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P A router is a special type of computer.

It has the same basic components as a standard

desktop PC.

However, routers are designed to perform some veryspecific functions.

Just as computers need operating systems to run

software applications.

routers need the Internetwork Operating Systemsoftware (IOS) to run configuration files.

These configuration files contain the instructions and

parameters that control the flow of traffic in and out of

the routers.

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P

PRouters Two types routers

1. Fixed Router:

In this type router the ports are fixed We cant add or remove the ports

Ex: 2500 Series Router

2. Modular Router:

In this type of router we can add or

remove

the ports.

Ex: 3640 Router

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P

Serial WAN ports can be fixed

Fixed Interfaces

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P

WAN Interface Card

Modular Interfaces

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P

Different Types Ports in a Router

1. Ethernet Port - To connect LAN

2. Serial Port - To connect WAN through MODEM

3. BRI /PRI - To connect WAN without MODEM

4. Console Port - To access the IOS (direct)

5. AUX - To access the IOS from WAN through

MODEM

6. VTY - To access (TELNET) the IOS from LAN

PCs

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P

Different Types Ports in a Router

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P

Access IOS

1. Using Console Port (direct)

2. Using Aux Port from WAN through MODEM

3. Using VTY (TELNET) from LAN PCs

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P

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PStep 1: Start All Programs Accessories Communications HyperTerminal

Step 2: Open HyperTerminal Folder

Step 3: Describe Connection

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PStep 4: Select COM port to be used

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P

Step 5: Select properties

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P

Connect Disconnect

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Router Memory

IOSStarting

Config

Or

Saved

Config

Running

Config

POST

BOOT

-STRAP

MINI-IOS

ROM-

MONITOR

ROM RAM NVRAM FLASH

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P

ROM Memory

POST

BOOT

-STRAP

MINI-IOS

ROM-

MONITOR

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Running

Config

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Starting

Config

Or

Saved

Config

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P

Flash Memory

IOS

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IOS Startup Process

1. Run the POST.

2. Find the IOS.

3. Load the IOS to RAM.

4. Find the Configuration .

5. Load the Configuration to RAM

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P

Boot Process

IOSStarting

Config

Or

Saved

Config

Running

Config

POST

BOOT

-STRAP

MINI-IOS

ROM-

MONITOR

ROM RAM NVRAM FLASH

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P

Different Booting Method

1. Normal Mode.

2. Setup Mode

3. Mini-IOS Mode

4. Rom-monitor Mode

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P

Different Booting Method

1. Normal Mode:

When proper IOS at FLASH and proper content in

NVRAM.

2. Setup Mode:When proper IOS at FLASH and there is no

proper content in NVRAM.

3. Mini-IOS Mode:

When IOS is corrupted in FLASH. It is used toload new IOS file.

4. Rom-monitor Mode:

It used troubleshoot router when it is not

working well.

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P

Cisco IOS software delivers networkservices and enables networkedapplications.

Cisco Internetwork Operating

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P

Router >

Router #

Router (config) #

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Overview of Router Modes

Router(config)#

Router>enable

Router#config term

Exit

Ctrl-Z (end)

User EXEC mode

Privileged EXEC mode

Global configuration

mode

ConfigurationMode Prompt

Interface Router(config-if)#

Line Router(config-line)#

Router Router(config-router)#

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P

User Mode:

We can view some basic configuration only.

Privilege Mode:

We can view all configuration and save the

configuration.

Global Mode:

We can configure and edit only.

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P

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Router Modes

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P

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P

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CLI Command Modes

All command-line interface (CLI) configuration

changes to a Cisco router are made from the

global configuration mode.

Global configuration mode commands are used in

a router to apply configuration statements that

affect the system as a whole.

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P

PUser mode is indicated with the '>' next tothe router name. You can look at settings

but can not make changes from user mode.

In Privilege mode (indicated by the '#', you

can do anything). To get into privilege mode

the keyword is ENABLE

Router>Router>enable

Password:Router#

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P

Router#show ?access-expression List access expressionaccess-lists List access lists

backup Backup statuscdp CDP informationclock Display the system clockcls DLC user informationcompress Show compression statisticsconfiguration Contents of Non-Volatile memory

--More--

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P

P

The show version command gives you a lot more

information than at first you may think. Use show

version to obtain critical information, such as:

1. Router platform type

2. Operating system revision

3. Operating system last boot time

4. File location

5. Amount of memory6. Number of interfaces

7. Configuration register.

Command

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P

Command

Router_ch#show versionCisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguyeImage text-base: 0x03050C84, data-base: 0x00001000

ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)

Router_ch uptime is 20 minutesSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is "flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin"(output omitted)

--More--

Configuration register is 0x2102

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P

P

To view the status of any routing

protocols currently configured on the

router, use the show protocols

command.

Router>show protocolsGlobal values:Internet Protocol routing is enabledBRI0 is administratively down, line protocol is DownEthernet0 is administratively down, line protocol is DownSerial0 is administratively down, line protocol is Down

Command

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P

PFlash memory is a special kind of memory on

the router that contains the operating system

image file(s). Unlike regular router memory,

Flash memory continues to maintain the file

image even after power is lost.

Router>show flash

System flash directory:File Length Name/status1 3015588 c2500.bin[3015652 bytes used, 1178652 available, 4194304 total]4096K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)

Command

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P

P

The currently active configuration script running on

the router is referred to as the running-configon the

routers command-line interface. Note the privilege

mode required. The running configuration script is

automatically saved on a Cisco router, and will

be lost in the event of a power failure. The running

configuration must be manually saved with thecopycommand (discussed in a later lab).

Command

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PRouter>Router>enableRouter#show running-configBuilding configuration...

Current configuration:!version 12.0!

hostname Router!interface Serial0no ip addressshutdown!interface BRI0no ip addressshutdown!interface Ethernet0no ip addressshutdown!line con 0line aux 0line vty 0 4

!end

Command

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P

As soon as the key is pressed,

the prompt changes from the default

host name (Router) to the newly

configured host name (which is Lab1in the example above).

Router(config)#hostname Lab1Lab1(config)#

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P

P

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A message-of-the-day (MOTD) banner can be

displayed on all connected terminals.

Lab1(config)# banner motd # You haveentered a secure system, authoriziedaccess ONLY #

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P

Usermode Password

1. Enable Password

2. Enable secret Password

Privillege Mode password

1. Console Password

2. Aux password

3. Vty password

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P

Router#config t

Router(config)#enable password abc

The enable passwordcontrols access to privilege mode.

This is a VERY important password because in privilege

mode you can make configuration changes.

It store the password in clear text.

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P

Enable secret Password

Router#conf t

Router(config)#enable secret xyz

If you have both password, the enable secret

is the password used

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PPasswords restrict access to routers.

Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#password xyzco

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P

If configuring a router via a modem you are

most likely connected to the aux port.

From Remote Network.

Router(config)#line aux 0

Router(config-line)#login

Router(config-line)#password xyzau

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P A password must be set on one or more of the virtualterminal (VTY) lines for users to gain remote access to the

router using Telnet.

Typically Cisco routers support five VTY lines numbered 0through 4.

Same password on all of the VTY lines:

Router(config)#line vty 0 4Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#password xyzvt

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P

(Automatic scrolling of long lines).

Move to the beginning of the command line.

Move to the end of the command line.

Move back one word.

Move forward one character.

Move back one character.

Move forward one word.

Using Enhanced Editing Commands

Delete a single character.

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P

Reviewing Router Command History

Router> show history Show command buffer contents

Router> terminal history size lines Set session command buffer size

Ctrl-P or Up arrow Last (previous) command recall

Ctrl-N or Down arrow More recent command recall

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P

Disabling or Enabling an Interface

#config t

(config)#interface serial 0

(config-if)#no shutdown

3-UPDOWN: Interface Seria0, changed state to upROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line Protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to up

fig t

fig)#interface serial 0

fig-if)#shutdownANGED: Interface Serial0, changed state to administratively down-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down

Administratively turns off an interface

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P

Configuring Interface

Enterglobal

Config mode

Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#

Router(config)#interface fa 0/0Router(config-if)#

Router#config tRouter(config)#

Router(config-if)#description lan for chennaiRouter(config-if)#

Specify

interface

Set ip address

Description(recommended)

Turn On

the Port

Router(config-if)#no shut

Router(config-if)#exit

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P

P An interface needs an IP Address and a Subnet

Mask to be configured.

All interfaces are shutdown by default.

Router#config tRouter(config)#int fa 0/0

Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#exitRouter#

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P

Configuring a Serial Interface

Enter globalconfiguration mode

Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000Router(config-if)#

Router(config)#interface s 0/1Router(config-if)#

Router#config tRouter(config)#

Router(config-if)#bandwidth 64Router(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#exitRouter#

Specify interface

Set clock rate(on DCE interfacesonly)

Set bandwidth(recommended)

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P

PThe DCE end of a serial interface needs a clock

rate .

Router#config tRouter(config)#interface serial 0/1Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.240Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000Router(config-if)#bandwidth 64

Router(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config)#exitRouter#

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P

Router#show interface serial 0Serial0 is up, line protocol is upHardware is HD64570Internet address is 10.140.4.2/24MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)Last input 00:00:09, output 00:00:04, output hang neverLast clearing of "show interface" counters neverInput queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0Queueing strategy: weighted fairOutput queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)

Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total)Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)

5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

(output omitted)

Verifying Your Changes

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PRouter#show interfacesEthernet0 is up, line protocol is upHardware is Lance, address is 00e0.1e5d.ae2f (bia 00e0.1e5d.ae2f)Internet address is 10.1.1.11/24MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)

ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00Last input 00:00:07, output 00:00:08, output hang neverLast clearing of "show interface" counters neverQueueing strategy: fifoOutput queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

81833 packets input, 27556491 bytes, 0 no bufferReceived 42308 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles1 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 1 ignored, 0 abort0 input packets with dribble condition detected55794 packets output, 3929696 bytes, 0 underruns0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets0 babbles, 0 late collision, 4 deferred0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

Verifying Your Changes

Examining the show

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Examining the showCommands

There are many show commands that can be used to examine the contents of

files in the router and for troubleshooting.

show interfaces Displays all the statistics for all the interfaces on the router.showint s0/1 Displays statistics for interface Serial 0/1show controllers serial Displays information-specific to the interface hardwareshow clock Shows the time set in the routershow hosts Displays a cached list of host names and addressesshow users Displays all users who are connected to the routershow history Displays a history of commands that have been enteredshow flash Displays info about flash memory and what IOS files are stored thereshow version Displays info about the router and the IOS that is running in RAM

show ARP Displays the ARP table of the routershow start Displays the saved configuration located in NVRAMshow run Displays the configuration currently running in RAMshow protocol Displays the global and interface specific status of any configured

Layer 3 protocols

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Saving Configurations

Router#Router#copy running-config startup-config

Destination filename [startup-config]?Building configuration

Router#

Router#Router#copy running-config startup-config

Destination filename [startup-config]?Building configuration

Router#

Copy the current configuration to NVRAM

G hi S b l

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P

P

WAN cloud

Accessserver

ISDNswitch

Data Service Unit/Channel Service Unit

Web Server

Graphic Symbols

Bridge Switch Router

Ethernet Serial LineFast Ethernet

DSU/CSU

File ServerPersonalcomputer

Modem

VLAN(Color May Vary)

Hub Network Cloud orBroadcast Domain

Circuit Switched

Line

Multi-layerswitch

Networkswitch

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P

Configurations can comefrom many sources

Configurations will act indevice memor

Console port

Auxiliary port

Interfaces

PC or Unix server

Web or NetworkManagementserver

Virtual terminal

External Configuration

SourcesTelnet

TFTP

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Interpreting Interface

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PP

Router#show interfaces serial 1

Serial1 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is HD64570

Description: 64Kb Line to San Jose:: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: ::

Operational..................

Connection problem...

Interface problem........Disabled ......................

Serial1 is up, line protocol is up

Serial1 is up, line protocol is down

Serial1 is down, line protocol is downSerial1 is administratively down, line protocol is down

KeepalivesCarrier Detect

Interpreting InterfaceStatus

Serial Interface show

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PP

Serial Interface showcontrollerCommand

Router#show controller serial 0

HD unit 0, idb = 0x121C04, driver structure at 0x127078

buffer size 1524 HD unit 0, V.35 DTE cable

.

.

.

Router#show controller serial 0

HD unit 0, idb = 0x121C04, driver structure at 0x127078

buffer size 1524 HD unit 0, V.35 DTE cable

.

.

.

Shows cable type of serial cables

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PP

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PP

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Objectives

Upon completion of this chapter, youwillbe able to perform the following tasks:

Gather information about neighbordevices

Gather information about remote devices

Create a simple network diagram todocument the network

Determine the location from which a

configuration and IOS image will be

Cisco Discovery

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Cisco DiscoveryProtocol

A proprietary utility that gives you a summary of directlyconnected switches, routers, and other Cisco devices

CDP discovers neighbor devices regardless of whichprotocol suite they are running

Physical media must support the Subnetwork AccessProtocol (SNAP) encapsulation

Upper-Layer EntryAddresses

Cisco Proprietary

Data-Link Protocol

Media SupportingSNAP

TCP/IP NovellIPX

CDP discovers and shows information about

directly connected Cisco devices

ATM OthersLANsFrameRelay

AppleTalk Others

Discovering Neighbors

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Runs on routers with Cisco IOS10.3 or later and Cisco switchesand hubs

Summary informationincludes:

Device identifiers

Address list

Port identifier

Capabilities list

Platform

CDP

show cdp

CDP

CDP

Discovering Neighborswith CDP

U i CDP

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Using CDP

SwitchBRouterA RouterBSwitchA

10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2

10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2

S0S1

RouterA#sh cdp ?

entry Information for specific neighbor entry

interface CDP interface status and configuration

neighbors CDP neighbor entries

traffic CDP statistics

RouterA(config)#no cdp run

RouterA(config)#interface serial0

RouterA(config-if)#no cdp enable

Using the show cdp

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SwitchA also provides its Mac address

Using the show cdpneighborCommand

RouterA#sh cdp neighbors

Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge

S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater

Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port IDRouterB Ser 0 148 R 2522 Ser 1

SwitchA0050BD855780 Eth 0 167 T S 1900 2


10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2

10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2

S0S1

Using the show cdp entry

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Using the show cdp entryCommand

RouterA#sh cdp entry *

-------------------------

Device ID: RouterB

Entry address(es):

IP address: 10.1.1.2

Platform: cisco 2522, Capabilities: Router

Interface: Serial0, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial1Holdtime : 168 sec

Version :

Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software

IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fci)

Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.

Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguye


10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2

10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2

S0S1

Additional CDP

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Additional CDPCommands

RouterA#sh cdp traffic

CDP counters :

Packets output: 56, Input: 38

Hdr syntax: 0, Chksum error: 0, Encaps failed: 3

No memory: 0, Invalid packet: 0, Fragmented: 0

RouterA#sh cdp interface

BRI0 is administratively down, line protocol is down

Encapsulation HDLC

Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds

Holdtime is 180 seconds


10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2

10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2

S0S1

Using Telnet to Connect

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Using Telnet to Connectto Remote Devices

Remote device


10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2

10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2

S0S1

RouterA#telnet 10.2.2.2Trying 10.2.2.2 ... Open

-------------------------------------------------

Catalyst 1900 Management Console

Copyright (c) Cisco Systems, Inc. 1993-1998

All rights reserved.

Enterprise Edition Software

Ethernet Address: 00-90-86-73-33-40

PCA Number: 73-2239-06

PCA Serial Number: FAA02359H8K

Model Number: WS-C1924-EN

System Serial Number: FAA0237X0FQ

.

.

SwitchB>

Viewing Telnet

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gConnections


10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2

10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2

S0S1

RouterA#sh sessionConn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name

1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.2 0 1 10.1.1.2

* 2 10.3.3.2 10.3.3.2 0 0 10.3.3.2

RouterA#sh userLine User Host(s) Idle Location

* 0 con 0 10.1.1.2 3

10.3.3.2 2

11 vty 0 idle 1 10.1.1.2

S di T l t S i

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Suspending a Telnet Session


10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2

10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2

S0S1

RouterB#x

RouterA#sh session

Conn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name

1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.2 0 1 10.1.1.2

RouterA#resume 1

RouterB#

Closing a Telnet Session

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RouterA#disconnect

Closing connection to 10.3.3.2 [confirm]

RouterA#clear line 11[confirm]

[OK]

Closing a Telnet Session

Closing a session opened by aremote device

Closing the currentsession opened by you


10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2

10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2

S0S1

Using the ping and trace

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Using theping and traceCommands

Test connectivity and path to a remote device

Router##ping 10.1.1.10

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.10, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 ms

Router#trace 10.1.1.10

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 10.1.1.10

1 10.1.1.10 4 msec 4 msec 4 msecRouter#

eterm n ng t e urrentC fi ti R i t

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Configuration Register

Valuewg_ro_a#show version

Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software

IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.

Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguye

Image text-base: 0x03050C84, data-base: 0x00001000

ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWARE

BOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutes

System restarted by reload

System image file is "flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin"

--More--

Configuration register is 0x2102

Configuration register value in show version


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Co gu a o eg s eValues

Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set boot option

Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0x2102

[Ctrl-Z]

Router#reload


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g gValues

Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set bootoption

Configuration RegisterBoot Field Value

0x0

Meaning

Use ROM monitor mode(Manually boot using the bcommand)


[Ctrl-Z]

Router#reload


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g gValues



0x0

0x1

Meaning


Automatically boot from ROM(Provides IOS subset)


[Ctrl-Z]

Router#reload


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g gValues


0x0

0x2 to 0xF

0x1

Meaning


Examine NVRAM for bootsystemcommands (0x2 defaultif router has Flash)

Automatically boot from ROM(Provides IOS subset)


[Ctrl-Z]

Router#reload

Loading the IOS from Flash

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Loading the IOS from Flash

Flash

IOS

IOSshow flash

Flash file is decompressed into RAM

Console

RAM

show flash Command

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show flash Command

wg_ro_a#sh flash

System flash directory:File Length Name/status

1 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin

[10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total]

16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)

wg_ro_a#sh flash

System flash directory:File Length Name/status

1 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin

[10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total]

16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)

show running and show

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gstartup Commands

wg_ro_c#show startup-config

Using 1359 out of 32762 bytes

!

version 12.0!

-- More --

wg_ro_c#show running-config

Building configuration...

Current configuration:!

version 12.0

!

-- More --

In NVRAMIn RAM

Display current and saved configuration

Sources of Configurations

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ConfigConfig

RAM NVRAM

NVRAM

copy running startup

copy startup running (merge)


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ConfigConfig

RAM NVRAM

NVRAM

Terminal



config term

(merge)

Sources of ConfigurationsSources of Configurations

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Sources of ConfigurationsSources of Configurations

ConfigConfig

Console

RAM NVRAM

NVRAM

Terminal

TFTP server



TFTPserver

copy start tftp

copy tftp start

copy run tftp

copy tftp run

(merge)

config term

(merge)


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ConfigConfig

Console

RAM NVRAM

NVRAM Terminal

TFTP server

Erase Start



TFTPserver

Blank

000000000000

erasestart

config term

(merge)

copy tftp run

(merge) copy tftp start

copy start tftpcopy run tftp

copy run tftp and copy tftp

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py p py prun Commands

wg_ro_a#copy running-config tftp

Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1

Destination filename [running-config]? wgroa.cfg

.!!

1684 bytes copied in 13.300 secs (129 bytes/sec)

wg_ro_a#copy tftp running-config


Source filename []? wgroa.cfg

Destination filename [running-config]?

Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/wgroa.cfg...

Loading wgroa.cfg from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0): !

[OK - 1684/3072 bytes]


wg_ro_a#copy running-config tftp


Destination filename [running-config]? wgroa.cfg

.!!


wg_ro_a#copy tftp running-config


Source filename []? wgroa.cfg

Destination filename [running-config]?

Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/wgroa.cfg...

Loading wgroa.cfg from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0): !

[OK - 1684/3072 bytes]


Cisco IOS File Systems and

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yDevices

RAM NVRAM

TFTPserverFlash

flash:

system: nvram:

tftp:

Managing IOS Images

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Managing IOS Images

Networkserver

FLASHFLASH

Router

c2500-js-l_120-3.bin

Network

server

Preparing for a Network

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Backup Image

Check access to the server

Router

Network

server


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Backup Image


Check space available on the server

Router

Network

server


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Backup Image



Check file naming convention

Router

c2500-js-l_120-3.bin

Network

server


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Backup Image

Router

c2500-js-l_120-3.bin

Network

server



Check file naming convention

Create file on server if required

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Creating a Software Image

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wg_ro_a#copy flash tftp

Source filename []? c2500-js-l_120-3.binAddress or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1

Destination filename [c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]?

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


wg_ro_a#

Backup

Back up current files prior to updating Flash

Networkserver

FLASHFLASH

copy flash tftp

Upgrading the Image from

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wg_ro_a#copy tftp flash

Address or name of remote host [10.1.1.1]?Source filename []? c2500-js-l_120-3.bin

Destination filename [c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]?

Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/c2500-js-l_120-3.bin...

Erase flash: before copying? [confirm]

Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm]

Erasing device... eeeee (output omitted) ...erased

Erase of flash: complete

Loading c2500-js-l_120-3.bin from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

(output omitted)[OK - 10084696/20168704 bytes]

Verifying checksum... OK (0x9AA0)


wg_ro_a#

the Net

Erase Flash occurs before loading new image

Note message that image already exists

Networkserver

FLASHFLASH

Visual Objective

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Visual Objective

core_ server10.1.1.1

255.255.255.0

wg_sw_a10.1.1.10

255.255.255.0

wg_sw_l10.1.1.120

255.255.255.0

wg_pc_a

wg_pc_l

...

console

10.1.1.121255.255.255.0

e0/2fa0/26(port A)

e0/2

e0

e0fa0/26(port A)

fa0/1 fa0/12

fa0/24

core_sw_a10.1.1.2

255.255.255.0

10.1.1.11255.255.255.0

wg_ro_l

A/B

A/B

wg_ro_a

console

consoleconsole

pod sw ros e0A 10.1.1.10 10.1.1.11B 10.1.1.20 10.1.1.21C 10.1.1.30 10.1.1.31D 10.1.1.40 10.1.1.41E 10.1.1.50 10.1.1.51

F 10.1.1.60 10.1.1.61G 10.1.1.70 10.1.1.71H 10.1.1.80 10.1.1.81I 10.1.1.90 10.1.1.91J 10.1.1.100 10.1.1.101K 10.1.1.110 10.1.1.111L 10.1.1.120 10.1.1.121

Summary

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After completing this chapter, youshould be able to perform the followingtasks: Use Cisco Discovery Protocol from a device

to get information about neighboringdevices

Use Telnet to retrieve information aboutremote devices

Determine the load location of the IOSimage

List the commands to load an IOS image file

Summary

Review Questions

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Review Questions

1. What CDP command is used to getinformation about one specific neighbor?

2. What key combination suspends a Telnetsession?

3. From which three locations can an activeconfiguration file originate?

4.What show command lists the value ofthe Configuration Register?

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