CD10: Young Children with CD10: Young Children with Special NeedsSpecial Needs

Ch 7: Gross Motor Ch 7: Gross Motor DevelopmentDevelopment

Chapter 7 Content OverviewChapter 7 Content Overview

Four Basic Gross Motor SkillsFour Basic Gross Motor Skills

Reasons for Gross Motor DelayReasons for Gross Motor Delay

Diagnosing Gross Motor DelaysDiagnosing Gross Motor Delays

Intervention Strategies Intervention Strategies

Four Basic Gross Motor SkillsFour Basic Gross Motor SkillsExtension (pg 231)Extension (pg 231)– The head and limbs move away from the bodyThe head and limbs move away from the body

Flexion (pg 232)Flexion (pg 232)– The head and limbs move toward the bodyThe head and limbs move toward the body

Coactivation (pg 233)Coactivation (pg 233)– Ability to control both extension and flexion Ability to control both extension and flexion

Rotation (pg 233)Rotation (pg 233)– Turning one body part in relation to another Turning one body part in relation to another

body partbody part

The Bottom Line:The Bottom Line:

““Due to an imbalance in Due to an imbalance in development of flexion and development of flexion and extension, good control in extension, good control in coactivation and rotation may not coactivation and rotation may not occur. These children may be quite occur. These children may be quite fearful of movement.” (pg 238)fearful of movement.” (pg 238)

Typical Development ChartsTypical Development Charts

Table 7.1: Table 7.1: – Age of Acquisition for InfantsAge of Acquisition for Infants

Table 7.2: Table 7.2: – Age of Acquisition for toddlers and Age of Acquisition for toddlers and

preschoolers(pg 234)preschoolers(pg 234)

Reasons for Gross Motor DelayReasons for Gross Motor DelayPremature birth (pg 241)Premature birth (pg 241)– Hypertonicity (low muscle tone)Hypertonicity (low muscle tone)– Classic posture of head turned and arms/legs Classic posture of head turned and arms/legs

splayedsplayed

Postural & muscle tone delays (Postural & muscle tone delays (pg 244 picturepg 244 picture))– Spastic or flaccid musclesSpastic or flaccid muscles– Asymmetrical muscle tone, scoliosisAsymmetrical muscle tone, scoliosis

Sensory Registration Sensory Registration – Organizing physical stimulationOrganizing physical stimulation– Making sense of what they feel, see, hear, Making sense of what they feel, see, hear,

smell and tastesmell and taste

Processing DisordersProcessing Disorders– Difficulty perceiving own movementsDifficulty perceiving own movements– Difficulty perceiving touchDifficulty perceiving touch

Race, ethnicity and culture (pg 239)Race, ethnicity and culture (pg 239)– Genetic differences (size, skeletal differences)Genetic differences (size, skeletal differences)– Environmental influences (choices available)Environmental influences (choices available)– Child-rearing practices (needs and location of Child-rearing practices (needs and location of

culture; rural, suburban, urban)culture; rural, suburban, urban)

Diagnosing Gross Motor DelaysDiagnosing Gross Motor Delays

Cerebral PalsyCerebral Palsy

Traumatic Brain InjuryTraumatic Brain Injury

Spina BifidaSpina Bifida

Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis

InjuryInjury

Down SyndromeDown Syndrome

AutismAutism

Cerebral PalsyCerebral Palsy

What does it look liWhat does it look like?ke?

How do we treat itHow do we treat it??

Resources for treatResources for treatmentment??

Traumatic Brain InjuryTraumatic Brain Injury

What does it look likeWhat does it look like??

How do we treat itHow do we treat it??

What are some of the What are some of the consequences consequences of TBI?of TBI?

Spina BifidaSpina Bifida

What does it look What does it look like?like?

How can we treat How can we treat it?it?

SEE STRAIGHT SEE STRAIGHT AHEADAHEAD

SIT WITH HIS SIT WITH HIS HANDS FREEHANDS FREE

EXPLORE HIS EXPLORE HIS SURROUNDINSURROUNDINGSGS

STAND WITH STAND WITH HIS HANDS HIS HANDS FREEFREE

SIT, SIT, STAND, STAND, AND AND WALK WALK

NormalNormal

                                                                            

                                      

                                  

                  

                

                                        

  

Spina bifidaSpina bifida

                      

                                                                   

Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis

What does it look likeWhat does it look like??

How do we treat it?How do we treat it?

What are some resourcesWhat are some resources??

InjuryInjury

How do injuries occurHow do injuries occur??

What does it look likeWhat does it look like??

How do we treat it?How do we treat it?

What are some resources?What are some resources?

Down SyndromeDown SyndromeWhat does it look What does it look like?like?

How do we treat it?How do we treat it?

What are some What are some resources?resources?

AutismAutismWhat does it look What does it look like?like?

How do we treat it?How do we treat it?

What are some What are some resources?resources?

Parents Helping Parents Helping ParentsParents