環保產業之現況與發展評析 - 崑山科技大學...

Standard Industry Classification, SICEBI3314SICharmonized code systems

1.Environmental Business International, 2007 2. Vol.24 No.8pp22-252007

-(1/3)

(Environmental Business International, 2007)

-(2/3)


-(3/3)


DSM

1993~2010 ()


2003 2004 2003~2004 228.7 240.8 5.3% 172.4 180.0 4.4% 96.1 98.8 2.8% 33.6 38.0 13.1% 4.1 4.4 9.1% 11.0 12.1 10.3% 16.0 16.5 2.9%/ 9.6 10.1 5.3%/ 11.8 13.0 9.7% 8.3 9.4 13.6% 4.6 5.5 19.4% 596.0 628.5 5.5%

- ()

/


36%

31%

16%

17%

33%

38%

19%

10%

2005 2010


- ()

2003 2004 2004

& 46.7 51.3 9.90%

39 40.2 3.00%

7.2 7.5 3.90%

32.1 33 2.80%

3.4 3.5 1.60%

124.2 128.2 3.20%

21 21.3 1.70%

33.8 35.4 4.60%

36.3 39.1 7.80%

4.4 4.6 3.70%

83 87.7 5.70%

91.9 96.7 5.30%

39.1 43.1 10.00%

34 37 9.10%

596.1 628.6 5.50%

&


(Public Awareness and Pressure)(Government Policy Stated)(Legislation Enacted) (Regulations Promulgated and Agency Empowered)(Enforcement Creates Market for Environmental Firms) ---(Proactive Effort to Circumvent Regulation & Liability)---(Internalization and Integration of Environmental Efforts)---

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

---,

------(EHS)

---&

20072,693

47.4%23.2%29.4%

2.7~3.5%

2004 2005 2006 2007

0.5% 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 4.5% 33.6 34.5 35.4 36.3 3.0% 45.1 46.4 47.7 49.0 0.7% 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.6 1.0% 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.5 3.5% 20.3 20.6 21.2 21.5

119.6 122.2 125.2 127.7

4.5% 23.6 24.8 26.1 26.5 2.5% 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3 1.0% 19.1 19.3 19.6 19.8 2.2% 9.5 9.7 9.9 10.2 5.0% 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7

57.7 59.5 61.4 62.5

3.5% 33.8 34.9 36.1 37.3 2.0% 19.6 20.0 20.5 21.1 9.0% 14.3 16.3 18.5 20.9

67.7 71.2 75.1 79.3

3.4% 244.92.9%

253.03.3%

261.83.5%

269.3 2.9%


20102,900

020406080

100120140160180200220240260280300320

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

(

)


20(Brownfields)9%NOxSOxHg

2006-20085.2%

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

(

)

20041,800

3.3%

20082,050

20102,187


2004

26%

17%

15%

10%

7%

15%

17%

26%

2%

2%

2%

1%

1%

1%

0%

0%

10%

5%

7%

3%

3%

3%

2%


EMAS

ISO14000

WEEE

RoHS

REACHEuP

107

5028

GHG

ISO 9000:2000 ISO 14001

OHSAS 18001ISO/IEC 17799

ISO/IEC 17025

SA 8000 /ISO 26000

RoHSWEEE

EuP

REACHGHG

GRI

ECA

EPD/LCA

DfE

&

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

()


1997() 2004() 5,820 5,200 3,370 3,000 1,050 900 9,280 7,500 530 500 30,190 29,800 4,020 3,800& 1,140 1,200 530 780 520 500(&) 9,890 9,900 12,440 12,700 10,400 10,200& 0 12,820 89,180 98,800

(Environmental Business International, EBI)3314EBI6,2855.5%450.72%5.0%201061.8201018

5139.9%

1,2827.8%

96710%

(185, 15%)

(331, 26%)

(742, 59%)

(2004)

2006

1,258

10


GDP

Environmental Business International, 2007GDP International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2008

Subject Descriptor Units 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Gross domestic product, current prices

U.S. Billiondollars

276.3 298.8 321.4 291.9 297.7 305.4 331.1 356.2 365.5 383.3 409.0 443.4 485.3

U.S. Billiondollars

3.2 3.25 3.44 3.54 3.65 4.04 4.5 4.84 5.08 5.34 5.6 5.88 6.18

(%) 1.158 1.088 1.070 1.213 1.226 1.323 1.359 1.359 1.390 1.393 1.369 1.326 1.273

GDP

Environmental Business International, 2007GDP International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2008

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

GDP(%)

(2004)

1,000

1,100

1,200

1,300

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

(

)

-

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

(

)

EBI200750.34(1,540)1,25820061,07220051,0913473332845

()

()

40

19901985 1995 2000 2005

WEEE/RoHS

EuP

http://www.epeat.net

Update: 2009/03/06

42

EPEAT CriteriaEnvironmental performance categories Required Optional

1.Reduction/Elimination of Environmentally Sensitive Materials

3 8

2.Material Selection 3 3

3.Design for End of Life 6 5

4.Product Longevity/ Life Extension 2 2

5.Energy Conservation 1 3

6.End of Life Management 2 1

7.Corporate Performance 3 2

8.Packaging 3 4

Summary 23 28

BRONZE 23 0

Silver 23 14(50%)

Gold 23 21(75%)

Only can loss 7 optional scores for Gold

43

PUSH

PULL

44

()()

()

(//)

/

*>20//

**

WEEE RoHS EuP

45http://www.cdproject.net/sc_members.asp

http://www.eicc.info/membership.html

47

Greenpeace 8th ranking criteriaToxic Chemicals(18) E-waste(15) Energy(18)

C1.Precautionary Principle 3 W1. Support for Individual Producer Responsibility

3 E1.Support for global mandatory reduction of GHG emissions

3

C2.Chemicals Management 3 W2. Provides effective voluntary takeback where no EPR laws

3 E2.Disclosure of carbon footprint (GHG emissions) of companys own operations and two stages of the product supply chain

3

C3.PVC and BFR phaseout + Timeline

63

W3. Provides info for individual customers on takeback in all countries where sales of product

3 E3.Commitment to reduce GHG emissions from a companys own operations with timelines

3

C4.Phase out of additional substances with timeline(s)

1.All phthalates 2.Beryllium(Be)3.Antimony(Sb)

3 W4. Reports on amount of WEEE recycled

3 E4.Amount of renewable energy used as proportion of total electricity use in own operations

3

C5.PVC-free and/or BFR-free models (product systems) on the market

(double points)

6 W5. Use of recycled plastic content across all products and timelines for increasing content

3 E5.Energy efficiency of New Models of specified products

(double points)

6

changed new

Total scores=51 (new:24,original:30-3=27,combine PVC/BFR Timelines), then re-calculated to give a mark out of 10 for simplicity .

48

NokiaDell

Sony EricssonSamsung

SonyHP

LGEPanasonic

ToshibaFujitsu-Siemens

AppleAcer

Motorola

RoHSEuP

REACH

/

PVC

--

O

EM

/OD

M

3%

PVCfree

EuP

2,400/

() A B C

*()

49

50

Regulations

greenpeaceEU Eco-labellingCal.

Brand name co.

ODM/OEM

Tier 1 suppliers

Tier n suppliers

Material and chemical suppliers

mostly SMEs

Supply Chain System

51

HSF

OEMODM

RoHS

()

/

EEE6 PBBsPBDEs 20067

BFRsPVCSbBe

BFRsPVCSbBe

52

()

Eco-Profile

BO

M

Cu: a g, Epoxy: b g,Glass : c g..

Eco-ProfileAir/Water/Material/Fuel/WasteDust: d mgCO: e mgCO2: f mg..

1(1200)

2(1000)

3(800)

ER

P

LCMPortal

OEM

ODMOBM LCA DATA

Vendor

53

Boustead Model

LCM

Tier 1

Tier 2

PP

LCA

//

ABS

EuP

ERP

EuP

PPPP

PCBPCB

ABSABS

.

RoHS

PDM

54

5555

Walmart Sustainability Index

1.Measure Corporate GHG emissions2.Report GHG emissions to CDP3.Total GHG emissions reported

(Total metric tons CO2e-CDP6, 2b)4.Public GHG reduction targets

(% or # and target date)

1.Measure Corporate GHG emissions2.Report GHG emissions to CDP3.Total GHG emissions reported

(Total metric tons CO2e-CDP6, 2b)4.Public GHG reduction targets

(% or # and target date)

Energy and Climate (4)Energy and Climate (4)

12. 100% Know the Location of facilities 13. Evaluate facilities quality & capacity14. Process for Social compliance15. Resolve issues and document specific

corrections and improvements16. Community development activities

12. 100% Know the Location of facilities 13. Evaluate facilities quality & capacity14. Process for Social compliance15. Resolve issues and document specific

corrections and improvements16. Community development activities

People & Community (5)People & Community (5) Solid waste generated (to landfill)

5.Report total amount/year6.Public available reduction targets

Water use (invoice or billing statement)7.Report total amount/year8.Public available reduction targets(% or # and target date)

Solid waste generated (to landfill)5.Report total amount/year6.Public available reduction targets

Water use (invoice or billing statement)7.Report total amount/year8.Public available reduction targets(% or # and target date)

Material Efficiency (4)Material Efficiency (4)

9. 100% Know the Country of materials/parts purchased

10. Public available sustainability purchasing guidelines

11. 3rd Party Certifications(Energy Star, EPEAT)

9. 100% Know the Country of materials/parts purchased

10. Public available sustainability purchasing guidelines

11. 3rd Party Certifications(Energy Star, EPEAT)

Natural Resources (3)Natural Resources (3)

環保產業之現況與發展評析 - 崑山科技大學...

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