INDUSTRIAL TRAINING Presentation

C.C.N.ABy

Talvinder Singh

• In 1984 Computer scientists, Len Bosack and Sandy Lerner, from Stanford University, found Cisco Systems. They invented this technology to link their computer systems together.

• Cisco Systems, Inc. is the worldwide leader in networking for the Internet. Today, networks are an essential part of business, education, government and home communications, and Cisco Internet Protocol-based (IP) networking solutions are the foundation of these networks.

• Cisco hardware, software, and service offerings are used to create Internet solutions that allow individuals, companies, and countries to increase productivity, improve customer satisfaction and strengthen competitive advantage. The Cisco name has become synonymous with the Internet, as well as with the productivity improvements that Internet business solutions provide.

CISCO OVERVIEWIn 1984 Computer scientists, Len Bosack and Sandy Lerner, from Stanford University, found Cisco Systems. They invented this technology to link their computer systems together.Cisco Systems, Inc. is the worldwide leader in networking for the Internet. Today, networks are an essential part of business, education, government and home communications, and Cisco Internet Protocol-based (IP) networking solutions are the foundation of these networks.Cisco hardware, software, and service offerings are used to create Internet solutions that allow individuals, companies, and countries to increase productivity, improve customer satisfaction and strengthen competitive advantage. The Cisco name has become synonymous with the Internet, as well as with the productivity improvements that Internet business solutions provide.

• An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device participating in a computer network that uses the Internet protocol for communication.

• Ip address must be unique in a network.• Ip address is read with its Subnet mask.• 32 bits( 0 or 1) divided into 4 octets.• Ip address has two portions – network and host.• Each octet has a decimal value ranging from 0 to 255, except for the first octet

which is 1 to 255.• The first octet cannot be 127 , this is reserved for loopback and also to check if

protocol stack is correctly configured.• All 0’s define network address.• All 1’s define broadcast address.• The ip address 255.255.255.255 defines a general broadcast.

IP ADDRESSING

CLASSES (HOST & NETWORK)

• Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) is a method for allocating IP addresses and routing Internet Protocol packets. The Internet Engineering Task Force introduced CIDR in 1993 to replace the previous addressing architecture of classful networkdesign in the Internet.Its goal was to slow the rapid exhaustion of IPv4 address.

• CIDR values tells about the ON bits for example:-

255.224.0.0/11 -> 11 bits are on255.255.192.0/18 -> 18 bits are on

Maximum range is /30 because 31 & 32 are reserved for hosts.

CLASSLESS INTERDOMAIN ROUTING

OSI REFERENCE MODEL

OSI VS TCP/IP

Telnet: It is a service through which we can access one pc from another pc in command mode.FTP: A method of transferring one or more file from one system to another system over a network.TFTP: It is stack version of FTP. TFTP has no browsing ability. It can send and receive files.NFS: It is a service through which we can transfer data and files from linux to linux or linux to window.SMTP: Simple mail transport protocol, through this mail can be sent.DNS:It translate name to IP or Ip to names.DHCP: It is used to give IP to client automatically.

PROCESS/APPLICATION LAYER PROTOCOLS

• Router to pc• Pc to pc• Switch to switch• Switch to hub• Hub to Hub

CROSSOVER CABLES

• Router to switch• Router to Hub• Pc to hub • Switch to pc• Hub uplink to downlink• ADSL modem to Hub• ADSL modem to PC

STRAIGHT THROUGH CABLE

• Fast ethernet: • Ethernet speed: 10 mbps symbol E0/0• Fast ethernet speed: 100mbps symbol F0/0• Gigabit ethernet speed: 1000mbps symbol G0/0

• Serial port• DTE(Data terminal equipment)• DCE(Data communication equipment)• Console port• Auxiliary port• Power

Router interfaces

POST(Power on Self Test) ROM(Mini IOS) present -> not present->rommonmode FLASH(IOS) check config NVRAM yes, setup mode no, extended mode ctrl + c

Router startup

• User mode-allows user to perform few commands, configurations cannot be changed.

• Priviledge mode- It enables user to view and change few configurations.

• Global configuration mode- It allows user to change those configurations which effects the working of router.

Router Modes

User mode

Priviledge mode

Global configuration mode

Extended modes in router

ENABLE + ENTER

CONFIGURE TERMINAL+ ENTERCtrl + z

exit

• Static routes are user defined manually created routes.The administrator creates creates static routes in cisco routers using Ip route command.

• Syntax:ip route destination network subnet mask next hop router ip address

• Example:-• Ip route 11.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.2

Static routes

• Default routes define a router as the default router. When there is no entry for the destination nettwork in the routing table, the router will forward the packet to its default router.Default router help in reducng the size of your routing table.

• Syntac: ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 next hop router• Example• Ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.2

Default routes

• Classfull• Open standard• Metric: Hop count(15)• Distance vector protocol• Max path=4(16) [equal load balancing]• Broadcast:255.255.255.255• Port no 520• Send update every 30 seconds.

R.I.P 1

• Classless• Authentication• Trigger update• Multicast: 224.0.0.9

ExampleRouter(config-if)#Router RIP #Version 2 #Network 10.0.0.0 #Network 11.0.0.0

R.I.P 2

• Cisco proprietary routing protocol• Advanced distance vector/ hybrid routing

protocol with features such as dynamic neighbor discovery.

• Classless/ VLSM• Metric: bandwidth, delay, load, reliability• Hop count 255• Multicast 224.0.0.10

EIGRP

• Classless/VLSM• Open standard• Link state protocol• Port no 89• Metric is cost• Unlimited hop count• AD is 110• Table- 1) neighbor 2)topology 3) routing table• Point to point, multicast, broadcast• Concept of area

OSPF

• Example:

Router#configure terminalRouter(config)# router ospf 1Router(config-router)#net 1.0.0.0 0 255.255.255 area 0#net 192.1.1.0 0.0.255.255 area 0

Thank you