c,c++ labmanual 08

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METHODIST COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

KING KOTI ,ABIDS, HYDERABAD 500031

Website: www.methodist.edu.in

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PROGRAMMING IN C & C++

LABORATORY MANUAL

Hardware : Pentium-II (256MHz)/256MB RAM /40 GB HDDSoftware : Windows XP-SP2/TC3.0

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INDEX

PROGRAMS

1.SIMPLE C PROGRAMS 9

A.PROGRAM TO PRINT B. WORKING OF FUNDAMENTAL DATATYPES

C.INTERCHANGE TWO VALUES D. TO CALCULATE SIMPLE INTEREST

E. TO CALCULATE AREA AND PERIMETER OF A F. TO CALCULATE THE AREA AND PERIMETER OF TRIANGLE G. TO FIND AREA AND PERIMETER OF A RECTANGLE

2. PROGRAMS TO DEMOSTRATE WORKING OF OPERATORS 16

B. PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE THE WORKING OF INCREMENT AND DECREMENT OPERATORS C. PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE THE WORKING OF INCREMENT AND DECREMENT OPERATORS

D. TO FIND THE MAX OF TWO NUMBERS BY USING CONDITIONAL OPERATORS

E. TO FIND THE MAX OF THREE INTEGERS BY USING CONDITIONAL OPERATOR

F. PROGRAM TO FIND THE MAX OF THREE INTEGERS BY USING CONDITIONAL OPERATOR

G. PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE THE WORKING OF RELATIONAL OPERATORS

H. TO DEMONSTRATE THE WORKING OF SHORTCUT ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS

I .PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE THE WORKING OF BITWISE

A. TO DEMONSTRATE THE WORKING OF ARITHMETICAL OPERATORS

- 4 - OPERATORS

3.PROGRAMS USING IF-ELSE,SWITCH STATEMENTS 22

A. PROGRAM TO FIND GREATEST OF TWO NOS B. PROGRAM TO FIND GREATEST OF TWO NOS C.PROGRAM TO CHECK WHETHER THE YEAR IS LEAP OR NOT D. PROGRAM TO CHECK WHETHER THE GIVEN CHARACTER IS ALPHABET OR DIGIT OR SPECIAL CHARACTER E. PROGRAM TO CHECK WHEATHER THE GIVEN CHARACTER IS ALPHABET OR DIGIT OR SPECIAL CHARACTER F. PROGRAM TO CALCULATE THE ROOTS OF A QUADRATIC G. PROGRAM TO CALCULATE THE TOTAL , AVERAGE AND GRADE OF A STUDENT H. PROGRAM TO PRINT THE MONTH NAME IF MONTH NUMBER WAS GIVEN WITH IF ELSE LADDER I. PROGRAM TO PRINT THE MONTH NAME IF MONTH NUMBER WAS GIVEN WITH SWITCH CASE J. PROGRAM TO FIND GREATEST OF 3 NOS K. PROGRAM TO CALCULATE TAX

4. PROGRAMS USING WHILE, DO-WHILE, FOR LOOPS 41

B.PROGRAM TO CALCULATE THE FACTORIAL OF THE GIVEN NUMBER C. PROGRAM TO FIND WHETHER GIVEN NO IS ARMSTRONG OR NOT D. PROGRAM TO FIND FIBONACCI SERIES UP TO GIVEN RANGE E. PROGRAM TO PRINT MATHEMATICAL TABLE F. PROGRAM TO FIND THE VALUE OF SINX G. PROGRAM TO FIND THE VALUE OF COSX H. PROGRAM TO FIND SUM OF DIGITS OF A NUMBER I. PROGRAM TO WHETHER GIVEN NO IS PALINDROME OR NOT

5. PROGRAMS USING ARRAYS 52

B. PROGRAM TO FIND MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM NUMBER IN AN ARRAY C. PROGRAM TO REVERSE THE ARRAY ELEMENTS IN PLACE

A. PROGRAM TO FIND THE NUMBER IS EVEN OR ODD

A. PROGRAM TO FIND SUM OF FIRST N NATURAL NUMBERS WITH WHILE LOOP

A. PROGRAM TO FIND SUM OF ALL ELEMENTS IN THE ARRAY

- 5 - D. PROGRAM TO PERFORM LINEAR SEARCH E. PROGRAM TO PERFORM BINARY SEARCH F. PROGRAM TO PERFORM BUBBLE SORT G. PROGRAM TO PERFORM SELECTION SORT H. PROGRAM TO READ AND PRINT A MATRIX

I. PROGRAM TO TRANSPOSE A MATRIX J. PROGRAM TO ADD TWO MATRICES K. PROGRAM TO MULTIPLY TWO MATRICES L. PROGRAM TO COUNT FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCES OF

CHARACTERS AND SPECIAL CHARACTERS

6. PROGRAMS USING FUNCTIONS 73

B.FUNCTION TO CALCULATE NCR AND NPR (USING FUNCTION) C. FUNCTION TO CALCULATE FACTORIAL OF AN INTEGER D. PROGRAM TO PRINT PRIME NUMBERS IN THE GIVEN RANGE (USING FUNCTION) E. PROGRAM TO PRINT ARMSTRONG NUMBERS IN THE GIVEN F. PROGRAM TO SWAP TWO INTEGER NUMBERS (USING FUNCTION) G. PROGRAM TO PRINT FIBONACCI SERIES UP TO A GIVEN NUMBER (USING FUNCTION) H. PROGRAM TO PRINT NTH FIBONACCI NUMBER

(USING RECURSIVE FUNCTION I. PROGRAM TO FIND GCD OF TWO INTEGERS (USING RECURSIVE FUNCTION) J. PROGRAM TO FIND SUM OF ALL ELEMENTS IN AN ARRAY K. PROGRAM TO PERFORM BUBBLE SORT (USING FUNCTION)

L. PROGRAM TO MULTIPLY TWO MATRICES (USING FUNCTION)

M. PROGRAM TO REVERSE THE CONTENTS OF THE GIVEN STRING N. PROGRAM TO FIND THE LENGTH OF THE GIVEN STRING BY USING USER DEFINED FUNCTION O. PROGRAM TO COPY THE CONTENTS OF THE GIVEN STRING TO ANOTHER BY USING USER DEFINED FUNCTION P. PROGRAM TO APPEND THE CONTENTS OF THE GIVEN STRING TO ANOTHER BY USING USER DEFINED FUNCTION Q. PROGRAM TO COMPARE THE CONTENTS OF GIVEN TWO STRINGS BY USING USER DEFINED FUNCTION

A. FUNCTION TO CALCULATE FACTORIAL OF AN INTEGER

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7. PROGRAMS USING POINTERS 99 M

B. PROGRAM TO FIND THE LENGTH OF THE GIVEN STRING BY USING USER DEFINED FUNCTION WITH POINTERS C. PROGRAM TO COPY THE CONTENTS OF THE GIVEN STRING TO ANOTHER BY USING USER DEFINED FUNCTION WITH POINTERS

D. PROGRAM TO APPEND THE CONTENTS OF THE GIVEN STRING E. PROGRAM TO COMPARE THE CONTENTS OF GIVEN TWO STRINGS BY USING USER DEFINED FUNCTION

8.PROGRAMS USING STRINGS 109

B. DEFINE A STRUCTURE TO REPRESENT RATIONAL NUMBER AND WRITE A PROGRAM TO PERFORM THE ARITHMETICAL OPERATIONS ON RATIONAL NUMBERS C. DEFINE A STRUCTURE TO REPRESENT COMPLEX NUMBER AND WRITE A PROGRAM TO PERFORM THEARITHMETICAL OPERATIONS ON COMPLEX NUMBERS D. DEFINE A STRUCTURE TO REPRESENT RATIONAL NUMBER AND WRITE A PROGRAM TO PERFORM THE ARITHMETICAL OPERATIONS ON RATIONAL NUMBERS BY USING FUNCTIONS E. DEFINE A STRUCTURE TO REPRESENT COMPLEX NUMBER AND WRITE A PROGRAM TO PERFORM THE ARITHMETICAL OPERATIONS ON COMPLEX NUMBERS BY USING FUNCTIONS

9.PROGRAMS USING STRUCTURES & UNIONS 117

A. WRITE A PROGRAM TO GENERATE STUDENT RECORDS WITH TOTAL AVERAGE IF MARKS OF 3 SUBJECTS ARE GIVEN AS INPUTS BY USING AN ARRAY OF STUDENT STRUCTURES. B. WRITE A PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE THE WORKING OF POINTERS TO STRUCTURES TO CALCULATE THE TOTAL AND AVERAGE OF THE GIVEN STUDENT C. PROGRAM TO PRINT TOMORROWS DATE IF TO-DAYS DATE

A. PROGRAM TO REVERSE THE CONTENTS OF THE GIVEN STRING BY USING USER DEFINED FUNCTION WITH POINTERS

A. PROGRAM TO ABBREVIATE THE CONTENTS OF THE CONTENTS OF GIVEN STRING

- 7 - WAS GIVEN10. PROGRAMS USING FILES 124 A. C PROGRAM TO CREATE A FILE B. C PROGRAM TO PRINT THE CONTENTS OF THE FILE ON THE MONITOR C. C PROGRAM TO COPY ONE FILE INTO ANOTHER FILE D. C PROGRAM TO CREATE A FILE OF STUDENT RECORDS E. C PROGRAM TO DISPLAY STUDENT RECORDS BY READING

11. Simple C++ Programs 130 A. Average of two numbers B. Demonstration of scope resolution operator C. MUL and Div using inline functions D. Calculation of volume of cube,cylinder,rectangular box Using Function overloading E. Program to find maximum number using function template

12. Programs using classes and objects 135

B. Program on working of static data member C. Program to demonstrate static member function D. Program on friend function

E. Program on complex numbers addition using friend function

F. Program to perform complex numbers sum using friend, constructors

G. Program to demonstrate constructorsH. Program to perform string operationsI. Program to perform matrix reading and search for

elementJ. Program to demonstrate destructor

13. Program on operator overloading 148

B. Program to perform overloading + operator

A. Program to demonstrate

A. Program to perform overloading on unary minus

- 8 -C. Program to perform overloading operators using

friend functionsD. Program to perform mathematical operations on

strings

14. Programs on inheritance 155

B. Program to demonstrate single inheritance: privateC. Program to demonstrate multilevel inheritanceD. Program to demonstrate multiple inheritances

15. Programs on polymorphism 163

B. Program to demonstrate constructors in derived class

C. Program to demonstrate pointers to objectsD. Program to demonstrate this pointer

E. Program to demonstrate virtual functionsF. Program to demonstrate runtime polymorphism

16. Template programs 176

B. Program to perform bubble sort using template Functions C. Program to calculate roots of equations using templates

17. Exception handling 182

A. Program to demonstrate single inheritance: public

A. Program to demonstrate virtual base class

A. Program to perform vector operations using

A. Program on exception handling

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1.SIMPLE C PROGRAMS

AIM: Accepting text from user and printing

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){clrscr();printf(" C test program");getch();}

OUTPUT:C test program

A. PROGRAM TO PRINT

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1.SIMPLE C PROGRAMS

AIM: Program to demonstrate the working of fundamental

datatypes

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>

void main(){

float x;int y;char a;double k;clrscr();x=123.456;y=20;a='z';k=9.3456677;printf("\n x=%f",x);printf("\n y=%d",y);printf("\n a=%c",a);printf("\n k=%lf",k);getch();

}

B. WORKING OF FUNDAMENTAL DATATYPES

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OUTPUT: x=123.456001 y=20 a=z k=9.345668

1.SIMPLE C PROGRAMS

AIM: Program to interchange to values

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){

int a,b,temp;clrscr();printf("enter the values of a,b \n");scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);

temp=a;a=b;b=temp;

printf("a=%d\n b=%d\n ",a,b);getch();

}

INPUT:

C. INTERCHANGE TWO VALUES

- 12 -enter the values of a,b53OUTPUT:

a=3 b=5

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1.SIMPLE C PROGRAMS

AIM: Program to calculate simple interest

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){float p,n,r;float simple=0.0;clrscr();printf(" enter the values of p n r\n");scanf("%f%f%f",&p,&n,&r);simple=(p*n*r)/100.0;printf("simple interest is :%f\n",simple);getch();}

INPUT:enter the values of p n r1000220

OUTPUT:

simple interest is :400.000000

D. TO CALCULATE SIMPLE INTEREST

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1.SIMPLE C PROGRAMS

AIM: Program to calculate area and perimeter of a circle


void main(){ float r,area,peri; clrscr(); printf("\n enter any radious"); scanf("%f",&r); area=3.14*r*r; peri=2*3.14*r; printf("\n area is %f",area); printf("\n perimeter is %f",peri); getch();}

INPUT: enter any radious5

OUTPUT:

area is 78.500000 perimeter is 31.400000

E. TO CALCULATE AREA AND PERIMETER OF A

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AIM: Program to calculate the area and perimeter of triangle

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>#include<math.h>

void main(){ float a,b,c,s,area,peri; clrscr(); printf("\n enter the lengths of 3 sides"); scanf("%f%f%f",&a,&b,&c); s=(a+b+c)/2; area=sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c)); peri=a+b+c; printf("\n area is %f",area); printf("\n perimeter is %f",peri); getch();}

INPUT: enter the lengths of 3 sides 4 5 6

OUTPUT:

area is 9.921567 perimeter is 15.000000

F. TO CALCULATE THE AREA AND PERIMETER OF TRIANGLE

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1.SIMPLE C PROGRAMS

AIM: Program to find area and perimeter of a rectangle


void main(){

float l,b,area,peri;clrscr();printf("enter the length and breadth of rectangle\n");scanf("%f%f",&l,&b);area=l*b;peri=2*(l+b);printf("area is %f\n",area);printf("perimeter is %f\n",peri);getch();

}

INPUT:enter the length and breadth of rectangle23.443.4

OUTPUT:

area is 1015.559998perimeter is 133.600006

G. TO FIND AREA AND PERIMETER OF A RECTANGLE

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2. PROGRAMS TO DEMOSTRATE WORKING OF OPERATORS

AIM: Program to demonstrate the working of arithmetical

operators

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){ int a,b,ans; clrscr(); printf("enter any two integers"); scanf("%d%d",&a,&b); ans=a+b; printf("\n sum is %d",ans); ans=a-b; printf("\n difference is %d",ans); ans=a*b; printf("\n product is %d",ans); ans=a/b; printf("\n quotient is %d",ans); ans=a%b; printf("\n remainder is %d",ans); getch();}

INPUT:

enter any two integers10 20 OUTPUT: sum is 30 difference is -10 product is 200 quotient is 0 remainder is 10

A. TO DEMONSTRATE THE WORKING OF ARITHMETICAL OPERATORS

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AIM: Program to demonstrate the working of increment and

decrement operators


void main(){ int a,ans; clrscr(); a=2; printf("\n initial value of a is %d",a); getch(); a++; printf("\n after a++ a is %d",a); getch(); ++a; printf("\n after ++a a is %d",a); getch(); ans=a++; printf("\n with ans=a++ a is %d and

ans is %d",a,ans); getch(); ans=++a; printf("\n with ans=++a a is %d and

ans is %d",a,ans); getch();}

INPUT: initial value of a is 2

OUTPUT:

after a++ a is 3 after ++a a is 4 with ans=a++ a is 5 and ans is 4 with ans=++a a is 6 and ans is 6

B. PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE THE WORKING OF INCREMENT AND DECREMENT OPERATORS

- 20 -2. PROGRAMS TO DEMOSTRATE WORKING OF OPERATORS

AIM: Program to demonstrate the working of increment and decrement operators

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){ int a,ans; clrscr(); a=2; printf("\n now a is %d",a); ans=a++ * a++ * ++a; printf("\n with ans=a++ * a++ * ++a

ans is %d and a is %d",ans,a); getch(); }

INPUT:

now a is 2

with ans=a++ * a++ * ++a

OUTPUT:

ans is 27 and a is 5

C. PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE THE WORKING OF INCREMENT AND DECREMENT OPERATORS

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AIM: Program to find the max of two numbers by using

conditional operators

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){ int a,b,c,max; clrscr(); printf("enter any three integers"); scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c); max=a>b?a:b; max=max>c?max:c; printf("max is %d",max); getch(); }

INPUT:enter any three integers19 35 68

OUTPUT:

max is 68

D. TO FIND THE MAX OF TWO NUMBERS BY USING CONDITIONAL OPERATORS

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AIM: Program to find the max of three integers by using

conditional operator

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){ int a,b,c,max; clrscr(); printf("enter any three integers"); scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c); max=a>b?(a>c?a:c):(b>c)?b:c; printf("max is %d",max); getch(); }

INPUT:enter any three integers 24 76 48

OUTPUT:

max is 76

E. TO FIND THE MAX OF THREE INTEGERS BY USING CONDITIONAL OPERATOR

- 23 -2. PROGRAMS TO DEMOSTRATE WORKING OF OPERATORS

AIM: Program to find the max of three integers by using

conditional operator

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){ int a,b,max; printf("enter any two integers"); scanf("%d%d",&a,&b); max=(a>b)?a:b; printf("max no is %d",max); getch(); }

INPUT:enter any two integers 34 76

OUTPUT:

max no is 76

F. PROGRAM TO FIND THE MAX OF THREE INTEGERS BY USING CONDITIONAL OPERATOR

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AIM: Program to demonstrate the working of relational

operators

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){ int a,b; clrscr(); printf("enter any two integers"); scanf("%d%d",&a,&b); printf("\n %d > %d is %d",a,b,a>b); printf("\n %d >= %d is %d",a,b,a>=b); printf("\n %d < %d is %d",a,b,a<b); printf("\n %d <= %d id %d",a,b,a<=b); printf("\n %d == %d is %d",a,b,a==b); printf("\n %d != %d is %d",a,b,a!=b); getch(); }

INPUT:enter any two integers24 35

OUTPUT:

24 > 35 is 0 24 >= 35 is 0 24 < 35 is 1 24 <= 35 is 1 24 == 35 is 0 24 != 35 is 1

G. PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE THE WORKING OF RELATIONAL OPERATORS

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AIM: Program to demonstrate the working of shortcut

assignment operators

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){ int a; clrscr(); printf("enter any integer"); scanf("%d",&a); printf("\n initially a= %d",a); a+=10; printf("\n with a+=10 a= %d\t ",a); a-=20; printf("\n with a-=20 a= %d",a); a*=5; printf("\n with a*=5 a=%d",a); a/=10; printf("\n with a/=10 a= %d",a); getch();}

INPUT:

enter any integer2

OUTPUT:

initially a= 2 with a+=10 a= 12 with a-=20 a= -8 with a*=5 a=-40 with a/=10 a= -4

H. TO DEMONSTRATE THE WORKING OF SHORTCUT ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS

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AIM:Program to demstrate the working of bitwise operataors

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){ unsigned int a,b,ans; clrscr(); printf("enter any two integers"); scanf("%u%u",&a,&b); ans=a&b; printf("\n %u & %u is %u",a,b,ans); ans=a|b; printf("\n %u | %u is %u",a,b,ans); ans=a^b; printf("\n %u ^ %u is %u",a,b,ans); ans=~a; printf("\n ones complement of %u is %u",a,ans); ans=a>>3; printf("\n shift right %u with 3 count is %u",a,ans); ans=a<<3; printf("\n shift left %u with 3 count is %u",a,ans); getch(); }

INPUT:enter any two integers10 20

OUTPUT:

10 & 20 is 0 10 | 20 is 30 10 ^ 20 is 30 ones complement of 10 is 65525 shift right 10 with 3 count is 1 shift left 10 with 3 count is 80

I. PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE THE WORKING OF BITWISE OPERATORS

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3.PROGRAMS USING IF-ELSE,SWITCH STATEMENTS

AIM:Program to find whether the numbers is even or odd


int a;clrscr();printf("enter a no\n");scanf("%d",&a);printf("the no can not be even or odd\n");if(a%2==0)printf("the no %d is even",a);elseprintf("the no %d is odd",a);getch();

}

INPUT:

enter a no23OUTPUT:

the no 23 is odd

enter a no34the no 34 is even

A. PROGRAM TO FIND THE NUMBER IS EVEN OR ODD

- 28 - 3.PROGRAMS USING IF-ELSE,SWITCH STATEMENTS

AIM:Program to find the greatest of teo numbers

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){ int a,b;clrscr();printf("enter two distinct nos\n");scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);if(a>b)printf("the no %d is greater",a);elseprintf("the no %d is greater",b);getch();}

INPUT:

enter two nos2 4

OUTPUT:

the no 4 is greater

B. PROGRAM TO FIND GREATEST OF TWO NOS


AIM:Program to check a year is leap year or not


int year;clrscr();printf("enter the year\n");scanf("%d",&year);if(((year%4)==0)&&((year%100)!=0)||((year%400)==0))printf("the year %d is leap year",year);elseprintf("the year %d is not a leap year",year);getch();

}

INPUT:

enter the year1884

OUTPUT:

the year 1884 is leap year

C.PROGRAM TO CHECK WHETHER THE YEAR IS LEAP OR NOT

- 30 -3.PROGRAMS USING IF-ELSE,SWITCH STATEMENTS

AIM:Program to the character ts alphabt or digit or a special

character

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>#include<math.h>void main(){ char ch; clrscr(); printf("\n enter any character"); scanf("%c",&ch); if((ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z')||(ch>= 'A' && ch<= 'Z')) printf("\n alphabet"); else if(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')

printf("\n digit"); else

printf("\n special character"); getch();}

INPUT:

enter any character a

OUTPUT:

alphabet enter any character4

digit enter any character*

special character

D. PROGRAM TO CHECK WHETHER THE GIVEN CHARACTER IS ALPHABET OR DIGIT OR SPECIAL CHARACTER


AIM:Program to check the character is a alphabet or digit or

speciak character using a system defined functions

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>#include<ctype.h>void main(){ char ch; clrscr(); printf("\n enter any character"); scanf("%c",&ch); if( isalpha(ch) ) printf("\n alphabet"); else if( isdigit(ch) )

printf("\n digit"); else

printf("\n special character"); getch();}

INPUT:

enter any character a

OUTPUT:

alphabet enter any character4

digit enter any character*

special character

E. PROGRAM TO CHECK WHEATHER THE GIVEN CHARACTER IS ALPHABET OR DIGIT OR SPECIAL CHARACTER

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AIM:Program to caluculate the roots of a quadratic equation

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>#include<math.h>void main(){ float a,b,c,d,r1,r2,rp,ip; clrscr(); printf("\n enter a b c values"); scanf("%f%f%f",&a,&b,&c); if(a==0) printf(" not a QE"); else { d=b*b-4*a*c; if(d>=0) {

printf("\n roots are real"); r1= (-b +sqrt(d))/(2*a); r2= (-b -sqrt(d))/(2*a); printf("\n roots are %f and %f",r1,r2);

} else {

printf("\n roots are imaginary"); rp= -b/(2*a); ip=sqrt(-d)/(2*a); printf("\n roots are ( %f , %f ) and

( %f , %f )",rp,ip,rp,-ip);}

} getch(); }

F. PROGRAM TO CALCULATE THE ROOTS OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION

- 33 -

INPUT: enter a b c values3 5 2

OUTPUT:

roots are real roots are -0.666667 and -1.000000 enter a b c values 1 6 3 roots are real roots are -0.550510 and -5.449490 enter a b c values4 2 8 roots are imaginary roots are ( -0.250000 , 1.391941 ) and ( -0.250000 , -1.391941 )

- 34 -


AIM:Program to calculate the total, average and grade of a

student

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){ int m1,m2,m3,tot; float avg; char gr; clrscr(); printf("enter the marks of 3 subjects\n"); scanf("%d%d%d",&m1,&m2,&m3); tot=m1+m2+m3; avg=(float)(m1+m2+m3)/3; if(m1<40 || m2<40 || m3 <40) gr='F'; else if(avg<50)

gr='E'; else

if(avg<60) gr='D'; else if(avg<70) gr='C'; else if(avg<80)

gr='B';

G. PROGRAM TO CALCULATE THE TOTAL , AVERAGE AND GRADE OF A STUDENT

- 35 - else

gr='A';

printf("\n total = %d",tot); printf("\n average = %f",avg); printf("\n Grade = %c",gr); getch();}

INPUT: enter the marks of 3 subjects89 76 57

OUTPUT:

total = 222 average = 74.000000 Grade = B

- 36 -


AIM: Program to print the name of the month if number is

given


void main(){ int mno; clrscr(); printf("\n enter any month number"); scanf("%d",&mno); if(mno==1) printf("\n jan"); else

if(mno==2) printf("\n feb");else if(mno==3) printf("\n mar"); else if(mno==4)

printf("\n april"); else

if(mno==5) printf("\n may"); else if(mno==6) printf("\n june");

H. PROGRAM TO PRINT THE MONTH NAME IF MONTH NUMBER WAS GIVEN WITH IF ELSE LADDER

- 37 -

else if(mno==7)

printf("\n july"); else

if(mno==8) printf("\n august"); else if(mno==9) printf("\n september"); else if(mno==10)

printf("\n october"); else

if(mno==11)

printf("\n november"); else if(mno==12) printf("\n december"); else printf("\n invalid month number");

getch();}

INPUT:

enter any month number12

OUTPUT:

december enter any month number5 may enter any month number19 invalid month number

- 38 -


AIM:Program to print the month name if numberis given using

the switch case


void main(){ int mno; clrscr(); printf("\n enter any month number"); scanf("%d",&mno); switch(mno) {

case 1: printf("\n jan"); break;

case 2: printf("\n feb"); break;

case 3: printf("\n mar"); break;

case 4: printf("\n april"); break;

case 5: printf("\n may"); break;

case 6: printf("\n june"); break;

case 7: printf("\n july"); break;

case 8: printf("\n august"); break;

case 9: printf("\n september"); break;

case 10: printf("\n october"); break;

case 11: printf("\n november"); break;

I. PROGRAM TO PRINT THE MONTH NAME IF MONTH NUMBER WAS GIVEN WITH SWITCH CASE

- 39 - case 12: printf("\n december");

break; default: printf("\n december");

}

getch();}

INPUT:

enter any month number12

OUTPUT:

december enter any month number5

may enter any month number19

invalid month number


AIM:Program to find greatest of three numbers

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int a,b,c;clrscr();printf("enter 3 nos\n");scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);if(a>b){if(a>c)printf("the no %d is greater\n",a);elseprintf("the no %d is greater\n",c);}elseif(b>c)printf("the no %d is greater\n",b);getch();}

INPUT:

enter 3 nos342

OUTPUT:

the no 4 is greater

J. PROGRAM TO FIND GREATEST OF 3 NOS


AIM:Program to calculate the tax

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){float inc,tax=0.0;int ch;clrscr();printf("enter income \n");scanf("%f",&inc);ch=(int)(inc/10000);switch(ch){case 0:case 1:case 2: tax=0;

break;case 3:case 4: tax=inc*10/100;

break;case 5:case 6: tax=inc*20/100;

break;default: tax=inc*25/100;

break;}printf("tax is %f\n",tax);getch();}

INPUT:

enter income54321

OUTPUT:

tax is 10864.200195

K. PROGRAM TO CALCULATE TAX

- 42 -

- 43 -4. PROGRAMS USING WHILE, DO-WHILE, FOR LOOPS

AIM:Program to find the sum of n natural numbers

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int i,n,sum=0;clrscr();printf("enter the value of n \n");scanf("%d",&n);i=1;while(i<=n){sum=sum+i;i++;}printf("sum is %d\n",sum);getch();}

INPUT:enter the value of n150

OUTPUT:

sum is 11325

A. PROGRAM TO FIND SUM OF FIRST N NATURAL NUMBERS WITH WHILE LOOP


AIM:Program to calculate the factorial of a number

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int i;long fact=1;clrscr();printf(“\n enter n integer”);scanf(“%d”,&n);for(i=1;i<=n;i++) fact=fact*I;

printf("factorial is %ld\n",fact);getch();}

INPUT:

enter an integer 5

OUTPUT:

factorial is 120

B.PROGRAM TO CALCULATE THE FACTORIAL OF THE GIVEN NUMBER


AIM:Program to check whether number is Armstrong number or

not


void main(){int n,sum=0,temp,rem;clrscr();printf("enter a no \n");scanf("%d",&n);temp=n;while(n!=0){rem=n%10;sum=sum+(rem*rem*rem);n=n/10;}if(temp==sum)printf("the no %d is armstrong\n",temp);elseprintf("the no %d is not armstrong\n",temp);getch();}

INPUT:

enter a no153

OUTPUT:

the no 153 is Armstrong

C. PROGRAM TO FIND WHETHER GIVEN NO IS ARMSTRONG OR NOT

- 46 -D. PROGRAM TO FIND FIBONACCI SERIES UP TO GIVEN RANGE

4. PROGRAMS USING WHILE, DO-WHILE, FOR LOOPS

AIM:Program to write the fibonacci series up to a given number


void main(){int n;int a=0,b=1,c;clrscr();printf("enter the n value \n");scanf("%d",&n);printf(“\n %d\t%d\t”,a,b);c=a+b;while(c<=n){printf("%d",c);a=b;b=c;c=a+b;}getch();}

INPUT:

enter the n value8

OUTPUT:

0 1 1 2 3 5 8

- 47 -


AIM:Program to print mathematical table

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int n,i;clrscr();printf("enter n \n");scanf("%d",&n);for(i=1;i<=10;i++)printf("%d * %d = %d\n",n,i,n*i);getch();}

INPUT:

enter n4

OUTPUT:

4 * 1 = 44 * 2 = 84 * 3 = 124 * 4 = 164 * 5 = 204 * 6 = 244 * 7 = 284 * 8 = 324 * 9 = 364 * 10 = 40

E. PROGRAM TO PRINT MATHEMATICAL TABLE


AIM: Program to print the sinx serises

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>#include<math.h>void main(){float x,sum,term;int i,n;clrscr();printf("enter the no of terms\n");scanf("%d",&n);printf("enter the angle in degrees x \n");scanf("%f",&x);x=(x*3.14)/180;sum=x;term=x;for(i=1;i<=n;i++){term=(term*(-1)*x*x)/((2*i)*(2*i+1));sum+=term;}printf("sin valve of given angle is %f",sum);getch();}

INPUT:

enter the no of terms3

OUTPUT:

enter the angle in degrees x30sin valve of given angle is 0.499770

F. PROGRAM TO FIND THE VALUE OF SINX


AIM: Program to print the cosx serises

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>#include<math.h>void main(){float x,sum,term;int i,n;clrscr();printf("enter the no of terms\n");scanf("%d",&n);printf("enter the angle in degrees x \n");scanf("%f",&x);x=(x*3.14)/180;sum=1;term=1;for(i=1;i<=n;i++){term=(term*(-1)*x*x)/((2*i)*(2*i-1));sum+=term;}printf("cos valve of given angle is %f",sum);getch();}

INPUT:

enter the no of terms3

OUTPUT:

enter the angle in degrees x30cos valve of given angle is 0.866158

G. PROGRAM TO FIND THE VALUE OF COSX


AIM: Program to find the sum of digits of a number


void main(){int n,temp,rem,ans=0;clrscr();printf("enter a no \n");scanf("%d",&n);temp=n;while(n!=0){rem=n%10;ans+=rem;n=n/10;}printf("the sum of digits of %d is %d\n",temp,ans);getch();}

INPUT:

enter a no234

OUTPUT:

the sum of digits of 234 is 9

H. PROGRAM TO FIND SUM OF DIGITS OF A NUMBER


AIM: Program to check given number is palindrome or not


void main(){int n,rev=0,temp,rem;clrscr();printf("enter a no \n");scanf("%d",&n);temp=n;while(n!=0){rem=n%10;rev=rev*10+rem;n=n/10;}if(temp==rev)printf("the no %d is a palindrome\n",temp);elseprintf("the no %d is not a palindrome\n",temp);getch();}

INPUT:

enter a no121

OUTPUT:

the no 121 is a palindrome

I. PROGRAM TO WHETHER GIVEN NO IS PALINDROME OR NOT

- 53 -

- 54 -5. PROGRAMS USING ARRAYS

AIM:Program to find sum ao all elements in array

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>int main(){int a[20],i,n,sum=0;clrscr();printf("Enter array size\n");scanf("%d",&n);printf("Enter any %d elements\n",n);for(i=0;i<n;i++)

scanf("%d",&a[i]);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)sum += a[i];

printf("The sum of all elements is %d\n",sum);getch();return 0;}

INPUT:

Enter array size6

OUTPUT:

Enter any 6 elements98 23 45 67 12 90The sum of all elements is 335

A. PROGRAM TO FIND SUM OF ALL ELEMENTS IN THE ARRAY


AIM:Program to find max andd min number in an array

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>int main(){int a[20],i,n,min,max;clrscr();printf("Enter array size\n");scanf("%d",&n);printf("Enter any %d elements\n",n);for(i=0;i<n;i++)

scanf("%d",&a[i]);min = a[1];max = a[1];for(i=0;i<n;i++){

if(a[i]<min)min = a[i];

if(a[i]>max)max = a[i];

}printf("Minimum is %d\nMaximum is %d\n",min,max);getch();return 0;}

INPUT:

Enter array size6

OUTPUT:

Enter any 6 elements78 34 54 12 30 125Minimum is 12Maximum is 125

B. PROGRAM TO FIND MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM NUMBER IN AN ARRAY

- 56 -

5. PROGRAMS USING ARRAYS

AIM: Program to reverse the array elements

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>int main(){int a[20],i,n,temp;clrscr();printf("Enter array size\n");scanf("%d",&n);printf("Enter any %d elements\n",n);for(i=0;i<n;i++)

scanf("%d",&a[i]);for(i=0;i<n/2;i++){

temp = a[i];a[i] = a[n-1-i];a[n-1-i] = temp;

}printf("The array elements after reversing are:\n");for(i=0;i<n;i++)

printf("%4d",a[i]);getch();return 0;}

INPUT:

Enter array size5

OUTPUT:

Enter any 5 elements1 2 3 4 5The array elements after reversing are: 5 4 3 2 1

C. PROGRAM TO REVERSE THE ARRAY ELEMENTS IN PLACE


AIM:Program to perform linear search

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>int main(){int a[20],i,n,x,xloc = -1;clrscr();printf("Enter array size\n");scanf("%d",&n);printf("Enter any %d elements\n",n);for(i=0;i<n;i++)

scanf("%d",&a[i]);printf("Enter the element you want to search for\n");scanf("%d",&x);for(i=0;i<n;i++){

if(a[i]==x) {

xloc=i;break;

}}if(xloc==-1)

printf("%d is not found in the array\n",x);else

printf("%d is found at location %d\n",x,xloc);getch();return 0;}

INPUT:

Enter array size

6

D. PROGRAM TO PERFORM LINEAR SEARCH

- 58 -OUTPUT:

Enter any 6 elements

78 45 67 23 14 49

Enter the element you want to search for

23

23 is found at location 3

- 59 -

Enter array size5Enter any 5 elements1 2 34 5 6Enter the element you want to search for8989 is not found in the array


AIM:Program to perform binary search

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>int main(){int a[20],i,n,x,xloc = -1,low,high,mid;clrscr();printf("Enter array size\n");scanf("%d",&n);printf("Enter any %d elements in the sorted order\n",n);for(i=0;i<n;i++)

scanf("%d",&a[i]);printf("Enter the element you want to search for\n");scanf("%d",&x);low = 0;high = n-1;while(low<=high){

mid = (low+high)/2;if(a[mid]==x) {

xloc=mid;break;

} else if(x<a[mid])

high = mid - 1; else

low = mid + 1;}

if(xloc==-1)printf("%d is not found in the array\n",x);

elseprintf("%d is found at location %d\n",x,xloc);

getch();return 0;}

E. PROGRAM TO PERFORM BINARY SEARCH

- 61 -INPUT:

Enter array size6

OUTPUT:

Enter any 6 elements78 45 67 23 14 49Enter the element you want to search for2323 is found at location 3

Enter array size5Enter any 5 elements1 2 34 5 6Enter the element you want to search for8989 is not found in the array

- 62 -


AIM:Program to perform bubble sort

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>int main(){int a[20],i,j,n,temp;clrscr();printf("Enter array size\n");scanf("%d",&n);printf("Enter any %d elements\n",n);for(i=0;i<n;i++)

scanf("%d",&a[i]);for(i=1;i<=n-1;i++){ for(j=0;j<n-i;j++)

{if(a[j]>a[j+1]){

temp = a[j];a[j] = a[j+1];a[j+1] = temp;

}

}}printf("After sorting, the element are\n");for(i=0;i<n;i++)


INPUT:

Enter array size6

OUTPUT:

Enter any 6 elements

F. PROGRAM TO PERFORM BUBBLE SORT

- 63 -78 95 62 30 12 39After sorting, the element are 12 30 39 62 78 95


AIM: Progrtam to perform selection sort

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>int main(){int a[20],i,j,n,temp,maxloc,k;clrscr();printf("Enter array size\n");scanf("%d",&n);printf("Enter any %d elements\n",n);for(i=0;i<n;i++)

scanf("%d",&a[i]);for(i=0;i<n-1;i++){ maxloc = 0;

for(j=0;j<=(n-1-i);j++){

if(a[j]>a[maxloc])maxloc = j;

}temp = a[n-1-i];a[n-1-i] = a[maxloc];a[maxloc] = temp;

}printf("After sorting, the element are\n");for(i=0;i<n;i++)


INPUT:

Enter array size6

G. PROGRAM TO PERFORM SELECTION SORT

- 64 -

OUTPUT:Enter any 6 elements78 95 62 30 12 39After sorting, the element are 12 30 39 62 78 95


AIM:Program to read and print a matrix elements

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>int main(){int a[5][5],i,j,n,m;clrscr();printf("Enter matrix size\n");scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);printf("Enter matrix elements\n");for(i=0;i<m;i++)for(j=0;j<n;j++)

scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);printf("\nThe Matrix is\n");for(i=0;i<m;i++){for(j=0;j<n;j++)

printf("%4d",a[i][j]);printf("\n");}getch();return 0;}

H. PROGRAM TO READ AND PRINT A MATRIX

- 65 -

INPUT:

Enter matrix size23

Enter matrix elements123456OUTPUT:

The Matrix is 1 2 3 4 5 6

- 66 -


AIM: Program to perform transepose of a matrix

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>int main(){int a[5][5],i,j,n,m,temp;clrscr();printf("Enter matrix size\n");scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);printf("Enter matrix elements\n");for(i=0;i<m;i++)for(j=0;j<n;j++)

scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);

printf("\nThe Matrix is\n");for(i=0;i<m;i++){for(j=0;j<n;j++)

printf("%4d",a[i][j]);printf("\n");}for(i=0;i<m;i++){

for(j=i+1;j<n;j++){

temp = a[i][j];a[i][j] = a[j][i];

I. PROGRAM TO TRANSPOSE A MATRIX

- 67 -a[j][i] = temp;

}}

printf("\nThe Matrix after transpose,is\n");for(i=0;i<n;i++){for(j=0;j<m;j++)

printf("%4d",a[i][j]);printf("\n");}getch();return 0;}

INPUT:

Enter matrix size23Enter matrix elements123456

OUTPUT:

The Matrix is 1 2 3 4 5 6

The Matrix after transpose,is 1 4 2 5 3 6

- 68 -


AIM: Program to ass two matrices

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>int main(){int a[5][5],b[5][5],c[5][5],i,j,n,m,p,q;clrscr();printf("Enter first matrix size\n");scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);printf("Enter second matrix size\n");scanf("%d%d",&p,&q);

if(m!=p || n!=q)printf("Size mismatch, Addition is not possible\n");

else{printf("Enter first matrix elements\n");for(i=0;i<m;i++)for(j=0;j<n;j++)


printf("Enter second matrix elements\n");for(i=0;i<p;i++)for(j=0;j<q;j++)

scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);printf("\nAddition of two Matrices is\n");

for(i=0;i<m;i++){

for(j=0;j<n;j++)c[i][j] = a[i][j] + b[i][j];

}for(i=0;i<m;i++){for(j=0;j<n;j++)

printf("%4d",c[i][j]);printf("\n");}}

J. PROGRAM TO ADD TWO MATRICES

- 69 -getch();return 0;}

INPUT:

Enter first matrix size23Enter second matrix size23Enter first matrix elements123456

Enter second matrix elements654321

OUTPUT:

Addition of two Matrices is 7 7 7 7 7 7

Enter first matrix size23

Enter second matrix size43

Size mismatch, Addition is not possible

- 70 -


AIM: Program to multiply two matrices

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>int main(){int a[5][5],b[5][5],c[5][5],i,j,k,n,m,p,q;clrscr();printf("Enter first matrix size\n");scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);printf("Enter second matrix size\n");scanf("%d%d",&p,&q);if(n!=p)

printf("Not compatible, Multiplication is not possible\n");else{printf("Enter first matrix elements\n");for(i=0;i<m;i++)for(j=0;j<n;j++)



scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);printf("\nProduct of two Matrices is\n");

for(i=0;i<m;i++){ for(j=0;j<q;j++) { c[i][j] = 0;

for(k=0;k<n;k++)c[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j];

}

K. PROGRAM TO MULTIPLY TWO MATRICES

- 71 -}for(i=0;i<m;i++){for(j=0;j<q;j++)

printf("%4d",c[i][j]);printf("\n");}}getch();return 0;}

INPUT:

Enter first matrix size23Enter second matrix size43OUTPUT:

Not compatible, Multiplication is not possibleEnter first matrix size23


Enter first matrix elements123456

Enter second matrix elements123

Product of two Matrices is

- 72 - 14 32


AIM:Program to count occurrences of charaters and special

characters

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>int main(){char ch,str[80];int i,nl,nt,nd,nc,ns;nl = nt = nd = ns = nc = 0;clrscr();printf("Enter a character string,to stop enter EOF \n");i=0;while((ch=getchar())!=EOF){

str[i] = ch;i++;

}str[i] = '\0';printf("\nThe entered string is\n %s",str);for(i=0;str[i]!='\0';i++){ if(str[i]=='\n')

nl++; else if(str[i]==' ')

ns++; else if(str[i]=='\t')

nt++; else if(str[i]>='0' && str[i]<='9')nd++;

elsenc++;

L. PROGRAM TO COUNT FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCES OF CHARACTERS AND SPECIAL CHARACTERS (\N,\T AND SPACES)

- 73 -}printf("\nNo. of characters = %d\n",nc);printf("No. of digits = %d\n",nd);printf("No. of newlines = %d\n",nl);printf("No. of tabs = %d\n",nt);printf("No. of spaces = %d\n",ns);

getch();return 0;}

INPUT:

Enter a character string,to stop enter EOF43u04 jrir

59jgiogfg jhvcvsopf

wrkjrr23-054328324^Z

The entered string is 43u04 jrir

59jgiogfg jhvcvsopf

wrkjrr23-054328324

OUTPUT:

No. of characters = 28No. of digits = 17No. of newlines = 5No. of tabs = 7No. of spaces = 3

- 74 -6. PROGRAMS USING FUNCTIONS

AIM:Program to calculate factorial of an integer

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>int main(){int n;long ans,fact(int n);clrscr();printf("Enter an integer\n");scanf("%d",&n);ans = fact(n);printf("Factorial of %d is %ld\n",n,ans);getch();return 0;}

long fact(int n){ int i; long product=1; for(i=1;i<=n;i++)

product *= i; return product;}

INPUT:

Enter an integer10

OUTPUT:

Factorial of 10 is 3628800Enter an integer5Factorial of 5 is 120

A. FUNCTION TO CALCULATE FACTORIAL OF AN INTEGER


AIM: Program to calculate ncr and npr

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>int main(){int n,r;long ans;long fact(int n);clrscr();printf("Enter n and r values\n");scanf("%d%d",&n,&r);printf("%dC%d is %d\n",n,r,ncr(n,r));printf("%dP%d is %d\n",n,r,npr(n,r));getch();return 0;}

long fact(int n){ int i; long product=1; for(i=1;i<=n;i++)

product *= i; return product;}int ncr(int n,int r){ return fact(n)/(fact(n-r)*fact(r));}int npr(int n,int r){ return fact(n)/fact(n-r);}

INPUT: Enter n and r values103

OUTPUT:

B. FUNCTION TO CALCULATE NCR AND NPR (USING FUNCTION)

- 76 -10C3 is 12010P3 is 720

6. PROGRAMS USING FUNCTIONS

AIM:Program to calculate factorial of an integer

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>int main(){int n;long ans;long fact(int n);clrscr();printf("Enter an integer\n");scanf("%d",&n);ans = fact(n);printf("Factorial of %d is %ld\n",n,ans);getch();return 0;}

long fact(int n){if(n<=1)

return 1;else

return n*fact(n-1);}

INPUT:Enter an integer10

OUTPUT:

Factorial of 10 is 3628800

Enter an integer

C. FUNCTION TO CALCULATE FACTORIAL OF AN INTEGER

- 77 -5Factorial of 5 is 120

- 78 -


AIM: Program to print prime numbers in the given range

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>int main(){int m,n;void primerange(int,int);clrscr();printf("Enter the range\n");scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);printf("The prime numbers in the given range are\n");primerange(m,n);getch();return 0;}

void primerange(int m,int n){ int i,j; for(i=m;i<=n;i++) { for(j=2;j<i;j++) { if(i % j == 0)

break; } if(i==j)

printf("%d\n",i); }}

D. PROGRAM TO PRINT PRIME NUMBERS IN THE GIVEN RANGE (USING FUNCTION)

- 79 -

INPUT:

Enter the range150

OUTPUT:

The prime numbers in the given range are23571113171923293137414347

- 80 -


AIM:Program to print Armstrong numbers in the given range

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>#include<math.h>int main(){int m,n;void armrange(int,int);clrscr();printf("Enter the range\n");scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);printf("The armstrong numbers in the given range are\n");armrange(m,n);getch();return 0;}void armrange(int m,int n){ int i,j,sum,rem,num; for(i=m;i<=n;i++) { sum=0; num = i; while(num != 0) { rem = num % 10;

num = num / 10;sum +=pow(rem,3);

} if(i==sum)

printf("%d\n",i); }}

E. PROGRAM TO PRINT ARMSTRONG NUMBERS IN THE GIVEN RANGE (USING FUNCTION)

- 81 -

INPUT: Enter the range11000

OUTPUT:

The armstrong numbers in the given range are1153370371407

- 82 -


AIM:Program to swap two integers

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>#include<math.h>int main(){int m,n;void swap(int*,int*);clrscr();printf("Enter any two integers\n");scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);printf("The integers before swapping: m= %d, n = %d\n",m,n);swap(&m,&n);printf("The integers after swapping: m = %d,n = %d\n",m,n);getch();return 0;}

void swap(int *m,int *n){

int temp;temp = *m;*m = *n;*n = temp;

}

INPUT:

Enter any two integers2030

OUTPUT:

F. PROGRAM TO SWAP TWO INTEGER NUMBERS (USING FUNCTION)

- 83 -The integers before swapping: m= 20, n = 30The integers after swapping: m = 30,n = 20


AIM:Program to print fibonacci series up to a given number

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>int main(){int n;void fibseries(int);clrscr();printf("Enter the number\n");scanf("%d",&n);printf("The fibonacci series upto %d\n",n);fibseries(n);getch();return 0;}

void fibseries(int n){ int fib1=0,fib2=1,fib3=1; printf("%d\n%d\n",fib1,fib2); while(fib3<=n) { printf("%d\n",fib3); fib1 = fib2; fib2 = fib3; fib3 = fib1 + fib2; }}INPUT: Enter the number20

OUTPUT:

G. PROGRAM TO PRINT FIBONACCI SERIES UP TO A GIVEN NUMBER (USING FUNCTION)

- 84 -The fibonacci series upto 20011235813


AIM:Program to print nth fibonacci number

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>int main(){int n;int fib(int);clrscr();printf("Enter the number\n");scanf("%d",&n);printf("The %dth fibonacci number = %d\n",n,fib(n));getch();return 0;}

int fib(int n){

if(n==1)return 0;

else if(n==2)return 1;

elsereturn fib(n-1)+fib(n-2);

}

INPUT:

Enter the number5

H. PROGRAM TO PRINT NTH FIBONACCI NUMBER (USING RECURSIVE FUNCTION)

- 85 -

OUTPUT:

The 5th fibonacci number = 3

Enter the number20The 20th fibonacci number = 4181


AIM:Program to find GCD of two numbers

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>int main(){int m,n;int gcd(int,int);clrscr();printf("Enter any two integers\n");scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);printf("The GCD of %d and %d is = %d\n",m,n,gcd(m,n));getch();return 0;}

int gcd(int m,int n){

if(n==0)return m;

elsereturn gcd(n,m%n);

}

I. PROGRAM TO FIND GCD OF TWO INTEGERS (USING RECURSIVE FUNCTION)

- 86 -INPUT:Enter any two integers12536

OUTPUT:

The GCD of 125 and 36 is = 1

Enter any two integers248The GCD of 24 and 8 is = 8


AIM:Program to find sum of all elements in an array

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>int main(){int a[20],i,n;clrscr();printf("Enter array size\n");scanf("%d",&n);printf("Enter any %d elements\n",n);for(i=0;i<n;i++)

scanf("%d",&a[i]);printf("The sum of all elements is %d\n",arraysum(a,n));getch();return 0;}int arraysum(int a[],int n){ int i,sum=0; for(i=0;i<n;i++) sum += a[i]; return sum;

J. PROGRAM TO FIND SUM OF ALL ELEMENTS IN AN ARRAY (USING FUNCTION)

- 87 -}

INPUT:

Enter array size6OUTPUT:

Enter any 6 elements982345671290The sum of all elements is 335


AIM: Program to perform bubble sort using function

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>int main(){int a[20],i,n;void bubblesort(int [],int);clrscr();printf("Enter array size\n");scanf("%d",&n);printf("Enter any %d elements\n",n);for(i=0;i<n;i++)

scanf("%d",&a[i]);bubblesort(a,n);printf("After sorting, the elements are\n");for(i=0;i<n;i++)


void bubblesort(int a[],int n)

K. PROGRAM TO PERFORM BUBBLE SORT (USING FUNCTION)

- 88 -{int i,j,temp;for(i=1;i<=n-1;i++){ for(j=0;j<n-i;j++)

{if(a[j]>a[j+1]){

temp = a[j];a[j] = a[j+1];a[j+1] = temp;

}

}}}

- 89 -

INPUT:

Enter array size6

OUTPUT:

Enter any 6 elements789562301239After sorting, the element are

12 30 39 62 78 95


AIM: Program to multiply two numbers

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>int main(){int a[5][5],b[5][5],c[5][5],i,j,k,n,m,p,q;void matrixmul();clrscr();printf("Enter first matrix size\n");scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);printf("Enter second matrix size\n");scanf("%d%d",&p,&q);if(n!=p)

printf("Not compatible, Multiplication is not possible\n");else{printf("Enter first matrix elements\n");for(i=0;i<m;i++)for(j=0;j<n;j++)



scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);matrixmul(a,b,c,m,n,q);printf("\nProduct of two Matrices is\n");

for(i=0;i<m;i++){for(j=0;j<q;j++)

printf("%4d",c[i][j]);printf("\n");}}getch();return 0;}

void matrixmul(int a[][5],int b[][5],int c[][5],int m,int n,int q){

L. PROGRAM TO MULTIPLY TWO MATRICES (USING FUNCTION)

- 91 -int i,j,k;for(i=0;i<m;i++){ for(j=0;j<q;j++) { c[i][j] = 0;

for(k=0;k<n;k++)c[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j];

}}}

INPUT: Enter first matrix size23OUTPUT:


Not compatible, Multiplication is not possibleEnter first matrix size23Enter second matrix size31Enter first matrix elements123456Enter second matrix elements123

Product of two Matrices is 14 32

- 92 -


AIM: Program to reverse the contents of the given string

#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h>

void str_rev(char *s) {

int i,j; char temp; i=0; j=0; while(s[j+1]!='\0') j++; while(i<j) {

temp=s[i];s[i]=s[j];s[j]=temp;i++;j--;

} }

void main(){ char a[20]; clrscr(); printf("enter any string"); gets(a); str_rev(a); printf("reverse string is %s",a); getch();}

INPUT:

M. PROGRAM TO REVERSE THE CONTENTS OF THE GIVEN STRING BY USING USER DEFINED FUNCTION

- 93 -enter any string vasavi

OUTPUT:

reverse string is ivasav6. PROGRAMS USING FUNCTIONS

AIM:Program to find the length of the given string by using

user defined function


int str_len(char *s) { int i; i=0; while(s[i] !='\0') i++; return (i); }

void main(){ char a[20]; int ans; clrscr(); printf("enter any string"); gets(a); ans=str_len(a); printf("\n length of %s is %d",a,ans); getch();}

INPUT:

enter any string bala krishna

N. PROGRAM TO FIND THE LENGTH OF THE GIVEN STRING BY USING USER DEFINED FUNCTION

- 94 -

OUTPUT:

length of bala krishna is 14

- 95 -


AIM: Program to copy the contents of the given string to

anpther by susing user defined function


void str_copy(char *d,char *s) { int i; i=0; while(s[i]!='\0') { d[i]=s[i]; i++; } d[i]='\0'; return; }

void main(){ char a[20],b[20]; clrscr(); printf("enter any string"); gets(a); str_copy(b,a); printf("\n destination string is %s ",b); getch();}

INPUT:

enter any string vasavi

OUTPUT:

destination string is vasavi

O. PROGRAM TO COPY THE CONTENTS OF THE GIVEN STRING TO ANOTHER BY USING USER DEFINED FUNCTION


AIM:Program to append the contents of the given string to

another by using user defined function


void str_cat(char *d,char *s) { int i,j; i=0; while(d[i]!='\0')

i++; j=0; while(s[j]!='\0') { d[i]=s[j]; i++; j++; } d[i]='\0'; return; }

void main(){ char a[20],b[20]; clrscr(); printf("enter any string"); gets(a); printf("enter another string"); gets(b); str_cat(b,a); printf("\n destination string is %s ",b); getch();}

INPUT:enter any string vasavi

OUTPUT:enter another stringcollege destination string is college vasavi

P. PROGRAM TO APPEND THE CONTENTS OF THE GIVEN STRING TO ANOTHER BY USING USER DEFINED FUNCTION


AIM:Program to compare the contents of given two strings by

using user defined functions


int str_cmp(char *a, char *b) {

int i=0; while(a[i]!='\0' && b[i]!='\0') { if(a[i]!=b[i]) return (a[i]-b[i]); i++; } return(a[i]-b[i]);

}

void main(){ char a[20],b[20]; int ans; clrscr(); printf("enter any string"); gets(a); printf("enter another string"); gets(b); ans=str_cmp(a,b); printf("\n the difference between %s and

%s is %d",a,b,ans); getch();}

INPUT:

enter any string ramaenter another string krishna

OUTPUT: the difference between rama and krishna is 7

Q. PROGRAM TO COMPARE THE CONTENTS OF GIVEN TWO STRINGS BY USING USER DEFINED FUNCTION

- 98 -7. PROGRAMS USING POINTERS

AIM: Program to reverse the ontents of the given string by

using user defined functions with pointers


void str_rev(char *s) { char *p,*q; char temp; p=s; q=s; while(*(q+1) !='\0') q++; while(p<q) {

temp=*p;*p=*q;*q=temp;p++;q--;

} }

void main(){ char a[20]; clrscr(); printf("enter any string"); gets(a); str_rev(a); printf("reverse string is %s",a); getch();}

INPUT:enter any string ramana

OUTPUT:reverse string is anamar

A. PROGRAM TO REVERSE THE CONTENTS OF THE GIVEN STRING BY USING USER DEFINED FUNCTION WITH POINTERS


AIM:Program to find the length of the given string by using

user defined functions with pointers


int str_len(char *s) { char *p; p=s; while(*p !='\0') p++; return (p-s); }

void main(){ char a[20]; int ans; clrscr(); printf("enter any string"); gets(a); ans=str_len(a); printf("\n length of %s is %d",a,ans); getch();}

INPUT:

enter any string bala krishna

OUTPUT:

length of bala krishna is 14

B. PROGRAM TO FIND THE LENGTH OF THE GIVEN STRING BY USING USER DEFINED FUNCTION WITH POINTERS

- 100 -

7. PROGRAMS USING POINTERS

AIM: Program to copy the contents of the given string to

another by using user defined functions with pointers


void str_copy(char *d,char *s) { char *p,*q; p=s; q=d; while(*p !='\0') { *q = *p; p++; q++; } *q ='\0'; return; }

void main(){ char a[20],b[20]; clrscr(); printf("enter any string"); gets(a); str_copy(b,a); printf("\n destination string is %s ",b); getch();}

INPUT:

enter any string vasavi

OUTPUT: destination string is vasavi

C. PROGRAM TO COPY THE CONTENTS OF THE GIVEN STRING TO ANOTHER BY USING USER DEFINED FUNCTION WITH POINTERS


AIM:Program to append the contents of the given string to

another by using user defined function


void str_cat(char *d,char *s) { char *p,*q; p=s; q=d; while(*q!='\0')

q++;

while(*p !='\0') { *q=*p; p++; q++; } *q ='\0'; return; }void main(){ char a[20],b[20]; clrscr(); printf("enter any string"); gets(a); printf("enter another string"); gets(b); str_cat(b,a); printf("\n destination string is %s ",b); getch();}

INPUT:enter any string abcdenter another stringpqrs

OUTPUT: destination string is pqrs abcd

D. PROGRAM TO APPEND THE CONTENTS OF THE GIVEN STRING TO ANOTHER BY USING USER DEFINED FUNCTION


AIM:Program to compare the contents of given two strings by

using user defined functions

#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int str_cmp(char *a, char *b) {

char *p,*q; p=a; q=b; while(*p !='\0' && *q!='\0') { if(*p != *q) return (*p - *q); p++; q++; } return(*p - *q);

}void main(){ char a[20],b[20]; int ans; clrscr(); printf("enter any string"); gets(a); printf("enter another string"); gets(b); ans=str_cmp(a,b); printf("\n the difference between %s and

%s is %d",a,b,ans); getch();}

INPUT:enter any stringramaenter another stringramana

OUTPUT: the difference between rama and ramana is –110

D. Program to compare the contents of given two strings by using user defined function

- 103 -

8.PROGRAMS USING STRINGS

AIM:Proram to abbreviate the contens of the given string


main() { char s[100]; int i; clrscr(); printf("\n Enter a String\n"); gets(s); i=0; while(s[i]== ' ')

i++; putchar(s[i]); putchar(' '); while(s[i]!='\0') {

if(s[i]==' ' && s[i+1] != ' ') { putchar(s[i+1]); putchar(' '); } i++;}

getch(); }

INPUT:

enter a string Vasavi College Engg

OUTPUT:

V C E

A. PROGRAM TO ABBREVIATE THE CONTENTS OF THE CONTENTS OF GIVEN STRING

- 104 -


AIM: Program to erform the arithmetical operations on rational

numbers using structures #include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>

struct rational{ int nr; int dr; };

main( ) { struct rational r1,r2,ans; clrscr(); printf("\n Enter NR and DR of firtst rational number"); scanf("%d%d",&r1.nr,&r1.dr); printf("\n Enter NR and DR of second rational number"); scanf("%d%d",&r2.nr,&r2.dr);

/* Addition*/ ans.nr=r1.nr*r2.dr + r1.dr* r2.nr; ans.dr= r1.dr* r2.dr; printf("\n Sum is %d / %d",ans.nr,ans.dr);

/* substraction*/ ans.nr=r1.nr*r2.dr - r1.dr* r2.nr; ans.dr= r1.dr* r2.dr; printf("\n Difference is %d / %d",ans.nr,ans.dr);

/* Multiplication*/ ans.nr=r1.nr*r2.nr; ans.dr= r1.dr* r2.dr; printf("\n product is %d / %d",ans.nr,ans.dr);

B. DEFINE A STRUCTURE TO REPRESENT RATIONAL NUMBER AND WRITE A PROGRAM TO PERFORM THE ARITHMETICAL OPERATIONS ON RATIONAL NUMBERS

- 105 -

/* Division*/ ans.nr=r1.nr*r2.dr; ans.dr= r1.dr* r2.nr; printf("\n division INPUT: is %d / %d",ans.nr,ans.dr);

getch(); }

INPUT:

Enter NR and DR of firtst rational number2 3

Enter NR and DR of second rational number1 4OUTPUT:

Sum is 11 / 12 Difference is 5 / 12 product is 2 / 12 division RESULT: is 8 / 3

- 106 -8.PROGRAMS USING STRINGS

AIM:Program to perform the arithmetical operations on

complex numbers using structures

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>struct complex{ float rp; float ip;};

main(){ struct complex c1,c2,ans; clrscr(); printf("\n Enter RP and IP of first complex number"); scanf("%f%f",&c1.rp,&c1.ip); printf("\n Enter RP and IP of second complex number"); scanf("%f%f",&c2.rp,&c2.ip); /* addition*/ ans.rp= c1.rp + c2.rp; ans.ip= c1.ip + c2.ip; printf(" Sum is ( %f , %f )",ans.rp, ans.ip); /* Substraction*/ ans.rp= c1.rp - c2.rp; ans.ip= c1.ip - c2.ip; printf(" Sum is ( %f , %f )",ans.rp, ans.ip); getch(); }

INPUT:

Enter RP and IP of first complex number1 2

Enter RP and IP of second complex number3 4OUTPUT: Sum is ( 4.000000 , 6.000000 ) Sum is ( -2.000000 , -2.000000 )

C. DEFINE A STRUCTURE TO REPRESENT COMPLEX NUMBER AND WRITE A PROGRAM TO PERFORM THEARITHMETICAL OPERATIONS ON COMPLEX NUMBERS

- 107 -


AIM:Program to perform the arithmetical operations on rational

numbers by using structures and functions

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>struct rational{ int nr; int dr; }; typedef struct rational rat;

rat sum( rat r1, rat r2) { rat ans; ans.nr=r1.nr*r2.dr + r1.dr* r2.nr; ans.dr= r1.dr* r2.dr; return ans; }

rat sub( rat r1, rat r2) { rat ans; ans.nr=r1.nr*r2.dr - r1.dr* r2.nr; ans.dr= r1.dr* r2.dr; return ans; }

rat mul( rat r1, rat r2) { rat ans; ans.nr=r1.nr*r2.nr; ans.dr= r1.dr* r2.dr; return ans; } rat div( rat r1, rat r2) { rat ans;

D. DEFINE A STRUCTURE TO REPRESENT RATIONAL NUMBER AND WRITE A PROGRAM TO PERFORM THE ARITHMETICAL OPERATIONS ON RATIONAL NUMBERS BY USING FUNCTIONS

- 108 - ans.nr=r1.nr*r2.dr; ans.dr= r1.dr* r2.nr; return ans; }

main() { rat r1,r2,ans; clrscr(); printf("\n Enter NR and DR of firtst rational number"); scanf("%d%d",&r1.nr,&r1.dr); printf("\n Enter NR and DR of second rational number"); scanf("%d%d",&r2.nr,&r2.dr);

/* Addition*/ ans=sum(r1,r2); printf("\n sum is %d / %d",ans.nr,ans.dr);

/* substraction*/ ans=sub(r1,r2); printf("\n Difference is %d / %d",ans.nr,ans.dr);

/* Multiplication*/ ans=mul(r1,r2); printf("\n product is %d / %d",ans.nr,ans.dr);

/* Division*/ ans=div(r1,r2); printf("\n division INPUT: is %d / %d",ans.nr,ans.dr);

getch(); }

INPUT:

Enter NR and DR of firtst rational number1 2 Enter NR and DR of second rational number34OUTPUT: sum is 10 / 8 Difference is -2 / 8 product is 3 / 8 division RESULT: is 4 / 6

- 109 -


AIM:Program to perform arithmetical operations on complex

numbers by usinmg structures and functions


struct complex{ float rp; float ip;}; typedef struct complex comp;

comp sum ( comp c1, comp c2) { comp ans;

ans.rp= c1.rp + c2.rp;ans.ip= c1.ip + c2.ip;return ans;

}

comp sub ( comp c1, comp c2) { comp ans;

ans.rp= c1.rp - c2.rp;ans.ip= c1.ip - c2.ip;return ans;

}

main(){ struct complex c1,c2,ans; clrscr(); printf("\n Enter RP and IP of first complex number"); scanf("%f%f",&c1.rp,&c1.ip); printf("\n Enter RP and IP of second complex number"); scanf("%f%f",&c2.rp,&c2.ip);

E. DEFINE A STRUCTURE TO REPRESENT COMPLEX NUMBER AND WRITE A PROGRAM TO PERFORM THE ARITHMETICAL OPERATIONS ON COMPLEX NUMBERS BY USING FUNCTIONS

- 110 -

/* addition*/ ans=sum(c1,c2); printf(" Sum is ( %f , %f )",ans.rp, ans.ip);

/* Substraction*/ ans=sub(c1,c2); printf(" Sum is ( %f , %f )",ans.rp, ans.ip);

getch(); }

INPUT:

Enter RP and IP of first complex number 1 2

Enter RP and IP of second complex number 3 4

OUTPUT:

Sum is ( 4.000000 , 6.000000 ) Sum is ( -2.000000 , -2.000000 )

- 111 -9.PROGRAMS USING STRUCTURES & UNIONS

AIM:Program to generate student records with total and

average by taking 3 subjects marks as input


struct student { int sno; char name[20]; int m1,m2,m3; int tot; float avg; };

main() { struct student s[10]; int n,i; clrscr(); printf("\n Enter no of students"); scanf("%d",&n); printf("\n Enter no name and marks of 3 subjects of

%d students",n); for(i=0;i<n ; i++) {

fflush(stdin); scanf("%d",&s[i].sno); fflush(stdin); gets(s[i].name); fflush(stdin); scanf("%d%d%d",&s[i].m1,&s[i].m2,&s[i].m3); if(i<n-1) printf("\n mext student\n \n");}

for(i=0;i<n;i++) {

s[i].tot=s[i].m1+ s[i].m2 +s[i].m3;

A. WRITE A PROGRAM TO GENERATE STUDENT RECORDS WITH TOTAL AVERAGE IF MARKS OF 3 SUBJECTS ARE GIVEN AS INPUTS BY USING AN ARRAY OF STUDENT STRUCTURES.

- 112 - s[i].avg=(float)s[i].tot/3;

} printf("\n STUDENT REPORTS ARE\n\n\n");

for( i=0; i<n ; i++) {

printf("\n \n \n"); printf("\n ROLL NO = %d",s[i].sno); printf("\n NAME = %s",s[i].name); printf("\n TOTAL = %d",s[i].tot); printf("\n AVERAGE = %f",s[i].avg); }

getch(); }

INPUT:Enter no of students3OUTPUT:

Enter no name and marks of 3 subjects of 3 students;

STUDENT REPORTS ARE

ROLL NO = 1001 NAME = rama TOTAL = 265 AVERAGE = 88.333336

ROLL NO = 1002 NAME = krishna TOTAL = 247 AVERAGE = 82.333336

ROLL NO = 1003 NAME = ranga TOTAL = 190 AVERAGE = 63.333332

- 113 -

9.PROGRAMS USING STRUCTURES & UNIONS

AIM: Program to calculate the total, average of a given student

using pointers to tructures


struct student { int sno; char name[20]; int m1,m2,m3; int tot; float avg; };

main() {

struct student s,*p; clrscr(); p=&s; printf("\n Enter no name and marks of 3 subjects

of a student\n"); fflush(stdin); scanf("%d",&p->sno); fflush(stdin); gets(p->name); fflush(stdin); scanf("%d%d%d",&p->m1,&p->m2,&p->m3);

p->tot=p->m1+ p->m2 +p->m3; p->avg=(float)p->tot/3;

printf("\n STUDENT REPORT IS\n\n");

printf("\n ROLL NO = %d",p->sno);

B. WRITE A PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE THE WORKING OF POINTERS TO STRUCTURES TO CALCULATE THE TOTAL AND AVERAGE OF THE GIVEN STUDENT

- 114 - printf("\n NAME = %s",p->name); printf("\n TOTAL = %d",p->tot); printf("\n AVERAGE = %f",p->avg);

getch(); }

INPUT:

Enter no name and marks of 3 subjects of a student1001rama90 89 87OUTPUT:

STUDENT REPORT IS

ROLL NO = 1001 NAME = rama TOTAL = 266 AVERAGE = 88.666664

- 115 -9.PROGRAMS USING STRUCTURES & UNIONS

AIM: Program toprint tomorrows date if today’s darte is given

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h> struct date { int dd; int mm; int yy; }; void tommorrow( struct date *p) { int month[]={ 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31}; if((p->yy % 4 == 0 && p->yy % 100 != 0) ||

(p->yy % 400 == 0))month[1]=29;

if(p->dd<1 || p->dd > month[p->mm - 1] || p->mm < 1 || p->mm > 12 || p->yy < 0)

printf("\n Invalid date"); else {

p->dd++;if(p->dd > month[p->mm - 1]){ p->dd=1; p->mm++; if(p->mm >12) { p->mm=1; p->yy++; }

} } }

main() { struct date d,*p=&d; clrscr(); printf("\n Enter today date");

C. PROGRAM TO PRINT TOMORROWS DATE IF TO-DAYS DATE WAS GIVEN

- 116 - scanf("%d%d%d",&p->dd,&p->mm,&p->yy); tommorrow(p); getch(); }

INPUT:

Enter today date12 5 2007

- 117 -

10. Programs using Files

AIM:Program to create a file

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){ FILE *fp; char ch; clrscr(); fp = fopen("text.dat","w"); printf("Enter text ,to stop press Ctrl-Z\n"); while((ch=getchar())!=EOF) { fputc(ch,fp); } fclose(fp);

}INPUT:

Enter text ,to stop press Ctrl-ZThis is my first program in Clanguage to create a file.Bye.To see the contents of this fileopen text.dat in anyeditor program.^ZFile Saved on disk

text.dat:This is my first program in Clanguage to create a file.Bye.To see the contents of this fileopen text.dat in anyeditor program.

A. C PROGRAM TO CREATE A FILE

- 118 -

10. PROGRAMS USING FILES

AIM: Program to print the contens of the file on the monitor

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){ FILE *fp; char ch; clrscr(); fp = fopen("text.dat","r"); if(fp==NULL)

printf("No such file\n"); else { printf("File contents are:\n"); while(!feof(fp)) {

ch = fgetc(fp);putchar(ch);

} fclose(fp); } getch();}

INPUT:

Given text.datFile contents are:This is my first programin C to create a file with some text.ByeTo see the contents of the file open text.datin any editor.

Given example.dat No such file

B. C PROGRAM TO PRINT THE CONTENTS OF THE FILE ON THE MONITOR

- 119 -


AIM:Program to copy one file in to another

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){ FILE *fp; char ch; clrscr(); fp = fopen("example.dat","r"); if(fp==NULL)

printf("No such file\n"); else { printf("File contents are:\n"); while(!feof(fp)) {

ch = fgetc(fp);putchar(ch);

} fclose(fp); } getch();}

INPUT:

source file: text.datdestination file: example.datfile copied

C. C PROGRAM TO COPY ONE FILE INTO ANOTHER FILE

- 120 -


AIM: Program to create a file od students records

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>struct student{

int rno;char name[20];int marks;

};void main(){int i,n;struct student s;FILE *fp;clrscr();printf("How many records you want to store in the file\n");scanf("%d",&n);printf("Enter any %d student records\n",n);printf("For each record enter rollnumber,name and marks\n");fp = fopen("student.dat","wb");for(i=1;i<=n;i++){ printf("enter record\n"); scanf("%d",&s.rno); fflush(stdin); gets(s.name); scanf("%d",&s.marks); fwrite(&s,sizeof(s),1,fp);}fclose(fp);printf("file created\n");getch();}

D. C PROGRAM TO CREATE A FILE OF STUDENT RECORDS

- 121 -

INPUT:

How many records you want to store in the file2

Enter any 2 student recordsFor each record enter rollnumber,name and marks

OUTPUT:

enter record100rama rao600enter record200sita kumari500file created

- 122 -


AIM: Program to display student records by reading from a file

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>struct student{

int rno;char name[20];int marks;

};void main(){int i,n;struct student s;FILE *fp;clrscr();fp = fopen("student.dat","rb");while(fread(&s,sizeof(s),1,fp)==1){

printf("%d\t%s\t%d\n",s.rno,s.name,s.marks);}fclose(fp);getch();}

OUTPUT:

100 rama rao 600200 sita kumari 500

E. C PROGRAM TO DISPLAY STUDENT RECORDS BY READING FROM A FILE

- 123 -

11. Simple C++ Programs

AIM:

Program to print average of two numbers

#include<iostream.h>int main(){ float n1,n2,sum,avg; cout<<"enter two numbers"; cin>>n1; cin>>n2; sum=n1+n2; avg=sum/2; cout<<"sum= "<<sum<<"\n"; cout<<"Average ="<<avg<<"\n"; return 0;}

OUTPUT:

input: 10 20

30 15

A. Average of two

- 124 -11. Simple C++ Programs

AIM: Program to demonstrate scope resolution operator

#include<iostream.h>int m=10;int main(){ int m=20; { int k=m; int m=30; cout<<"we are in inner block"; cout<<"k= "<<k<<"\n"; cout<<"m= "<<m<<"\n"; cout<<"::m= "<<::m<<"\n"; } cout<<"we are in outer block"; cout<<"m= "<<m<<"\n"; cout<<"::m= "<<::m<<"\n";

return 0;}

OUTPUT:

we are in inner block 20 30 10

we are in outer block 20 10

B. Demonstration of scope resolution operator


AIM: Program to demonstrate multiple and division operation

using inline functions

#include<iostream.h> inline float mul(float x,float y) { return(x*y); } inline float div(float x,float y) { return(x/y); } int main() { float a=12.34; float b=9.82; cout<<mul(a,b)<<"\n"; cout<<div(a,b)<<"\n";

return 0; }

OUTPUT:

121.17,1.25

C. MUL and Div using inline functions

- 126 -

11. Simple C++ Programs

AIM:Program to calculate of volume of cube, cylinder,

rectangular box using Function overloading

// function overloading#include<iostream.h> int volume(int); double volume(double,int); long volume(long,int,int); int main() { cout<<volume(10)<<"\n"; cout<<volume(2.5,8)<<endl; cout<<volume(100l,75,15)<<"\n"; } int volume(int s) { return(s*s*s); } double volume(double r,int h) { return(3.14*r*r*h); } long volume(long l,int b,int h) { return(l*b*h); }

OUTPUT:

Output: 1000,157,112500

D. Calculation of volume of cube,cylinder,rectangular box


AIM: Program to find maximum number using function template

#include<iostream.h>#include<conio.h>template<class T>T maximum(T a,T b,T c){ T m=a; if(b>m) m=b; if(c>m) m=c; return m;}int main(){ int i1,i2,i3; clrscr(); cout<<"enter i1,i2,i3"; cin>>i1>>i2>>i3; cout<<maximum(i1,i2,i3)<<"\n"; float f1,f2,f3; cout<<"enter f1,f2,f3"; cin>>f1>>f2>>f3; cout<<maximum(f1,f2,f3)<<endl; char c1,c2,c3; cout<<"enter c1,c2,c3"; cin>>c1>>c2>>c3; cout<<maximum(c1,c2,c3)<<"\n"; return 0;}

OUTPUT:input:10 20 30output:30input:3.2 4.6 2.4output:4.6input:a w coutput:w

E. Program to find maximum number using function template

- 128 -12. Program using classes and objects

AIM: Program to demonstrate classes objects

#include<iostream.h>class item{ int number; float cost; public: void getdata(int a,float b); void putdata(void) { cout<<"number:"<<number<<"\n"; cout<<"cost:"<<cost<<endl; }};void item :: getdata(int a,float b){ number=a; cost=b;}int main(){ item x; cout<<"\n object x"<<"\n"; x.getdata(100,299.95); x.putdata(); item y; cout<<"\n object y"<<"\n"; y.getdata(200,175.50); y.putdata(); return 0;}

OUTPUT:

100 299.95200 175.50

A. Program to demonstrate class


AIM: Program to show the working of static data members

#include<iostream.h>class item{ static int count; int number; public: void getdata(int a) { number=a; count++; } void getcount(void) { cout<<"count: "; cout<<count<<"\n"; }};int item :: count;int main(){ item a,b,c; a.getcount(); b.getcount(); c.getcount(); a.getdata(100); b.getdata(200); c.getdata(300); cout<<" after reading data\n"; a.getcount(); b.getcount(); c.getcount(); return 0;}Results:

0,0,03,3,3

B. Program on working of static data member


AIM: Program to demonstrate working of static member

function

#include<iostream.h> class test { int code; static int count; public: void setcode(void) { code=++count; } void showcode(void) { cout<<"object number:"<<code<<"\n"; } static void showcount(void) { cout<<"count:"<<count<<"\n"; } }; int test :: count; int main() { test t1,t2; t1.setcode(); t2.setcode(); test::showcount(); test t3; t3.setcode(); test::showcount(); t1.showcode(); t2.showcode(); t3.showcode(); return 0; }OUTPUT:

C. Program to demonstrate static member function

- 131 -1,2,3


AIM: Program to demonstrate working friend functions

#include<iostream.h>class ABC;class XYZ{ int x; public: void setvalue(int i){x=i;} friend void max(XYZ,ABC); };class ABC{ int a; public: void setvalue(int i){a=i;} friend void max(XYZ,ABC); }; void max(XYZ m,ABC n) { if(m.x>=n.a) cout<<m.x; else cout<<n.a; } int main() { ABC abc; abc.setvalue(10); XYZ xyz; xyz.setvalue(20); max(xyz,abc); return 0; }

OUTPUT:

20

D. Program on friend function


AIM: Program to calculate addition of two complex numbers

using friend function

#include<iostream.h>class complex{ float x,y; public: void input(float real,float imag) {

x=real;y=imag;

} friend complex sum(complex,complex); void show(complex); }; complex sum(complex c1,complex c2) { complex c3; c3.x=c1.x+c2.x; c3.y=c1.y+c2.y; return(c3); } void complex::show(complex c) { cout<<c.x<<"+i"<<c.y<<"\n"; } int main() { complex A,B,C; A.input(3.1,5.65); B.input(2.75,1.2); C=sum(A,B); cout<<"A=";A.show(A); cout<<"B = ";B.show(B); cout<<"c=";C.show(C); return 0; }OUTPUT:

5.85+i6.85

E. Program on complex numbers addition using friend

- 134 -

12. Program using classes and objects

AIM: Program to calculate addition of two complex numbers

using copy constructors and friend function

#include<iostream.h>class complex{ float x,y; public: complex(){} complex(float a){x=y=a;} complex(float real,float imag) {x=real;y=imag;} friend complex sum(complex,complex); friend void show(complex); }; complex sum(complex c1,complex c2) { complex c3; c3.x=c1.x+c2.x; c3.y=c1.y+c2.y; return(c3); } void show(complex c) { cout<<c.x<<"+i"<<c.y<<"\n"; } int main() { complex A(2.7,3.5); complex B(1.6); complex C; C=sum(A,B); cout<<"A=";show(A); cout<<"B=";show(B); cout<<"C=";show(C); complex p,q,r; p=complex(2.5,3.9); q=complex(1.6,2.5); r=sum(p,q);

F. Program to perform complex numbers sum using friend, constructors

- 135 - cout<<endl; cout<<"p=";show(p); cout<<"q=";show(q); cout<<"r=";show(r); return 0; } OUTPUT:

4.3+i5.1,4.1+i6.4

- 136 -


AIM: Program to demonstrate working of constructors

#include<iostream.h>class code{int id;public: code(){} code(int a) { id=a;} code(code & x) { id=x.id; } void display(void) { cout<<id; }};int main(){ code A(100); code B(A); code C=A; code D; D=A; cout<<"\n id of A:";A.display(); cout<<"\n id of B:";B.display(); cout<<"\n id of C:";C.display(); cout<<"\n id of D:";D.display(); return 0;}

OUTPUT:100,100,100,100

G. Program to demonstrate constructors

- 137 -


AIM: Program to demonstrate working of string operations

#include<iostream.h>#include<string.h>

class String{ char *name; int length; public: String() { length=0; name=new char[length+1]; } String(char *s) { length=strlen(s); name=new char[length+1]; strcpy(name,s); } void display(void) { cout<< name <<"\n";} void join(String &a,String &b); }; void String::join(String &a,String &b) { length=a.length+b.length; delete name; name=new char[length+1]; strcpy(name,a.name); strcat(name,b.name); }; int main() { char *first="Ravi"; String name1(first),name2("Prasad"),name3("rajesh"),s1,s2; s1.join(name1,name2); s2.join(s1,name3);

H. Program to perform string operations

- 138 - name1.display(); name2.display(); name3.display(); s1.display(); s2.display(); return 0; }

OUTPUT: raviprasad,raviprasadrajesh

- 139 -


AIM: Program to read elements into a matrix and search for an

element in a matrix

#include<iostream.h>class matrix{ int **p; int d1,d2; public: matrix(int x,int y); void get_element(int i,int j,int value) { p[i][j]=value; } int & put_element(int i,int j) { return p[i][j]; }};matrix :: matrix(int x,int y) { d1=x; d2=y; p=new int *[d1]; for(int i=0;i<d1;i++) p[i]=new int[d2]; } int main() { int m,n; cout<< "enter size of matrix"; cin>>m>>n; matrix A(m,n); cout<<"enter matrix elements"; int i,j,value; for(i=0;i<m;i++) for(j=0;j<n;j++)

I. Program to perform matrix reading and search for element

- 140 - { cin>>value; A.get_element(i,j,value); } cout<<endl; cout<<A.put_element(1,2); return 0; }

OUTPUT:

input:3 3input:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9input:1,2

5

- 141 -


AIM: Program to demonstrate working of destructor in a class

#include<iostream.h>int count=0;class alpha{ public: alpha() { count++; cout<<"\n no of objects created"<<count; } ~alpha() { cout<<"\n no of objects destroyed"<<count; count--; }};int main(){ alpha A1,A2,A3,A4; { cout<<"enter block"; alpha A5; } { cout<<"enter block2"; alpha A6; } return 0;}

OUTPUT: object created:1,2,3,4,5destroyed:5created:5destroyed:5destroyed:4,3,2,1

J. Program to demonstrate destructor

- 142 -13. Program on operator overloading

AIM: Program t demonstrate working of unary minus operator

#include<iostream.h>class space{ int x; int y; int z;public: void getdata(int a,int b,int c); void display(void); void operator-();};void space::getdata(int a,int b,int c){ x=a; y=b; z=c;}void space::display(void){ cout<<x<<" "; cout<<y<<" "; cout<<z<<" ";}void space::operator-(){ x=-x; y=-y; z=-z;}

int main(){ space S; S.getdata(10,-20,30); cout<<"S:"; S.display(); -S;

A. Program to perform overloading on unary minus

- 143 - cout<<"S:"; S.display(); return 0;}

INPUT:10 -20 30

-10 20 -30


AIM: Program to demonstrate overloading of + operator

#include<iostream.h>class complex{ float x; float y;public: complex(){ } complex(float real,float imag) { x=real; y=imag;} complex operator+(complex); void display(void);};

complex complex::operator+(complex c){ complex temp; temp.x=x+c.x; temp.y=y+c.y; return(temp);}void complex::display(void){ cout<<x<<"+j"<<y<<"\n";}int main(){ complex C1,C2,C3; C1=complex(2.5,3.5); C2=complex(1.6,2.7); C3=C1+C2;

cout<<"C1=";C1.display(); cout<<"C2=";C2.display(); cout<<"C3=";C3.display(); return 0;}OUTPUT:c1=2.5+ j 3.5c2=1.6+j2.7 c3=4.1+j6.2

B. Program to perform overloading + operator


AIM: Program to demonstrate overloading operators using

friend functions

#include<iostream.h>const size=3;class vector{ int v[size];public: vector(); vector(int *x); friend vector operator*(int a,vector b); friend vector operator*(vector b,int a); friend istream & operator>>(istream &,vector &); friend ostream & operator>>(ostream &,vector &);};vector::vector(){ for(int i=0;i<size;i++) v[i]=0;}vector::vector(int *x){ for(int i=0;i<size;i++) v[i]=x[i];}vector operator *(int a,vector b){ vector c; for(int i=0;i<size;i++) c.v[i]=a*b.v[i]; return c;} vector operator *(vector b,int a){ vector c; for(int i=0;i<size;i++) c.v[i]=b.v[i]*a; return c;}

C. Program to perform overloading operators using friend functions

- 146 -istream & operator>>(istream &din,vector &b){ for(int i=0;i<size;i++) din>>b.v[i]; return(din);}ostream & operator<<(ostream &dout,vector &b){

dout<<"("<<b.v[0]; for(int i=1;i<size;i++) dout<<","<<b.v[i]; dout<<")"; return(dout);}

int x[size]={2,4,6};int main(){ vector m; vector n=x; cout<<"Enter elements of vector m"<<"\n"; cin>>m; cout<<"\n"; cout<<m; vector p,q; p=2*m; q=n*2; cout<<"\n"; // cout<<"p="<<p<<"\n"; // cout<<"q="<<q<<"\n"; cout<<p; cout<<q; return 0;}//input:5 10 15

OUTPUT:

m(5,10,15)p(10,20,30)q(4,8,12)


AIM: Program to demonstrate overloading of operator on

strings using friend function

#include<string.h>#include<iostream.h>class string{ char *p; int len; public: string(){len=0;p=0;} string(const char *s) { len=strlen(s); p=new char[len+1]; strcpy(p,s); } string(const string & s) { len=s.len; p=new char[len+1]; strcpy(p,s.p); } ~string(){delete p;} friend string operator+(const string &s,const string &t) { string temp; temp.len=s.len+t.len; temp.p=new char[temp.len+1]; strcpy(temp.p,s.p); strcat(temp.p,t.p); return(temp); } friend int operator<=(const string &s,const string &t); friend void show(const string s); }; int operator<=(const string &s,const string &t) { int m=strlen(s.p);

D. Program to perform mathematical operations on strings

- 148 - int n=strlen(t.p); if(m<=n) return(1); else return(0); } void show(const string s) { cout<<s.p; } int main()

{ string s1="ravi"; string s2="prasad"; string s3="rajesh"; string t1,t2,t3; t1=s1; t2=s2; t3=s1+s3; cout<<"\n t1=";show(t1); cout<<"\n t2=";show(t2); cout<<"\n"; cout<<"\n t3=";show(t3); cout<<"\n\n"; if(t1<=t3) { show(t1); cout<<"smaller than"; show(t3); cout<<"\n"; } else { show(t3); cout<<"smaller than"; show(t1); cout<<"\n"; } return 0; } OUTPUT:

raviprasadravirajeshravi smaller than ravirajesh

- 149 -

14. Program on inheritance

AIM: Program to demonstrate working of single inheritance

using public as access specifier

#include<iostream.h>class B{ int a; public: int b; void get_ab(); int get_a(void); void show_a(void);};class D : public B{ int c; public: void mul(void); void display(void);};void B :: get_ab(){ a=5;b=10;}int B::get_a(){ return a;}void B:: show_a(){ cout<<"a="<<a<<"\n";}void D::mul(){

A. Program to demonstrate single inheritance: public

- 150 - c=b*get_a();}void D::display(){ cout<<"a="<<get_a()<<"\n"; cout<<"b="<<b<<"\n"; cout<<"c="<<c<<"\n\n";}int main(){ D d; d.get_ab(); d.mul(); d.show_a(); d.display(); d.b=20; d.mul(); d.display(); return 0; } OUTPUT:

a=5a=5b=10c=50a=5b=20c=100

- 151 -14. Program on inheritance

AIM: Program to demonstrate single inheritance using private

as access specifier

#include<iostream.h>class B{ int a; public: int b; void get_ab(); int get_a(void); void show_a(void);};class D : private B{ int c; public: void mul(void); void display(void);};void B :: get_ab(){ cout<<"enter values for a and b"; cin>>a>>b;}int B::get_a(){ return a;}void B:: show_a(){ cout<<"a="<<a<<"\n";}void D::mul(){ get_ab(); c=b*get_a();}void D::display(){

B. Program to demonstrate single inheritance: private

- 152 - show_a();// cout<<"a="<<get_a()<<"\n"; cout<<"b="<<b<<"\n"; cout<<"c="<<c<<"\n\n";}int main(){ D d; // d.get_ab(); d.mul(); // d.show_a(); d.display(); // d.b=20; d.mul(); d.display(); return 0; }

OUTPUT:

input 5 10 output 5 10 50 input 12 20 output 12 20 240


AIM: Program to demonstrate multilevel inheritance

#include<iostream.h>class student{ protected: int roll_number; public: void get_number(int); void put_number(void);};void student::get_number(int a) { roll_number=a; }void student :: put_number() { cout<<"rollnumber:"<<roll_number<<"\n"; }class test : public student { protected: float sub1,sub2; public: void get_marks(float x,float y) {

sub1=x; sub2=y;

} void put_marks() {

cout<<"marks in sub1:"<<sub1<<"\n";cout<<"marks in sub2:"<<sub2<<"\n";

}}; class result :public test {

float total; public: void display() { total=sub1+sub2;

C. Program to demonstrate multilevel inheritance

- 154 - put_number(); put_marks(); cout<<"total="<<total<<"\n"; }};

int main() {

result student1; student1.get_number(111); student1.get_marks(75.0,59.8); student1.display(); return 0;

}

RESULT:rollnumber:111 marks in sub1 75marks in sub2:59.5total:134.5


AIM: Program to demonstrate multiple inheritances

#include<iostream.h>class M{ protected : int m; public : void get_m(int);};class N { protected: int n; public: void get_n(int); };class P:public M,public N{ public: void display(void) { cout<<"m="<<m<<"\n"; cout<<"n="<<n<<"\n"; cout<<"m*n"<<m*n<<"\n"; } }; void M :: get_m(int x) { m=x; } void N :: get_n(int y) { n=y; } int main() { P p; p.get_m(10); p.get_n(20); p.display();

D. Program to demonstrate multiple inheritances

- 156 - return 0; }

INPUT:

output:m=10n=20OUTPUT:

m*n=200

- 157 -15. Program on polymorphism

AIM: Program to demonstrate working of virtual base class

#include<iostream.h>class student{ protected: int roll_number; public : void get_number(int a) { roll_number=a; } void put_number(void) { cout<<"rollnumber :"<<roll_number<<"\n"; } }; class test : virtual public student { protected: float p1,p2; public: void get_marks(float x,float y) { p1=x; p2=y; } void put_marks(void) { cout<<"marks"<<"\n"<<"part1:"<<p1<<"\npart2:"<<p2<<endl; } }; class sports : public virtual student { protected : float score; public: void get_score(float s) {

A. Program to demonstrate virtual base class

- 158 -score=s;

} void put_score(void) { cout<<"sport wt:"<<score<<"\n"; } }; class INPUT: public test,public sports { float total; public:

void display(void){total=p1+p2+score;put_number();put_marks();put_score();cout<<"total score:"<<total<<"\n";}

}; int main() {

result s1;s1.get_number(678);s1.get_marks(77.5,57.5);s1.get_score(8.0);s1.display();return 0;

}

INPUT:rollno:678OUTPUT:

marks obtained:77.5 57.5sports wt:8total score:143

- 159 -

15. Program on polymorphism

AIM: Program to demonstrate working of constructors in

derived class

#include<iostream.h>class alpha{ int x; public: alpha(int i) { x=i; cout<<"alpha initialized\n"; } void show_x(void) { cout<<"x="<<x<<"\n"; } }; class beta { float y; public: beta(float j) { y=j; cout<<"beta initialized"; } void show_y(void) { cout<<"y="<<y<<"\n"; } }; class gamma : public alpha,public beta { int m,n; public: gamma(int a,float b,int c,int d): alpha(a),beta(b)

B. Program to demonstrate constructors in derived class

- 160 - {

m=c;n=d;

} void show_mn(void) {

cout<<"m="<<m<<"\n"<<"n="<<n<<"\n"; } }; int main() {

gamma g(5,10.27,20,30); cout<<"\n"; g.show_x(); g.show_y(); g.show_mn(); return 0; }

OUTPUT:

beta initialized alpha initialized gamma initialized x=5 y=10.27 m=20 n=30


AIM: Program to demonstrate working of pointers to objects

#include<iostream.h>class item{ int code; float price; public: void getdata(int a,float b) { code=a; price=b; } void show(void) { cout<<"code:"<<code<<"\n"; cout<<"price:"<<price<<"\n"; } }; const int size=2; int main() { item *p=new item[size]; item *d=p; int x,i; float y; for(i=0;i<size;i++) { cout<<"enter input"; cin>>x>>y; p->getdata(x,y); p++; } for(i=0;i<size;i++) { cout<<"item:"<<i+1<<"\n"; d->show(); d++; } return 0;

C. Program to demonstrate pointers to objects

- 162 - }

OUTPUT:

40 50050 60040 50050 600

- 163 -


AIM: Program to demonstrate working of ‘this’ pointer

#include<iostream.h>#include<string.h>class person{ char name[20]; float age; public: person(char *s,float a) { strcpy(name,s); age=a; } person & person::greater(person & x) { if(x.age>=age)

return x; else

return *this; } void display(void) { cout<<"name:"<<name<<"\n"; cout<<"age:"<<age<<"\n"; } }; int main() { person p1("ravi",78.90); person p2("prasad",56.49); person p3("rajesh",34.67); person p=p1.greater(p3); cout<<"elder person is:\n"; p.display(); p=p1.greater(p2); cout<<"elder person is:\n"; p.display(); return 0; }

D. Program to demonstrate this pointer

- 164 -

OUTPUT: elder person is: ravi 78.9 elder person is: ravi 78.9


AIM: Program to demonstrate working of virtual functions

#include<iostream.h>class Base{ public: void display() {cout<<"\n Display base";} virtual void show() { cout<<"\n show base";}};class Derived:public Base{ public: void display() { cout<<"\n Display derived";} void show() { cout<<"\n show derived";}};int main(){ Base B; Derived D; Base *bptr; cout<<"\n bptr points to Base \n"; bptr=&B; bptr->display(); bptr->show(); cout<<"\n\n bptr points to Derived\n"; bptr=&D; bptr->display(); bptr->show(); return 0;}OUTPUT:

bptr points to base display base show base bptr points to derived display base show derived */

E. Program to demonstrate virtual functions

- 166 -


AIM: Program to demonstrate working of runtime polymorphism

#include<iostream.h>#include<string.h>class media{ protected: char title[50]; float price; public: media(char *s,float a) { strcpy(title,s); price=a; } virtual void display(){ }};class book:public media{ int pages; public: book(char *s,float a,int p):media(s,a) { pages=p; } void display();};class tape:public media{ float time; public: tape(char *s,float a,float t):media(s,a) { time=t; } void display();};void book::display(){

F. Program to demonstrate runtime polymorphism

- 167 - cout<<"\n Title:"<<title; cout<<"\n Pages:"<<pages; cout<<"\n Price:"<<price;}void tape::display(){ cout<<"\n Title:"<<title; cout<<"\n play time:"<<time<<"mins"; cout<<"\n price:"<<price;}int main(){ char *title=new char[30]; float price,time; int pages;

cout<<"\n ENTER BOOK DETAILS\n"; cout<<"Title:";cin>>title; cout<<"Price:";cin>>price; cout<<"Pages:";cin>>pages; book book1(title,price,pages);

cout<<"\n ENTER TAPE DETAILS\n"; cout<<"Title:";cin>>title; cout<<"Price:";cin>>price; cout<<"Play time(mins):";cin>>time; tape tape1(title,price,time); media* list[2]; list[0]=&book1; list[1]=&tape1; cout<<"\n MEDIA DETAILS"; cout<<".......BOOK......"; list[0]->display(); cout<<"\n......TAPE...."; list[1]->display(); return 0;}

- 168 -

INPUT:ENTER BOOK DETAILSTile: AAAPrice :255Pages:100

ENTER TAPE DETIALSTile : BBBPrice : 75Play time (min): 60

MEDIA DETAILS

OUTPUT:

….. BOOK….

Tile: AAAPrice: 255Pages: 100

…..TAPE…..

Tile: BBBPrice: 75Play time (min): 60

- 169 -

16. Template programs

AIM: Program to demonstrate working of vector operations

using templates

#include<iostream.h>const size=3;template<class T>class vector{ T* v; public: vector() { v=new T[size]; for(int i=0;i<size;i++) v[i]=0; } vector(T* a) { for(int i=0;i<size;i++) v[i]=a[i]; } T operator*(vector &y) { T sum=0; for(int i=0;i<size;i++) sum+=this->v[i]*y.v[i]; return sum; }};int main(){ int x[3]={1,2,3}; int y[3]={4,5,6}; vector <int>v1; vector<int>v2; v1=x; v2=y; int R=v1*v2;

A. Program to perform vector operations using templates

- 170 - cout<<"R="<<R<<"\n"; return 0;}

OUTPUT:

r=32

- 171 -


AIM: Program to demonstrate working of bubble sort using

template functions

#include<iostream.h>template<class T>void bubble(T a[],int n){ for(int i=0;i<n-1;i++) for(int j=n-1;i<j;j--) if(a[j]<a[j-1]) { swap(a[j],a[j-1]); }}template<class X>void swap(X &a,X &b){ X temp=a; a=b; b=temp;}int main(){ int x[5]={10,50,30,40,20}; float y[5]={1.1,5.5,3.3,4.4,2.2}; bubble(x,5); bubble(y,5); cout<<"Stored x-array:"; for(int i=0;i<5;i++) cout<<x[i]<<" "; cout<<endl;

cout<<"Stored y-array:"; for(int j=0;j<5;j++) cout<<y[j]<<" "; cout<<endl; return 0;}

B. Program to perform bubble sort using template functions

- 172 -

OUTPUT:

10 20 30 40 501.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5

- 173 -


AIM: Program to calculate roots of equations using templates

#include<iostream.h>#include<iomanip.h>#include<math.h>template<class T>void roots(T a,T b,T c){ T d=b*b-4*a*c; if(d==0) { cout<<"R1=R2="<<-b/(2*a)<<endl; } else if(d>0) { cout<<"Roots are real\n"; float R=sqrt(d); float R1=(-b+R)/(2*a); float R2=(-b-R)/(2*a); cout<<"R1="<<R1<<"and"; cout<<"R2="<<R2<<endl; } else { cout<<"Roots are complex\n"; float R1=-b/(2*a); float R2=sqrt(-d)/(2*a); cout<<"Real part="<<R1<<endl; cout<<"Imaginary part="<<R2; cout<<endl; }}int main(){ cout<<"Integer coefficients\n"; roots(1,-5,6); cout<<"\n Float coefficients\n"; roots(1.5,3.6,5.0); return 0;}

C. Program to calculate roots of equations using

- 174 -

OUTPUT:

Roots are realR1 = 2.5R2 = 2.5Roots are complexReal part = -1.2

Imaginary part = 1.375

- 175 -17. Exception handling

AIM: Program to demonstrate working of exception handling

#include<iostream.h>

void divide(int x,int y,int z){ cout<<"\n we are inside the function\n"; if((x-y)!=0) { int R=z/(x-y); cout<<"Result="<<R<<"\n"; } else { throw(x-y); }}int main(){ try { cout<<"we are inside the try block\n"; divide(10,20,30); divide(10,10,20); } catch(int i) { cout<<"caught the exception\n"; } return 0;}

OUTPUT:

result =-3 caught the exception

A. Program on exception handling

c,c++ labmanual 08

Documents

perform bubble

represent

demonstrate

represent

user defined

conditional

decrement

calculate