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PICTURE INDUSTRV
A Provisional History of the Technical Image 1844-2018
Edited, with an introduction by Walead Beshty
Foreword by Maja Hoffmann Tom Eccles
L U M A· III c:c:s BJ.lRD
Table of contents
Foreword 17 Maja Hoffmann and Tom Eccles
Acknowledgments 19
lntroductioo: The Commons in the Age of lts Technological Reproducibility 20 Walead Beshty
TAKEN FROM HERE TO WHERE IT GAME FROM AND TAKEN TO A PLAGE AND USED 34 IN SUCH A MANNERTHAT IT CAN ONLY RE MAIN AS A REPRESENTATION OFWHAT ITWAS WHERE IT GAME FROM Lawrence Weiner 1980
lntroductory Remarks and Selected Plates from Pencil of Nature William Henry FoxTalbot 1844-46
A Scene in a Library: The First Photographically lllustrated Book Carol Armstrong 1998
The Stereoscope and Stereograph Oliver Wendell Holmes 1859
Selections from Mechanisms of Human Facial Expression Guillaume-Amant Duchenne de Boulogne 1862
Photographs of the High Rockies in Harper's New Monthly Magazine, Vol. CCXXXll, No. 39, September 1869 John Samson [likely a pseudonym ofTimothy H. O'Sullivan]
Photography's Discursive Spaces Rosalind E. Krauss 1986
Naming the View Alan Trachtenberg 1990
United States Geo/ogical Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel, Volume lll: Mining lndustry James D. Hague and Clarence King 1870
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Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey, Vol. I William H. Emory 1857
Prefatory Note and Preface to United States Geo/ogical Survey of the Territories, Descriptive Catalogue of Photographs of North American Indians Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden and William Henry Jackson 1877
Colorchromes from the Detroit Photographie Company William Henry Jackson 1892-1903
Carte de visite SojournerTruth 1864
lntroduction to EnduringTruths: Sojourner's Shadows and Substance Oarcy Grimaldo Grigsby 2015
The Golden Caribbean, Vol. II, No. 1, January 1904 United Fruit Company
The Evidence of Things Not Photographed: Slavery and Historical Memory in the British West lndies Krista Thompson 2011
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The Other Half and HowThey Live: Story in Pictures [Reconstruction of a Magie 146 Lantern Slide Lecture Presented at the Sixth Annual Convention of Christian Workers) Jacob Riis 1891
How the Other Half Lives: Studies Among theTenements in Scribner's Magazine, 162 Vol. VI, No. 6, December 1889 Jacob Riis
lnquiries into Human Faculty and lts Development 167 Francis Galton 1883
Physiological Study of Normal Wal~ing 170 Georges Gilles de laTourette 1885
Notes on Gesture 175 Giorgio Agamben 2000
Selections from Theoretical Study of Signalment 179 Alphonse Bertillon 1896
Bertillon System of Criminal ldentification [Selected by Cameron Rowland) 194 National Law Enforcement Museum Website 2018
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Selection from Attitudes of Animals in Motion Eadweard Muybridge 1882
Selections from Anima/ Locomotion Eadweard Muybridge 1887
lron Horses: Leland Stanford, Eadweard Muybridge, and the lndustrialized Eye John Ott 2005
Physiologie du mouvement: Je vol des oiseaux Etienne-Jules Marey 1890
Chronophotography Etienne-Jules Marey 1899
Marey and the Organization ofWork Marta Braun 1994
Selections of X-Ray Photographs from Journal of Electrochemistry Wilhelm Röntgen 1896-97
On a New Kind of Rays Wilhelm Röntgen 1896
lnjured Right Hand of Workman in The Röntgen Rays in Medical Work DavidWalsh 1897
Still from Workers Leaving the Lumiere Factory Louis and Auguste Lumiere 1895
Still from Employees Leaving Williamson's Factory, Lancaster Still from Employees Leaving Messrs Vickers & Maxim's in Barrow Sagar Mitchell and James Kenyon 1901
Preface to Motion Study: A Method for lncreasing the Efficiency of the Workman Frank 8. Gilbreth 1911
Motion Study Photographs Frank 8. Gilbreth 1913-1917
Radiography, Cinematography and the Decline of the Lens Lisa Cartwright and Brian Goldfarb 1992
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Selections from: Charities andThe Commons, and The Survey, 1908-1913 Lewis Hine
The Homestead Plant: Carnegie Steel Company in Homestead: The Households of a Mill Town, Vol. 4 Lewis Hine 1910
Production - Reproduction Laszl6 Moholy-Nagy 1922
War Against War! Ernst Friedrich 1924
Ernst Friedrich's Pacifistic Anarchism Douglas Kellner 1987
Der Mensch als Industriepalast Fritz Kahn 1926
Selections from Das Leben des Menschen, Eine volkstümliche Anatomie, Biologie, Physiologie und Entwicklungeschichte des Menschen Fritz Kahn 1926- 1931
Photography Siegfried Kracauer 1927
Perspective as Symbolic Form Erwin Panofsky 1927
(Not) In Place:The Grid, or, Cultural Techniques of Ruling Spaces Bernhard Siegert 2015
Dictionary: Man in Documents 4 Georges Bataille 1929
Type 89 Moving-image Machine-gun Camera, Kai 2, Serial No. 7967 Manufactured by Rokuoh-sha [currently Konica Minolta Electronics Co„ Ltd.} Produced from 1933-44
Selections from Arbeiter-Illustrierte Zeitung John Heartfield 1930-32
The Work of Art in the Age of ltsTechnological Reproducibility (Second Version) Walter Benjamin 1935-36
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
There Are No Mass Media 312 Bernhard Siegert 2003
Julian Sander, Great-Grandson of August Sander, as Recounted to Walead Beshty 316 2017
Student of Philosophy [Erich Sander], 1926 317 Politica/ Prisoner [Erich Sander), 1943 Death Mask of Erich Sander, 1944 August Sander
Images in Spite of All 320 Georges Didi-Huberman 2008
A MathematicalTheory of Communication 328 Claude Shannon 1948
Woman Operating a Hollerith Pantographie Card-Punching Machine 336 Harris and Ewing Studio [George W. Harris and Martha Ewing) ca. 1915
Computing Machinery and lntelligence 337 AlanTuring 1950
Labor Anonymous in Fortune Magazine, November 1946 340 Selections from Fortune Magazine, 1941-1962 Hornes of Americans in Fortune Magazine, 1946 Walker Evans
Walker Evans:The MagazineWork 358 David Campany 2014
Nation Horrified by Murder of Kidnapped Chicago Youth in Jet Magazine, Vol. XIII, No. 362 19, September 15, 1955
Emmett Till Ever After 364 Darby English 2013
The Restraints: Open and Hidden in LIFE Magazine, September 24, 1956 372 Selections from Ebony and LIFE Magazine, 1947-1968 Gordon Parks
They Fight a Fire That Won't Go Out in LIFE Magazine, May 17, 1963 388 Charles Moore
Mechanical (HThe Dogs' Attaclc is Negroes' Reward," from LIFE Magazine, 390 May 17, 1963) Andy Warhol 1964
Race Riot Andy Warhol 1964
Roentgenizdat [bootleg audio recording on X-ray film] Unknown makers ca. 1960s
The Medium ls the Message Marshall Mcluhan 1964
Poem, March 1966 in Aspen Magazine, No. 5+6, 1967 Dan Graham
MyWorks for Magazine Pages: A History of Conceptual Art, 1965-1969 Dan Graham 1985
Hornes for America [photo offset reproduction of layout for magazine article] Dan Graham 1972
Selections from House Beautiful: Bringing the War Home Martha Rasier ca. 1967-72
Tron (Amputee) in Goodbye to All That, No. 3, October 13, 1970 Martha Rasier
Amarillo- Tal/ in Texas Stephen Shore 1971
Still from Phi Phenomenon Morgan Fisher 1968
Phi Phenomenon Morgan Fisher 1976
Preparation Plants from Coal Mines Bernd and Hilla Becher 1966-78
[Untitled) in January 5-13, 1969 Douglas Huebler
Projects C/ass David Askevold 1969
Advertisements in Artforum Magazine, 1968-69 Stephen Kaltenbach
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Misunderstandings (A Theory of Photography) 430 Mel Bochner 1970
Still from Finally Got the News 432 Stewart Bird, Rene Lichtman, and Peter Gessner 1970
Still from Hour of the Furnaces 433 Fernando Solanas and Octavio Getino 1968
Towards a Third Cinema: Notesand Experiences for the Development of a Cinema of 434 Liberation in the Third World Fernando Solanas and Octavio Getino 1969
Photograph and Screen 439 Stanley Cavell 1971
ldeological Effects of the Basic Cinematographic Apparatus 441 Jean-Louis Baudry 1974
Cover and Preface to How To Read Donald Duck: Imperialist ldeology in the 448 Disney Comic Ariel Dorfman and Armand Mattelart 1975
A Declaration of Dependence 450 Sarah Charlesworth 1975
Washing/Tracks/Maintenance: Outside 455 Mierle Laderman Ukeles 1973
Advertisement in Artforum Magazine, November 1974 458 Lydia Benglis
MagazineActions in Fiesta Magazine, Vol. 10, No. 7, 1976 460 Cosey Fanni Tutti
Still from Eadweard Muybridge, Zoopraxographer 462 Thom Andersen 1976
Five Notes for a Phenomenology of the Photographie Image 463 Hubert Damisch 1963
Mapplethorped: Art, Photography, and the Pornographie Imagination 465 Richard Meyer 2016
X Portfolio Robert Mapplethorpe 1977-78
Photography en abyme Craig Owens 1978
Young Workers Jeff Wall 1978/1983
Artist Statement from Horror Pleni: Pictures in New York Today Ericka Beckman 1980
Selections from Camera Lucida: Reflections on Photography Roland Barthes 1982
Allegorical Procedures: Appropriation and Montage in Contemporary Art Benjamin H. D. Buchloh 1982
Selections from Travel Posters Barbara Bloom 1981/2009
After Walker Evans: 1-22 Sherrie Levine 1981
Collection of Ten Piaster Surrogates Allan McCollum 1982/1990
Arrangements of Pictures in October, Vol. 26, 1983 Louise Lawler
Still from Sans Solei/ Chris Marker 1983
WildDead Gretchen Sender 1984
Towards a Philosophy of Photography Vilem Flusser 1983
Still from Standard Gauge Morgan Fisher 1984
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. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Standard Gauge Morgan Fisher 1984
lntroduction to Gramophone, Film, Typewriter Friedrich A. Kittler 1986
Still from Handsworth Songs BlackAudio Film Collective 1986
Black Audio Film Collective: John Akomfrah, Reece Auguiste, Lina Gopaul, and Avril Johnson Coca Fusco 1987
Selections from Cray at Chippewa Falls: Photographs by Lee Friedlander Lee Friedlander 1987
Ektachrome Archive Lyle Ashton Harris 1986-96
Lyle Ashton Harris on Ektachrome Archive ( 1986-1996), as told to Alpesh Kantilal Patel 2015
Scripts from Monodramas Stan Douglas 1987-1991
News HourViewer Call-in Segment Regarding Original Broadcast of Stan Douglas's Monodramas BCTV 1992
Herald Tribune, January 18-February 28, 1991 Sarah Charlesworth 1991
The Gesture of Video Vilem Flusser 1991
Red Portfolio Glenn Ligon 1993
Seif Portrait (James Dean) Jack Pierson 1993
Hiatus: Work in Progress Lecture Ericka Beckman 1993
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Video and Resistance: Against Documentaries Critical Art Ensemble 1994
'Can you be BLACK and Look atThis?': Reading the Rodney King Videos Elizabeth Alexander 1994
Being the Subject of Art bell hooks 1995
Still From Workers Leaving the Factory Harun Farocki 1995
Workers Leaving the Factory Harun Farocki 2004
Automation of Sight: From Photography to Computer Vision lev Manovich 1996
Selections from Case History Boris Mikhailov 1997-1998
Case History Boris Mikhailov 1999
Selections from Venezia Marghera Series Lewis Baltz 1999/2011
Strike Objects Jean-Luc Moulene 1999
Selections from lnflight Magazine, 2000 Johan Grimonprez
Post-Documentary, Post-Photography? Martha Rosler 2001
schema; Aquafresh plus Crest with whitener schema; Aquafresh plus Crest with Scope KelleyWalker 2003
Civilian (adjusted to fit) Louise Lawler 2010/2011
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Black Mo'nin' Fred Moten 2003
Orange de Rijke/de Rooij 2004
Stills from Eye/Machine 1, II, and III Harun Farocki 2001-2003
Phantom Images Harun Farocki 2004
Live Evil (Kuala Lumpur) Paul Pfeiffer 2003
Digital Video Effect: "Holes" Seth Price 2003
The Fu// Edition of Smoke and Mirrors 24A Eileen Ouinlan 2006
Protocol Alexander R. Galloway 2006
Documentary Uncertainty Hito Steyerl 2007
Supplement '14 (MixedTypologies) #6 ChristopherWilliams 2014
ChristopherWilliams in Conversation with Mark Godfrey 2007
Declassification United States Department of Defense Website 2018
From the Redaction Paintings Series Jenny Holzer 2007
The Civil Contract of Photography Ariella Azoulay 2008
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Still from Episode ///: Enjoy Poverty 706 Renzo Martens 2008
Toward a New lnstitutional Critique: A Conversation with Renzo Martens 707 T.J. Demos 2012
Still from Exit (Bath lron Works, Ju/y 7-11, 2008, Bath, Maine) 712 Sharon Lockhart 2008
On Compression 713 Cory Arcangel 2008
Repression and the Information Boom 717 Zuhair al-Jezairy 2005
Redistribution (video transcript) 720 Seth Price 2010
Dailies from Rythm Mastr 726 Kerry James Marshall 2010
Still from In Free Fall 728 Hito Steyerl 2010
In Free Fall: A Thought Experiment on Vertical Perspective 729 Hito Steyerl 2011
Photography and the Law: Five Groundbreaking Cases of Photography in Litigation 735 Daniel McClean 2011
Still from The Unstable Object 739 Daniel Eisenberg 2011
Still from Workers Leaving the Googleplex 740 Andrew Norm an Wilson 2011
Still from Touching Rea/ity 742 Thomas Hirschhorn 2012
Why ls lt lmportant-Today-to Show and Look at Images of Destroyed Human Bodies? 743 Thomas Hirschhorn 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS
You've Lost That Loving Feeling: Rineke Dijkstra After Empathy Johanna Burton 2012
Diane Arbus: A Printed Retrospective, 1960-1971 Pierre Leguillon 2012
Anonymous Needs and Desires (Various Castoffs: Ceramic Tile, Potato Chips, Garlic, Men's Socks, Blackberry, iPod, Baby Food, Perfume, Chocolate, and Cigarettes) Liz Glynn 2012
Truth Study Center Wolfgang Tillmans 2016
TheTower Hito Steyerl 2015
In Defense of Representation Tristan Garcia 2015
Great Things Never Come from Comfort Zones in i-D Magazine, No. 336, 2015 Wolfgang Tillmans
lnfrastructuralism John Durham Peters 2015
The Distributed Image Peter Osborne 2015
Untitled lsa Genzken 2016
Parasagittal Brain Yngve Holen 2013
Flint is Family in Elle Magazine, September 2016 LaToya Ruby Frazier
The Phantasmagorie Dispositif: An Assembly of Bodies and Images in Real Time and Space Noam M. Elcott 2016
Handpunch Cameron Rowland 2014-2015
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Love ls the Message, the Message ls Death Arthur Jafa 2016
Love is the Message, The Plan is Death Arthur Jafa andTina Campt 2017
Martha Rasier in Conversation with Walead Beshty 2017
Stephen Share in Conversation with Walead Beshty 2017
Stan Douglas in Conversation with Walead Beshty 2016
Hito Steyerl in Conversation with Walead Beshty 2017
James Merle Thomas in Conversation with Walead Beshty 2018
Contributors
Index
Thanks
Credits
Colophon
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Citation style, idiosyncratic spalling, and unusual capitalization have been modernized following The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition (2017).Any alterationsto original texts are designated by the use of an editorial bracket and ellipsas ( [„ .) ). Complete bibliographic and copyright information for all texts can be found in the "Contributors" section of this volume.