ccna voip chapter 6 640-461.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 6Understanding the CME Dial-Plan
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Analog Voice Port Configuration:
Foreign Exchange Station Ports (FXS): Used to connect analog devices such as analog phones, fax machines or modems to the router. Foreign Exchange Office Ports (FXO): Used to connect to the PSTN central office (CO) or a Private Branch Exchange (PBX)
Use the Router#show voice port summary
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Analog Voice Port Configuration:
Configure FXS: Signaling Caller ID information Call progress tone
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Analog Voice Port Configuration:
Configure FXO: Dial-type Ring number (rings before answering)
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Digital Voice Port Configuration:
T1 or E1 Voice and WAN Interface Cards (VWIC) Must be configured before using (unlike FXO or FXS) Can use Channel Associated Signaling (CAS) Can also use Common Channel Signaling (CCS)
Router(config)#controller t1 1/0Router(config-controller)#framing esfRouter(config-controller)#clock source lineNOTE: Better to use line clocking provided from PSTN or providerRouter(config-controller)#ds0-group 1 timeslots 1-24 type fxo-loop-start
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Digital Voice Port Configuration:
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Primary Rate Interface (PRI) Uses Chanel Associated Signaling (CAS)
Router(config)#isdn switch-type primary-5essRouter(config)#controller t1 1/0Router(config-controller)#pri-group timeslots 1-24Router(config-controller)#show voice port summary
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Configuring Dial Peers:
POTS dial peer: Used to define voice reachability information for any traditional (analog) connection VoIP dial peer: Used to define any voice connection available through IP addressing
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Call Legs:
Any voice connection too or from a voice port or connection or voice device
Call Leg 1: The incoming POTS call leg from x1101 on CME_A Call Leg 2: The outgoing VoIP call leg from CME_A to ROUTER_B Call Leg 3: The incoming VoIP call leg on ROUTER_B from CME_A Call Leg 4: The outgoing POTS call leg to x2510 from ROUTER_B
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Configuring POTS Dial Peers for FXS Ports:
CME_A(config)#dial-peer voice 1101 potsCME_A(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 1101CME_A(config-dial-peer)#port 0/0/0CME_A(config-dial-peer)#exitCME_A(config)#dial-peer voice 1102 potsCME_A(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 1102CME_A(config-dial-peer)#port 0/0/1
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Configuring Dial Peers:
Router#show dial-peer voice summary
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Configuring POTS Dial Peer for T1:
Router_B(config)#dial-peer voice 2000 potsRouter_B(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 2Router_B(config-dial-peer)#no digit-stripRouter_B(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:23
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Configuring VoIP Dial Peer:
CME_A(config)#dial-peer voice 2000 voipCME_A(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 2CME_A(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.2CME_A(config-dial-peer)#codec g711ulaw
If the configured codec does not match the opposite end then the call will fail. The default codec is G.729
Router_B(config)#dial-peer voice 1000 voipRouter_B(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 1Router_B(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.1Router_B(config-dial-peer)#codec g711ulaw
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Using Dial-Peer Wildcards:
Period (.): Will match any digit Plus(+): matches one or more instances of the preceding digits Brackets ([]): Matches a range of digits T: matches any dialed number from 0-32 digits Carrot (^): Does not match Comma (,): Inserts a one-second pause between dialed digits
Example: 555[1-3]Matches: 5551, 5552, 5553 (Where is any three digits) 5+23Matches 5523, 55523, 55523 [14-6]555Matches 1555, 4555, 5555, 6555 55[59]12Matches 55512, 55912 [^1-7]..[135] Matches 8..1, 8..3, 8..5, 9..1, 9..3, 9..5 (Where is any two digits)
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Digit Manipulation:
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Digit Manipulation Problem:
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Digit Manipulation Problem Answer:
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North American Dial Plan:
[2-9]Used for 7-digit dialing [2-9]..[2-9]Used for 10-digit dialing 1[2-9]..[2-9]Used for 11-digit dialing [469]11Used for service numbers 011TUsed for international dialing
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North American Dial Plan:
Router(config)#dial-peer voice 90 potsRouter(config-dial-peer)#description Service DialingRouter(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 9[469]11Router(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 3Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 91 potsRouter(config-dial-peer)#description 10-Digit DialingRouter(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 9[2-9]..[2-9]Router(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 10Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 92 potsRouter(config-dial-peer)#description 11-Digit DialingRouter(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 91[2-9]..[2-9]Router(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 11Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 93 potsRouter(config-dial-peer)#description International DialingRouter(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 9011TRouter(config-dial-peer)#prefix 011Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1
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Private Line Automatic Ringdown (PLAR):
Router(config)#voice-port 2/0/0Router(config-voiceport)#connection plar 1500Router(config-voiceport)#voice-port 2/0/1Router(config-voiceport)#connection plar 1500
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Call Processing:
Most specific pattern wins Once a match is found the call is processed
Router(config)#dial-peer voice 1 voipRouter(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 555[1-3]Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.1Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 2 voipRouter(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5551Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.2
If a user dials 5551234 dial-peer 2 will be used because it is a more specific match
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Call Processing:
Most specific pattern wins Once a match is found the call is processed
Router(config)#dial-peer voice 1 voipRouter(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 555[1-3]Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.1Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 2 voipRouter(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5551Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.2Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 3 voipRouter(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5551Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.3
If a user dials 5551234 dial-peer 3 will be used because it is a more specific match. Router will drop the last three digits and only route the 5551 (Useful for emergency calls)
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Matching Inbound and Outbound Dial Peers:
Match the dialed number (DNIS) using the incoming called number dial peer Match the called ID information (ANI) using the answer-address dial-peer configuration Match the caller ID information (ANI) using the destination-pattern dial-peer configuration Match an incoming POTS dial peer by using the port dial-peer configuration If no match has been found using the previous four methods, use dial peer 0
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Call Leg 1:
(No Match) 2510 The dialed number does not match an incoming called-number dial peer(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the answer-address dial peer configuration on CME_A(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the destination-pattern dial peer configuration on CME_A(Match) x1101 comes in FXS port 1/0/0 which matches an incoming POTS dial peer on CME_A by using the port dial peer configuration command
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Call Leg 3:
(No Match) 2510 The dialed number does not match an incoming called-number dial peer on ROUTER_B(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the answer-address dial peer configuration on ROUTER_B(Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does match the destination-pattern dial peer configuration command for the VoIP dial peer 1101 on ROUTER_B
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Call Leg 4:
(No Match) 2510 The called number does not match an incoming called number(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the answer-address dial peer configuration on ROUTER_B(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the destination-pattern dial peer configuration(No Match) x1101 did not come into a POTS interface (FXS, FXO, E&M, Voice BRI/T1/E1 digital interface that could be matched using the port command. It came via VoIP(Match) Because ROUTER_B could not find a match it will use dial peer 0
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Dial Peer 0:
Default Dial Peer Uses any voice codec (Not hard coded) No DTMF relay: DTMF relay sends dial tones outside of the audio stream IP Precedence 0: Strips all QoS markings. Calls will now be sent as if they were normal data Voice Activity Detection (VAD) enabled: Allows bandwidth savings by not transmitting dead time No Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) support: The router will not reserve end-to-end bandwidth Fax-rate voice: The router will limit fax bandwidth to that of the VoIP codec. Can devastate fax calls No application support: calls cannot be referred to outside applications No Direct Inward Dial (DID) support: Cannot use the DID feature to forward calls to an internal device from an PSTN source
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Digit Manipulation:
prefix digits: Allows for digits to be added to be specified forward-digits number: Allows for the number of digits that will be forwarded [no] digit-strip: Enables (default) or disables digit stripping num-exp: Transforms any number dialed that matches pattern. Example: num-exp 4 5Call 4321 converted to 5321Example: num-exp 0 5000Call 0 converted to 5000 voice translation profile: Allows a translation profile of up to 15 rules to be transform the number
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POTS Failover:
If the VoIP network fails, the phone system should automatically switch to the POTS system
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POTS Failover Configuration:
Arizona(config)#dial-peer voice 10 voipArizona(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 6Arizona(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.2Arizona(config-dial-peer)#preference 0Arizona(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 11 potsArizona(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 6Arizona(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1Arizona(config-dial-peer)#preference 1Arizona(config-dial-peer)#no digit-stripArizona(config-dial-peer)#prefix 1512555
Texas(config)#dial-peer voice 10 voipTexas(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5Texas(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.1Texas(config-dial-peer)#preference 0Texas(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 11 potsTexas(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 5Texas(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1Texas(config-dial-peer)#preference 1Texas(config-dial-peer)#no digit-stripTexas(config-dial-peer)#prefix 1480555
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Using num-exp to Transform numbers:
Router(config)#voice-port 1/0/1Router(config-voiceport)#connection plar 0Router(config-voiceport)#exitRouter(config)#num-exp 0 5000
Connects any dialed 0, to the receptionist within the company at extension 5000
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POTS Lines for Emergency Calls:
Remote_RTR(config)#dial-peer voice 10 potsRemote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 911Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/0Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#no digit stripRemote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 11 potsRemote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 9911Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/0Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 3 Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 12 potsRemote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 911Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/1Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#no digit-strip Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 13 potsRemote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 9911Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/1Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 3
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POTS Lines for Emergency Calls:
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Translation Rule:
Define the rules that dictate how the router will transform the number Associate the rules to a profile Associate the profile to a dial peer Format: rule 1 /match/ /set/
Router(config)#voice translation-rule 1Router(config-translation-rule)#rule 1 /6/ /5/
Match the number 6 and replace with a 5
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Translation Profile:
Define the rules that dictate how the router will transform the number Associate the rules to a profile Associate the profile to a dial peer
Router(config)#voice translation-profile CHANGE_DIDRouter(config-translation-profile)#translate called 1Router(config-translation-profile)#dial-peer voice 100 pots
Router(config)#dial-peer voice 100 potsRouter(config-dial-peer)#translation-profile incoming CHANGE_DID
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Translation Profile:
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Translation Order:num-expAutomatic digit strip(POTS dial peers)Voice translation profilesPrefix digitsforward-digitsApplied 1stApplied 2ndApplied 3rdApplied 4thApplied 5th
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Class of Restriction (COR):
Prevent employees from making international calls but allow management
Block high cost numbers such as 1-900
Prevent certain internal phones from reaching executive office numbers
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Class of Restriction (COR):
Defining COR List Tags
Router(config)#dial-peer cor customRouter(config-dp-cor)#name 911Router(config-dp-cor)#name LOCALRouter(config-dp-cor)#name LD
Create Outgoing COR List
Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911-CALLRouter(config-dp-corlist)#member 911Router(config-dp-corlist)#exitRouter(config)#dial-peer cor list LOCAL-CALLRouter(config-dp-corlist)#member LOCALRouter(config-dp-corlist)#exitRouter(config)#dial-peer cor list LD-CALLRouter(config-dp-corlist)#member LDRouter(config-dp-corlist)#exit
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Class of Restriction (COR):
Defining Incoming COR Lists
Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911-ONLYRouter(config-dp-corlist)#member 911Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911-LOCALRouter(config-dp-corlist)#member 911Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LOCALRouter(config-dp-corlist)#exit Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911-LOCAL-LDRouter(config-dp-corlist)#member 911Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LOCALRouter(config-dp-corlist)#member LDRouter(config-dp-corlist)#exit
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Class of Restriction (COR):
Assigning Outbound and Inbound COR Lists
Router(config)#dial-peer voice 10 potsRouter(config-dial-peer)#corlist outgoing 911-CALLRouter(config-dial-peer)#exitRouter(config)#dial-peer voice 11 potsRouter(config-dial-peer)#corlist outgoing LOCAL-CALLRouter(config-dial-peer)#exitRouter(config)#dial-peer voice 12 potsRouter(config-dial-peer)#corlist outgoing LD-CALLRouter(config-dial-peer)#exitRouter(config)#ephone-dn 1Router(config-ephone-dn)#corlist incoming 911-ONLYRouter(config-ephone-dn)#exitRouter(config)#ephone-dn 2Router(config-ephone-dn)#corlist incoming 911-LOCALRouter(config-ephone-dn)#exitRouter(config)#ephone-dn 3Router(config-ephone-dn)#corlist incoming 911-LOCAL-LDRouter(config-ephone-dn)#exit
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Class of Restriction (COR):
Rules:
If there is no outgoing COR list applied then the call is always routed
If there is no incoming COR list applied then the call is always routed
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Quality of Service (QoS):
Lack of bandwidth Delay Fixed delay Variable delay Jitter (delay variations) Packet loss
Requirements for VoIP and Video End-to-end delay: 150 mSec or less Jitter: 30mSec or less Packet loss: 1% or less Requirements for Data Mission-critical applications Transactional applications Best-effort applications Scavenger applications
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Quality of Service (QoS) Mechanisms:
Best Effort: Default method used in every network. No QoS mechanism is used.
Integrated Services (IntServ): Works through a system of reservations reserving bandwidth for applications through the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP). Provides guaranteed bandwidth. Not scalable
Differentiated Services (DiffServ): Most popular as it classifies traffic and places the traffic into cues with almost guaranteed bandwidth. Most used method.
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Quality of Service (QoS) Mechanisms:
Classification and Marking Congestion Management Congestion Avoidance Policing and Shaping Link Efficiency Payload Compression Header Compression Link Fragmentation and Interleaving (LFI)
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Quality of Service (QoS) Mechanisms:
Queuing Algorithms Weighted Fair Queuing (WQF); Balance bandwidth among all. Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing (CBWFQ): Sets classes and assigns bandwidth Low Latency Queuing (LLQ): Adds priority to CBWFQ
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Cisco AutoQoS:
Automated system by Cisco Easy to implement Reduces the time of deployment Provides configuration consistency Reduces deployment cost Allows for manual tuning First establish a Trust Boundary AutoQoS uses Cisco Discovery protocol (CDP) so do not disable on connections that need it!
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Cisco AutoQoS Example:
Serial links must have the bandwidth command configured!
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Cisco AutoQoS Configuration Example:
Voice_Switch(config)#interface fa0/3Voice_Switchr(config-if)#auto qos voip cisco-phone
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Cisco AutoQoS Configuration Example:
Router(config)#interface fa0/1Router(config-if)#auto qos voip trust
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Cisco AutoQoS Configuration:
Voice_Switch(config)#interface fa0/3 Voice_Switch(config-if)#description Cisco PhoneVoice_Switch(config-if)#auto qos voip cisco-phoneVoice_Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/1 Voice_Switch(config-if)#description Switch Router UplinkVoice_Switch(config-if)#auto qos voip trust
Router(config)#interface fa0/0Router(config-if)#auto qos voip trust
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Cisco AutoQoS Configuration:
auto qos voip: Enable AutoQoS without trusting any markings. Router will remark all traffic types auto qos voip trust: Enable AotoQoS trusting any existing markings auto qos voip cisco-phone: Switch only! Enables AotoQoS and will trust any existing markings only if CDP detects a Cisco phone attached auto qos voip cisco-softphone: Switch only! Enables AutoQoS and will trust any existing markings if CDP detects a Cisco Softphone (IP Communicator)
New version of AutoQoS is auto discovery! Auto discovery allows the router to monitor the traffic for an indefinite period and record traffic patterns and generate a QoS policy that can be applied
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End of Chapter 6