cd n.2 : traditional to modern
TRANSCRIPT
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Comenius 2009-2011 Europe:Transition from Traditional
to Modern Society 19th – 20th
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V E and IV Bs Liceo Scientifico Statale
“Galileo Galilei” Potenza, Italy
Anno scolastico 2010/2011
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Modern Society
Economical and Historical Background
Social Relations
Lifestyle Art
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Italy celebrates the Unity 1861 - 2011
Historical Events
Emigration
Disasters
WWF
Violence
Credit Crunch
Economical and Historical Background
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Italy celebrates the Unity 1861 - 2011
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After Napoleonic campaign,
the indipendence wars
against Austro-Hungarian
Empire, Camillo Benso Earl
Cavour was the spokesman
of middle class and
intellectuals who wanted the
political, economic and social
liberation from foreign
powers.
Historical Events
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EmigrationIn 1896 Francesco Saverio Nitti First Minister considered emigration “the only, big and safety valve” infact, emigration in Basilicata was a phenomenon wich changed the aspect, in the populating and bereaving. Basilicata was in extreme and needy conditions.
The countries too reach where Usa, Canada, Brasil, Australia and Belgium.
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EmigrationLater in 1952 people from south moved to north Italy in towns as Milan, Tourin and Genoa to work in the FIAT.
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EmigrationFIAT Logo/Badge
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Emigration
FIAT 500
FIAT 600
FERRARI
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Disasters
Ecological disasters
In Italy the hydrogeological disruption is part natural because of a breakable territory and part because of man misuse.
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Disasters1956:Andrea Doria the big ship collided with the Swedish American line and sank.
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Disasters1963: October 9th, a landslide made the dam Vajont overflow and several villages were destroyed, 9000 people died.
before after
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Disasters1966: The river Arno inundated Florence. Volunteers from all of the world came to save works of art.
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Disasters
1968: An earthquake devastated Belice Valley in Sicily.1976: The earthquake in Friuli.
1980: The earthquake in Irpinia (Campania) and Basilicata.
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Disasters
2009: A terrible earthquake destroyed L’Aquila and around.
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DisastersWaste, UE condemns Italy “At risk environment and human health”
The subject waste is the gap…
…North… …South
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DisastersTo pay the effetc are the citizens economically and healthy, since pollution causes illness as asthma, cardiovascular problems, cancer and untimely death.
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Disasters
Environment: Italy hasn’t solved its environmental problems yetItaly is naughty and UE punishes it.
Under accusation is the polluted air, the cause are the motorised mobility infact 82% are the means of private transport and the industrial waste without rules.
The report of “Environment Italy 2010” about our country health is undoubtedly negative.
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DisastersPETROLEUM
Today the real wealth of Basilicata is from the subsoil that can offer good economic growth. The area is very rich in hydrocarbon as mathane and oil.
In Val d’Agri there is the biggest oilfield of Europe discovered in 1981 whose owner is ENI. There are 55 oil wells and 720 km of pipelines.
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DisastersThe oil minings risk water resource. So we can say that Petroleum hasn’t brought wealth considering enviroment and health safety.
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WWFIn Basilicata WWF has 1000 members. It is important bacause its aim is to protect the evironment.WWF has been operating since 1975.
Natural oasis of Moliterno
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WWF
Oasis of Matera
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Violence1969 – It’s “the Hot Autumn” because of the impressive protest, demonstration and strike everywhere in Italy.
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Violence1972/74 – Terrorist autrages start everywhere in Italy.
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Violence1978 – Aldo Moro a politician…
segregated…
… killed
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ViolenceAugust 1980 – Red extremists made a bomb explode in Bologna rail station.
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Violence1992 – Two judges of court Giovanni Falcone e Paolo Borsellino are killed by mafia.
The film “I Cento Passi” and the book “Gomorra” show those sad events.
Roberto Saviano the writer is forced to run under police escort.
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Credit CrunchEconomical crisis.
Petroleum crisis of 1973 tested italian economy what had already weakned structures because of the late technology, inefficency of tax system, weakness of money and bad administration of government. So there were a deficit of the state balance.
When the Lira changed into Euro the situation didn' t change but got worse.
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Social Relations
Women Movement
Women Vote
Women Day
School - University
Students Movement
Personalities
Celebrities
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Women Movement
The first "Congress of the Italian women" held in Rome in 1908, where was also present at the meeting the Queen Elena wife of Vittorio Emanuele III.
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Women MovementSeveral women took care of the problem of female emancipation: the old Anna Maria Mozzoni collected many signatures in favour of political vote to women, among the supporters was the famous educator Maria Montessori who developed an educational method based on the free development of children personality. The petition was discussed in parliament but was rejected. Meanwhile, feminist groups were formed in Turin, Naples and Milan.
Suffraggette duringthe 1° World War
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Women MovementIn the Fascist period the woman was especially mother and wife, devoted to home, her husband and child-rearing. Passed the day of the Mother and Child for propaganda.
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Women Movement
During the Second World War, in particular the period of resistance, women had an active role and would cooperate with the partisans.
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Women MovementFrom the second post-war women were able to get their vote and laws such as the reforms on employment protection during pregnancy, abortion, divorce. In addition, sexual violence was regarded as a crime against the person, the honor killing was abolished, which justified the killing of mothers, wives and sisters in the case of dishonorable behavior.
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Women VoteCrown or Republic?
On April 1945 the allied forces and partisans freed Italy from German and fascist, so after the liberation, Italy took its democratic life.
On the 2nd June 1946 they had to choose between the Monarchy and Republic and for the first time women could vote. Population voted Republic.
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Women Vote
The first president was Luigi Einaudi
On 25th June 1946 it was settled the Assemblee Costituent and the Constitution was born to garantee man values.
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Women DayIt was only until 1977 that the Women’s Day is officially recognized by the United Nations. It was 8th March 1857, some workers of New York protested to improve their working conditions. They struck against poor wages and poor conditions in which they were forced to work.
The symbol “8th March” was invented in Italy and the choice of “mimosa” hasn’t a ideological meaning, but it grew near the tombs of the dead women.
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School - University
The development of Italian schools is a slow process because of economy.
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School - University
During the Fascism policy, the school had important and deep reforms which lasted for long.
1959Education was compulsary till the 5° class years.
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School - University
The Establishment of the Italian Republic states the principle that art and science are free and free is teaching them. Higher education shall promote the progress of science.The reform provided three sectors:• university education;• artistic and musical training;• technical training and other opportunities.
University of Bologna since 1088
Federico II Napoli since 1224
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Students Movement
In 1968 Italy was characterised of young and workers manifestations because of deep social discontent caused by the economical development that hadn’t brought a change of the social class. Factories as the FIAT reacted with strikes.
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Students MovementAt the strikes of workers participated the students who claimed the right to study. They occupied school and universities. On 21st December passed the law in favour of workers.The ‘68 was characterized as an ethic political revolt of young against society.Themes as pacifism, antiracism, dominion women rights, environment became discussions in the political debate of the world.
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Personalities
Tina Anselmi
first woman Minister of the Italian Republic.
Nilde Iotti
first woman President of the Italian Camera Deputati
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Personalities
Memory day
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Celebrities
Today women are the most important Italian Rita Levi Montalcini, scientist, life-senator and Nobel prize for medicine.
Margherita Hack astrophysics has been for a long time collaborator of 'ESA and NASA’. As appreciation for his important contribution, she was named an asteroid.
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Celebrities
Carlo Rubbia
Italian physicist and inventor discovered W and Z particles at CERN.Nobel 1984.
Antonino Zichichi
Italian physicist, worked in the field of nuclear.
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Lifestyle
Miniskirt
Music
Language Policy
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Miniskirt
At the end of 19th the feminist movements contested the long skirts because uncorfortable and during the first World War spread the use of trousers. At the end of War the skirts shortned and spread thanks to stylists.
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Miniskirt
In Italy the miniskirt spread in 1966 but it was’nt appreciated by public opinion and girls wore at parties only.The miniskirts shorter and shorter became the symbol of female sexual freedom.In the ‘70s the miniskirt meant woman-object.
Later 1979-85 the shorts fashion in jeans took the place
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Miniskirt
“Valentino” the great italian stylist presents his models.
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Music
The Hippy culture was in its origin a young movement started in the United States in the '60s and spread all over the world.
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MusicThe word hippy comes from Hipster – Beatnik – Hippy – Children’s Flowers.Their ideals were “PEACE and FREEDOM” and the slogan “Put flowers in your guns” meant “LOVE not WAR”.
“Put flowers in your gunsbecause we never want in the skymolecules sickbut musical notesforming agreementsa ballad for peace,peace, peace..“
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MusicIn 1965 the Beatles perform in Milan, Genoa, Tourin.
Let it be, let it be. YeahThere will be an answer, let it be
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MusicA musical festival of Italian songs. The singers present original songs for the first time. It started in 1951 in the beautiful town of Sanremo.
The first winner was a woman:Nilla Pizzi
Grazie dei fioriGrazie dei fioriGrazie tutti gli altri li ho riconosciutiMi han fatto male eppure li ho graditi.
Papaveri e papere“Lo sai che i papaveri son alti, alti, altie tu sei piccolina, e tu sei piccolina,lo sai che i papaveri son alti, alti, alti,sei nata peperina, che cosa ci vuoi far…”
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Music
Domenico Modugno His first song “Volare”.
Adriano Celentano
His famous song “Azzurro”.
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Music
Riccardo Cocciante
a famous song “Margherita” and the first Musical “Notre Dame de Paris”.
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Music
A famous singer from Basilicata: Arisa with her song “Sincerità”.
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Music
“Il Teatro alla Scala” of Milan is among the most famous in the world. Here have sung the most important lyrical singers of the world.
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Music“Cavalleria rusticana” is an opera in one act played in 1926 at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan by Pietro Mascagni.
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Music
Turandot“...Dilegua, o notte!... Tramontate, stelle!...All'alba vincerò!... Vincerò!... Vincerò!..”
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MusicThe most important lyrical singers:
Maria Callas Luciano Pavarotti
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Music
Carla Fracci, one of the best classical dancers in the world.
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MusicThe Royal Teatro San Carlo, best known as the Teatro San Carlo, is the theatre of Naples. It was founded by Charles of Bourbon in 1737 and it is the oldest theatre still active of European opera. It has been recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
First Stendhal then Burney say, “it is a splendour too dazzling to eyes”.
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Music
Eduardo De Filippo famous italian actor playwriter, film and theatre director.
Natale in casa Cupiello
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Language Policy
First political parties
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Language Policy
Total confusion!!!
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Art
Art
Cinema
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Art“900” Universal Dinamism
Simultaneous visions
Umberto Boccioni
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Art“900” Universal Dinamism
Lucio Fontana
Objects that superimpose
Exaltation of sleepness and running as cars
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Art“900” Universal Dinamism
Colour contrasts
Giorgio Morandi Piero Manzoni
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Art“900” Universal Dinamism
Futurist visions, scientific, technological progress
Giacomo Balla
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Art“900” Universal Dinamism
Progress exaltation aggressive movement
Metaphysics
Giacomo Balla
Giorgio De Chirico
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Art“900” Universal Dinamism
Cubism
Amedeo Modigliani
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Art“900” Universal Dinamism
Renzo Piano is an important Italian architect known internationally.
Paul Klee Centre – Switzerland
Biosfera - Genova
Centre Pompidou - Paris
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CinemaItalian cinema started few months after the first showing of Lumiere brothers in 1896. It organised as industry in Tourin, Rome, Naples and Venice. Between 1810 and 1814 it was important in all over the world. During the fascist policy a fix structures was built and Mussolini inaugurated Cinecittà that was like Hollywood.
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CinemaAt the end of the Second World War a moviment of art-culture developed in the name of Neorealism.The aim was do show the real social situation of the country .The main producers were:
Vittorio De Sicawith “Ladri di bicicletta”
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Cinema
Roberto Rossellini
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CinemaFederico Fellini
with “La dolce vita”
Anita Ekberg bathing in the Fontana di Trevi, Roma
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Cinema
prince Antonio de Curtis, in art Totò
with “Totò, Peppino e la malafemmina”
In the ‘60 Italy was the strongest centre of production in Europe.Most important comic player was Totò with about 100 films.
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CinemaSofia Loren
in the film “La Ciociara”
at the Oscar
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CinemaOther famous italian actor is Alberto Sordi.
Alberto Sordiwith “Un americano a Roma”
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CinemaEnormous success was the “Italian western” produced bySergio Leone
Clint Eastwoodwith “Per un pugno di dollari”
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CinemaLuchino Visconti produced:
the “Gattopardo”
and
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CinemaPasolini, writer player and director produced “Vangelo Secondo Matteo” set in Matera (Basilicata)
Also Mel Gibson set his film “The Passion” in Matera (Basilicata).
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CinemaLina Wertmuller director of “I Basilischi”
Rocco Papaleo set “Basilicata Coast to Coast”
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CinemaRoberto Benigni won two Oscars thanks to his work
“La vita è bella”
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ItalyModern Society
V E and IV Bs Liceo Scientifico Statale “Galileo Galilei” Potenza, Italy a.s. 2010/11
Headmaster: Dr. Camilla M. Schiavo
Teachers: Grazia Allegretti, Donata Biondo, Maria Titti Lotito, De Carlo Giuseppe
Images, sounds and texts have been made in the school labs by the team.
Images, sounds and videos which are under copyright have been used only for didactic purposes and we are disposed to remove them immediately if requested.
Students VE: Agoglia Aurora, Bolognese Valentina, Caponigro Margherita, D’Aquino Francesco, Garramone Michele, Ginefra Natascia, Giordano Margherita, Gruosso Monica, Lacerenza Gianna, Locaspi Marialetizia, Mollica Aurora, Nolè Margherita, Parrella Mariangela, Pica Antonio Manfredi, Pietrafesa Vita Alba, Potenza Teresa, Prete Michela, Rubino Erminia Gaia, Santomauro Antonella, Scarfiello Donatello
Students IVBs: Damiano Antonio, Fiore Giusy, Monaco Carmen, Rossi Simone
In order to plan, organize and make possible this research we thank a lot the following team: