cdbsrt handout for january 2007

8/15/2019 CDBSRT Handout for January 2007

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January 2007Covering the Monthly Theme for February:

“Citizenship”

http://cardinaldistrict.net/



District/Council Calendar for January, February, and March

Jan 4 Recharter Information Meeting, 7:30pm Virginia UMC Conference Center, 10300 Staples Mill Road in Glen Allen

Jan 6 FOS Unit Captain Training Breakfast, 8:30amRichmond Elks Lodge #45, 10022 Elks Pass Lane in Innsbrook

Jan 16 Cardinal District Committee Meeting, 7:00pm to 9:00pm with light dinner at 6:30pm

Salon B, Markel Building, 4600 Cox Road in Innsbrook

Jan 27 Patrick Henry Public Speaking and Communications, 8:00am to 12:00pm, Short Pump MS

Feb 3 Recharter Day for Cardinal District units

Feb 3 Patrick Henry Public Speaking and Communications, 8:00am to 12:00pm, Short Pump MS

Feb 6 Cardinal District Boy Scout Leader Roundtable, 7:30pm at Virginia UMC Center

Feb 8 Scout Anniversary Day

Feb 10 Patrick Henry Communications ONLY, 8:00am to 12:00pm, Short Pump Middle School

Feb 20 Cardinal District Committee Meeting, 7:00pm to 9:00pm with light dinner at 6:30pmSalon B, Markel Building, 4600 Cox Road in Innsbrook

Feb 23-25 Cardinal District Merit Badge Weekend, Camp T. Brady Saunders

Feb 28 New Leader Essentials, 7:00pm to 9:30pm, location TBA

Mar 3 Scoutmaster Leader Specific Training (Indoors), time and location TBA

Mar 6 Cardinal District Boy Scout Leader Roundtable, 7:30pm at Virginia UMC Center

Mar 10 College of Commissioner Science, University of Richmond, 8:30am to 4:30pm$25 if signed up by Feb 8th, $30 if by March 7th, $35 after March 7th

Mar 15-17 Order of the Arrow Spring Ordeal, Camp T. Brady Saunders

Mar 20 Cardinal District Committee Meeting, 7:00pm to 9:00pm with light dinner at 6:30pmSalon B, Markel Building, 4600 Cox Road in Innsbrook

Mar 23-25 Introduction to Outdoor Leader Skills, 6:30pm Fri to 4:30pm Sun, Camp T. Brady Saunders

Cardinal District Meherrin/ Weyanoke DistrictsJason Smith Geoffrey Angle

(804) 204-2648 (434) 390-0466 [email protected] [email protected]

Battlefield District Capitol District Crater DistrictBrett Smiley Phillip Duggins Marcus Ragland(804) 204-2620 (804) 204-2616 (804) [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Northern Neck/Rappahannock Districts Huguenot Trail District Arrohattoc DistrictPhillip Mumford David Tate Josiah Leonard(804) 204-2620 (804) 204-2626 (804) [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


















Saluting the Life of a Great American

President Gerald R. Ford

The nation’s first and only Eagle Scout to becomePresident of the United States

The Boy Scouts in this 1929 photoare Joe McIntosh (left) and future

president Gerald R. Ford.

This group of scouts in 1929 include Gerald R. Ford(front row, left of center).

Gerald Ford with the Eagle Scout Guard of Honor at Mackinac Island State Park, MI. Thetroop guided visitors around Mackinac Islandand raised and lowered the flag each day.

August, 1929

Gerald R. Ford, Jr. poses with other EagleScouts and Michigan Governor Fred Green

during a photo opportunity onMackinac Island, MI. August 1929.



Cardinal District Merit Badge Weekend

Merit Badge Weekend will be held on February 23-25, 2007, at Camp Brady Saunders. Participants may arrive Friday eveningto set up campsites after checking in at the Welcome Center at the Cub Camp. Campsite areas will be assigned at that time.

Check-in Procedures: Upon entering the reservation from Maidens Road, troops will proceed to the right towards the CubCamp parking lot. Only one vehicle per troop will be permitted to continue to Douglas Fleet to off load equipment. One vehiclepass per troop will be issued. The vehicle is to be returned to the parking lot at the Cub Camp for the duration of the weekendin order to keep the road clear for emergency vehicle access (and to prevent confrontations between vehicles and youth!). Forthe safety of participants, your cooperation is greatly appreciated.

Registration: The registration fee for adult leaders is $5.00. The registration fee is $12.00 per Scout for all units registeringby February 16, 2007, at the Council Service Center. The late registration fee is $18.00 per Scout after February 16, 2007. Anadditional fee of $12.00 per Scout is required for the Space Exploration merit badge; an additional fee of $10.00 per Scout isrequired for the Leatherworking merit badge and an additional fee of $15.00 for the Woodcarving Merit Badge. There willalso be an additional charge for Shotgun similar to the charge at summer camp payable to the counselor at the time of class.

Class Size: In order to provide quality instruction, merit badge class sizes will be limited. Every effort will be made toaccommodate merit badge requests, which are turned in by the deadline. Merit badge classes will be filled in the order inwhich registrations are received. Late registrants may have to select from merit badge classes with space available.

Special Note: Due to the high demand and limited resources for merit badge classes for First Aid, Emergency Preparedness,Citizenship in the Community, Citizenship in the Nation, and Citizenship in the World, only those Scouts registered by February16, 2007, will be considered for these classes and will be placed on a first registered-first placed system. The Scout’s namemust be on the registration form to be considered; no blank registrations will be considered. The Scoutmaster will be notifiedvia e-mail (if the e-mail address is included on the registration form) for those Scouts not placed in the above listed meritbadge classes.

Prerequisites: Please pay careful attention to the merit badge list and the prerequisites and try to match Scouts withthe type of merit badge for which they are best qualified. And please provide prerequisite information to the Scout to enablehim to prepare for the class. Merit badge counselors have requested that each Scout has obtained and has read the meritbadge book before Merit Badge Weekend. Since there will be a large number of Scouts in need of books, please contact theScout Shop as early as possible to arrange for the manuals for your troop's needs. All Scouts must bring their merit badgepamphlet and an Application for Merit Badge (blue card) that has been signed by their Scoutmaster when they go totheir class at 8:30 AM on Saturday.

Forms and Information: Registration forms and further details will be available soon in downloadable format on theCardinal website, www.cardinaldistrict.net and to pick up at the council service center.

New Scouts/ New Venturers: New Scouts who have recently crossed over from Webelos patrols are encouraged to attend.Suitable merit badges are available for all ages of Scouts. If you would like to add Scouts who joined your troop after youhave sent your registration, contact Matt Nixon at 337-1014 or e-mail [email protected]. The fees for these Scoutsmay be paid at camp during check-in. (No late fee for Scouts who “crossed over” after the registration deadline.) ThePamunkey chapter of the Order of the Arrow will again sponsor the “Scout Fundamentals” program for new Scouts and new

Venturers.

Health Forms: Each unit must have with it the health forms of all its campers in camp at all times. If there are special healthrequirements for any Scout or adult leader, please notify the Business Manager, Matt Nixon.

Order of the Arrow: The Order of the Arrow will perform a call out ceremony at the campfire Saturday night. Please notethat this will be a call-out ceremony for newly elected candidates. Any units that wish to hold O.A. elections should submittheir requests to the OA Chapter through the chapter’s website at www.pamunkey7.com. Please note: elections will not beperformed during the event.

Leader Briefing: Scoutmasters and Senior Patrol Leaders are invited to a cracker barrel and fellowship at 10:00 p.m. onFriday night in the dining hall! Any unresolved issues can be addressed at this time.

Please complete the registration form and return it to the Scout Service Center by Friday, February 16, 2007. Please forwardany questions to Business Manager, Matt Nixon at 337-1014 or e-mail [email protected].


http://www.pamunkey7.com/



http://www.pamunkey7.com/





Backpacking Outing of the Month

Big Schloss

In German, schloss means "castle." In Virginia, schloss can only refer to one geologic wonder, a towering outcropof sandstone on Mill Mountain. Big Schloss is a popular day trip from Wolf Gap Recreation Area, a primitivecamping site two miles south. A more strenuous trip begins far to the north, in a quiet river valley better known byhunters than hikers. The hike begins at Wilson Cove Wildlife Management Area, a 5,200-acre piece of the national

forest designated for muzzleloader buck hunting only, in late November and early December. Along Pond Run, old-growth hemlocks stand out from the smaller trees growing thick along this stream. Rock slides, steep inclines,overlooks, and quiet views off Mill Mountain follow in succession.

Start: From the bridge over Waites Run on Waites Run Road (West Virginia Route 5/West Virginia Route 1).

Distance: 19.5 miles, loop

Difficulty: Moderate due to the length, sections of rocky and uneven trail, and steep climbs

Trail surface: Dirt forest paths and old logging roads lead through rock formations and cove forests along Pond Run andLittle Stony Creek.

Nearest town: Wardensville, WV

Finding the trailhead: From Strasburg: Follow Virginia Route 55 (also called Wardensville Pike) west for 20 miles, crossing

into West Virginia en route. In Wardensville, bear left at the Virginia Route 55/Virginia Route 259 junction. In 0.5 mile, turnleft onto Carpenters Avenue, at the 7-Eleven store. In 0.8 mile, turn right onto Waites Run Road (WV 5/WV 1). Pass acommunity park on the left. Enter George Washington National Forest in 1.3 miles. In 5.3 miles, reach a concrete bridgespanning Waites Run. Across the bridge a sign indicates the boundary of Wilson Cove Wildlife Management Area (WMA).There are pull-offs for cars on either side of the stream and campsites for late-day arrivals.Deiorme: Virginia Atlas & Gazetteer: 3, A6.

The Native American phrase for Appalachia translates roughly as"endless mountain." That seems an apt description standing atopone of Mill Mountains many outcrops. The view west is of onemountain rippling onto another and another, each one dissected bya narrow, wooded valley. Trees drape the entire landscape — a rarescene in these otherwise well-developed hills.

Mill Mountain attracts hikers just for these kinds of panoramas. Thetrail is well marked and the views easy to find. It's hard to imaginethat this same trip, if undertaken 300 years ago, would beconsidered folly. On the whole, early settlers avoided steep uphillroutes across mountains. Huge oaks and chestnut trees madepassage difficult; a frustrating undergrowth of laurel, creeper, andshrubs reduced their pace to a crawl. Instead, settlers stuck toroads through the valleys, routes first blazed by Native Americans.The most famous, the Great Warriors Path, became the GreatWagon Road as settlers replaced indigenous populations. Sonumerous were the Scotch-Irish, German, and English migrants

moving south on the Great Wagon Road from Pennsylvania, it hasbeen said travelers numbered in the tens of thousands up to theRevolutionary War.

Before settlers, Iroquois Indians had used the north-south route forhundreds of years. Virginia Governor Alexander Spotswood and hiscompanion explorers found the route when they reached the shoresof the Shenandoah River. Marked by hatchet notches in trees, theGreat Warriors Path aided Iroquois travel from Canada intosouthern regions for war and trade. It -was on one such trip that aband of Iroquois stayed south and settled in villages on the Neuseand Pamlico Rivers in northeastern North Carolina, which is whereEuropean traders and explorers encountered these "mild" and"gentle" people. Their name, from the Iroquoian word for "hempgatherers," was Tuscarora.



Whatever the English's first impression, relationsbetween the Tuscaroras and settlers turned ugly.Broken treaties and a rash of kidnappings of Indianchildren contributed to a Tuscarora-led massacre in1711, at New Bern in North Carolina. (English settlershad built New Bern on the site of a Native Americantown, Chattoka.) The killings were unusually brutal.Women were pinned to the floor and staked through,children killed, and homes burned. A two-year warensued. By 1713, the Tuscaroras were defeated.

Chieftains sent word north along the Great WarriorPath to the League of Five Nations, in upstate New

York, asking for help. In 1714, the Tuscaroras beganmigrating up the Appalachians into Virginia, Maryland,Pennsylvania, and, finally. New York. A Virginiansettler in the 1750s and 1760s might see groups of these Indians, their worldly possessions piled onhorseback, traveling in small bands, sometimessettling in an area for years, then moving north again.Officially, the Tuscaroras were accepted into theLeague of Five Nations (now Six Nations) in 1722.Their migration lasted at least another half centurybeyond this date. Today, their tribe numbers 600people on reservation land near Niagara Falls.

In name and spirit, the Tuscaroras remain in Virginiato this day. At Waites Run, a hiker who steps ontoTuscarora Trail enters a forest world of mountainstreams and hemlock groves. The wide-trunkedevergreens show black, gnarled roots, some reachinginto Pond Run, soaking in the water. Along thisstream, Tuscarora Trail shares the path with Pond

Run Trail. In a gap between Half Moon and Mill Mountains, Tuscarora Trail branches east. Uphill from a good spring at theheadwaters of Half Moon Run, the blue-blazed route plunges left into heavy woods. The grade steepens. Boulders and smallrocks make walking difficult. The fractured gray rock underfoot shows a quartz-pebble conglomerate. In these stones, theTuscarora name crops up again as Tuscarora sandstone, a type found at the core of mountains from Virginia to Pennsylvania.(Admittedly, the term sandstone gives reason to pause. This is, after all, one of the most erosion-resistant rocks in the

Appalachians, a fact at odds with the idea of sand, which is easily eroded. The key here is metamorphism — a change inwhich a rock, subjected to intense, volcanolike heat and pressure, changes and becomes a new rock. So the chief ingredient

of sandstone is recrystallized sand — sand subjected to so much heat and pressure it turned to quartzite, which is one of themost resistant rocks around.)

The hiker and Tuscarora Trail part on Mill Mountain, where the latter turns east and heads for the Shenandoah National Park while the Mill Mountain Trail follows the ridgeline south. From Waites Run, the trail has climbed 1,500 feet; the next 4 milesundulate more gently on a slope leading south to Big Schloss. It's a dry hike. Except for water at Sandstone Spring, there areno reliable sources on the ridge. There are, however, views. Short branch trails end at rough-textured rocks that will skinknees and elbows if you scramble up for a view. Finally, there is Big Schloss (German for "castle") visible above tree line,accessible by boardwalks over crevices and steep rock faces. Free-fall views surround the high point on this rock formation —there's nothing but blue sky east-west-north-south and straight up.

From the high-and-dry altitude of Mill Mountain, Big Schloss Cut-off Trail descends through a sea of mountain laurel (peak blooms in June) to reach Little Stony Creek.Where the trail on Mill Mountain is bedded with sand and stone flints, the route upStony Creek Trail is muddy, lined with ferns, and full of chirping birds. There are red-eyed vireos, Acadian fly catchers, andoven birds rustling about the brush. Scarlet tanager roost on treetops, then swoop in a flash of red to feed on insects in the

brush. Also present are warblers, although hardly in numbers they once were. This songbird's decline in the Southern Appalachians is an alarm for naturalists. The decline rate varies by species, but as a whole, nearly three-quarters of the fiftywarbler species known to inhabit the southern forests are in decline. For an explanation, look no further than the burned andclear-cut forest along Little Stoney Creek below Forest Road 92. Habitat loss and fragmentation, whether caused by logging,development, or natural events, has impacted warblers to a degree that has made it an issue of study by the Forest Service.

Past Sugar Knob Cabin, Stony Creek Trail intersects the Tuscarora Trail and the return to Waites Run begins. Just when itfeels the hike won't end, reach the gap between Half Moon and Mill Mountains.The route downhill along Pond Run leads tothe trailhead, but consider shedding the pack here for one final viewpoint. Follow white blazes out of the campground to arock outcrop on the edge of the mountain. The view from here is endless. The Indians had an apt description for this kind of view: Appalachian.



Miles and Directions

0.0 START from a signboard for Pond Run Trail. (Note: The Pond Run Trai! is also known as the Tuscarora Trail) Standing on theconcrete bridge spanning Waites Run, looking upstream, the signboard is on the right stream bank. From it, a blue-blazed dirtfootpath climbs over a small hill and drops back to water and follows Waites Run upstream.

0.4 Veer right to follow the trail up Pond Run. Prior to this, there are campsites under hemlocks on your left. (Note: Green paint slasheson trees alongside the trail designate the wildlife management area, not the trail.)

0.5 Make the first of eight stream crossings on Pond Run as you walk up a cove past fine specimens of old-growth hemlock.

1.4 After crossing Pond Run once again, the trail passes a thick-trunked hemlock and climbs a rocky route up the right hillside, (FYI: Berrybushes crop up in the understory, signaling passage from the moist environment of the stream to drier slope environs.)

2.2 A glade of waist-high ferns heralds the approaching gap in Great North Mountain between Mill Mountain and Half Moon Mountain.

2.4 Reach a grassy junction. Turn left and immediately pass a campsite on the right. (An unmarked footpath, marked with white "i"blazes, descends from this campsite to a rock outcrop with a beautiful view of unspoiled forest land.) (Note: One-tenth of a mile pastthe campsite is a spring, the last reliable water source for 3 miles.)

2.7 Bear left onto a narrow, rocky, blue-blazed footpath. Avoid the old road that climbs the hill to the right. A sign states this road isclosed for re-seed ing. The footpath is a newly constructed leg of the Tuscarora Trail and covers some rugged ground as it bendsaround Mill Mountain to a bluff overlooking Wilson Cove and Paddy Mountain, before cutting southeast to meet Mill Mountain Trail.

3.9 Tuscarora Trail empties into a grassy clearing. Walk straight through the clearing and onto Mill Mountain Trail, a dirt road overgrownwith grass. (A right turn leads along a now-abandoned section of Tuscarora/Big Blue. A left turn is the return trail from Sugar KnobShelter.)

4.3 A trail branches off to the right to a now-destroyed air beacon site and a metal shed. Past this Junction, the trail threads a set of concrete posts and reverts to a singletrack woods path. (FYI: The trail to the old air beacon is crowded with huckleberry, which bloomin early June.)

5.4 After a steep, rocky decline, reach Sandstone Spring, shaded by hemlocks. (FYI: This is a good water source and campsite.)

6.0 An unmarked trail to the right reaches an overlook west to Long Mountain. From here, you also get a nice view south along the spine

of Great North Mountain, a range once called Devil’s Backbone6.7 Reach the Big Schloss Cut-off Trail branching left off Mill Mountain Trail. From here, the Big Schloss rock formation is 1.2 miles

straight ahead on Mill Mountain Trail. Continue straight.

7.9 Reach Big Schloss. Views span 360 degrees east across the Great Valley and west into West Virginia. To continue this loop hike,return to Mill Mountain Trail and the Big Schloss Cut-off.

9.1 Back at the junction of Mill Mountain Trail and Big Schloss Cut-off Trail, descend the east slope of Mill Mountain on the Cut-offTrail onsteep switchbacks amid slicks of mountain laurel.

10.8 Pass a signboard inviting hikers to join the Stonewall Brigade, a trail maintenance group. The trail drops to Forest Road 92. Turn leftand follow the gravel road downhill.

11.1 An unmarked logging road drops off the right side of FR 92. This marks a bushwhack to Little Stony Creek that takes you throughlandscape scarred by clear-cutting and fire. After descending on the logging road and passing through a clearing, find any one of anumber of animal paths through the entanglement of vines and briars. Past this thick undergrowth is a dirt logging road. At this point,Little Stony Creek is audible, but obscured by a fringe of woods. Turn left and follow the logging road. There are several largeblowdowns that force detours into the brush, but this logging road remains the main trail to FR 92.

11.5 Pass a dirt road leading to campsites on Little Stony Creek. Two more roads leading to Little Stony and good campsites follow in quick succession.

11.7 Reach FR 92. Cross the gravel road and re-enter the woods. Little Stony Creek Trail is a narrow yellow-blazed path that follows thestream, crosses several times, then climbs with alternating steep pitches and level stretches.

15.2 Reach Sugar Knob Cabin, a PATC-sponsored hut. There is a spring in the vicinity and several fire rings. (FYI: The PATC cabin is lockedand for use through reservations only. Call (703) 242-0693.)

15.3 Turn left onto the Tuscarora/Big Blue Trail, a wide road overgrown with grass. (FYI: As you climb, look off to the sides for knee-highant mounds.)

15.9 Turn right at the junction with Mill Mountain Trail. This spot completes the Mill Moutain/Little Stony Creek loop.

17.1 Turn right onto Pond Run Trail and head down the shaded mountain stream valley. (FYI: Take time as you descend to notice howdifferent the trees and terrain seem. You climbed this trail at the start of the hike, but it seems a different trail altogether as youdescend.)

19.5 Hike ends at Waites Run Road.



Trail contacts: Lee Ranger District, Edinburg, VA, (540) 984-4101, www.southernregion.fs.fed.us/gwj/lee

Schedule: Open year-round. Hunting is permitted in national forests. Wilson Cove WMA hosts a special muzzle-loadingseason in December. Deer season lasts from November to early January

Fees/permits: No fees or permits required

http://www.souternregion.fs.fed.us/gwj/lee

http://www.souternregion.fs.fed.us/gwj/lee



Leave No Trace Features of the MonthItems fromThe Backcountry Hiker used with permission from Robert Lord

To subscribe to the newsletter, send an email to [email protected]

Leave No Trace Winter Use Principles

Winter is upon us and we all want to get out and continue our adventures. Skiing, snowshoeing, and other winter sports.We also still like our hiking and camping. Here are the winter use principles. Let’s all have a wonderful winter and

please be safe.

Plan Ahead and Prepare♦ Know the area and what to expect; ALWAYS check avalanche and weather reports prior to departure.♦ Consult maps and local authorities about high danger areas, safety information, and regulations for the area you plan

to visit.♦ Prepare for extreme weather, hazards and emergencies.♦ Monitor snow conditions frequently. Carry and use an avalanche beacon, probe and shovel, if appropriate.♦ Educate yourself by taking a winter backcountry travel course.♦ Visit the backcountry in small groups, but never alone. Leave your itinerary with family or friends.♦ Repackage food into reusable containers.♦ Use a map and compass to eliminate the need for tree markings, rock cairns or flagging.

Travel and Camp on Safe, Durable Surfaces

On the trail ♦ Stay on deep snow cover whenever possible; in muddy spring conditions, stay on snow or walk in the middle of

the trail to avoid creating new trails and damaging trailside plants.♦ Travel and camp away from avalanche paths, cornices, steep slopes and unstable snow.

At camp ♦ Choose a site on durable surfaces (snow, rock or mineral soil) not tundra or other fragile vegetation.♦ Camp at a safe, stable site out of view of heavily traveled routes and trails.♦ Keep pollutants out of water sources by camping at least 200 feet (~70 adult steps) from recognizable lakes and

streams - consult your map.

Dispose of Waste Properly♦ Pack It In, Pack It Out. Pack out everything you bring with you. Burying trash and litter in the snow or ground is

unacceptable.♦ Pick up all food scraps, wax shavings and pieces of litter. Pack out all trash: yours and others.

♦ Pack out solid human waste. In lieu of packing it out, cover and disguise human waste deep in snow away fromtravel routes and at least 200 feet (70 adult steps) from water sources.

♦ Use toilet paper or wipes sparingly. Pack them out.♦ If necessary, use small amounts of biodegradable soaps for dishes and widely distribute dishwater.♦ Inspect your campsite for trash and evidence of your stay. Dismantle all snow shelters, igloos or wind breaks.

Naturalize the area before you leave.

Leave What You Find♦ Leave all plants, rocks, animals and historical or cultural artifacts as you find them.♦ Let nature’s sounds prevail. Keep loud voices and noises to a minimum.

Minim ize Campfire Impacts♦ Campfires cause lasting impacts in the backcountry. Always carry a lightweight camp stove for cooking.♦ Use dead downed wood if you can find it. Put out all fires completely. Widely scatter cool ashes.

♦ Do not cut or break limbs off live, dead or downed trees.

Respect Wildlife♦ Winter is an especially vulnerable time for animals. Observe wildlife from a distance. Do not follow or approach them.♦ Never feed wildlife or leave food behind to be eaten.♦ Protect wildlife and your food by storing rations and trash securely.

Be Considerate of Other Visitors♦ Be respectful of other users. Share the trail and be courteous.♦ Yield to downhill and faster traffic. Prepare for blind corners.♦ When stopped, move off the trail.♦ Separate ski and snowshoe tracks where possible. Avoid hiking on ski or snowshoe tracks.♦ Learn and follow local regulations regarding pets. Control dogs. Pack out or bury all dog feces.





Real Outdoor People

Today we salute you Mr. Christmas Outdoor EquipmentDelivery Guy(Mr. Christmas Outdoor Equipment Delivery Guy)

We wake up Christmas morning and much to our surprise,right under our tree, the equipment pile rises high.(Equipment pile rises high)

We see backpacks, GPS ‘s, and water bottles to spare, enoughLNT Ethics Reference cards to share.(Lots of cards to pass around)

Even the stockings on the fireplace are seen, filled with stuff for all of our gear junky dreams.(Gear junkie's love their gifts)

So crack open an ice cold refreshing milk with your chocolatechip cookies, Oh Great Christmas Outdoor Delivery Guy.Nobody else has the best ride in the sky.

Leave No Trace Happenings in Scouting Nationw ide

David Dietz and Paul Gittler had the privilege of passing on some of their newly acquired knowledge of Leave NoTrace to a group of about 50 - 60 Webelos. The Michigami District from Detroit Area Council recently held theirannual Webelos Woods event, demonstrating many of the Boy Scout skills to the prospective new Scouts. Theyset up a display of Leave No Trace Principles, and taught the boys about camping without anyone knowing youwere there. They had a trail made up that included many items that should never be seen on a trail, or anywherefor that matter, and the boys had to remember what was out of place. They passed out the Front Trail cards toeveryone and went over all the major points. They enjoyed the display of items that should be left where theyare so that everyone else can see them and be amazed at nature (take only pictures and leave only footprints).Some of them were also surprised at the harm that can be caused by disturbing wildlife.

What can YOU do to promote LNT in YOUR district?

Kaitlyn Lord, Carl Eckert II, and Jeannette Ursem from Venture Crew 2211 in Clinton Valley Council wereawarded their Outdoor Bronze Award on December 7,2007. All three are certified Leave No Trace Trainers.

__________________________________

Everybody needs beauty as well as bread, places to play in and pray in, where nature may heal and givestrength to body and soul.

~John Muir

Used with permission from Rich Diesslin



Outdoor Cooking Recipes of the MonthSelected recipes from “Freezer Bag Cooking” by Sarah

http://www.freezerbagcooking.com

Many of Sarah’s recipes from her site refer to placing the freezer bag in a cozy after adding the hot water. What’s a cozy, you ask? A cozy

is just a pouch or wrap to keep the heat from escaping, allowing your food to cook more quickly. There are commercially made coziesavailable but Sarah notes:

“You can use a number of items to make a cozy. You can use a fleece jacket, a hat, or whatever extra clothing

you have laying around (though, if you are a true light packer, you don't have a lot of extra clothing laying

around!, and in bear country, do NOT use your clothing. Eventually you might think, I want something only for my food. You can do anything from sewing two potholders together, sewing a fleece pouch, taking a pipe

insulator (the ones you use outside on your hose faucet). These work great actually. The main point of a cozy is

to keep the heat in your freezer bag, so that your food doesn't cool too fast, and it rehydrates properly

The outside faucet cover is one the best cozy's you can make for winter & cold temperature use. It is bulky, but

it is worth the space taking, you can fit your gear into it in your backpack, and it holds a quart freezer bag

perfectly, and holds it upright, so you have a "bowl" for eating. This makes for less mess, and easier eating..”

Some of the recipes also call for dried fruits and vegetables. You can increasingly find these in local grocery stores but are also available in

specialty shops or on the web at Just Tomatoes, etc! at http://www.justtomatoes.com

Breakfast: Couscous and Fruit

Ingredients:1½ cups couscous½ cup ground dried berries of choice¼ cup ground dried bananas½ cup dried pineapple bits¼ cup raw sugar½ tsp cinnamon1 Tbl or 1 packet olive oil

At home place all ingredients in a quart freezer bag. When ready to prepare at camp, pour 3 cups boiling water into thefreezer bag. Stir well and put in a cozy for 5 minutes. Fluff the couscous and eat. Serves 2-3.

Lunch: Cold Ramen Salad

Ingredients:1 package Ramen noodles (discard flavor packet)2 Tbl dried veggie flakes or Just Veggie freeze-dried veggies1 packet salad dressing of choice (shelf stable, find at fast food places, delis or use 2 tubs of Ranch dip/dressing)

Put Ramen and veggies in a quart freezer bag. In camp add 1½ cups water (room temp), and seal. Let sit for 30 minutes to 1hour. Drain well. Add dressing and toss well. Great with cubed cheese and or pepperoni slices.

Soup: Salmon Chowder

Ingredients:3 oz pouch of salmon½ cup instant mashed potatoes½ cup dried powdered milk 1 tsp Old Bay seasoning1 tsp dried chives2 Tbl dried veggie flakes or Just Veggie freeze-dried veggies½ tsp granulated garlic½ tsp salt

Put all items except salmon in a quart freezer bag. In camp put the salmon in the freezer bag, and add 2 cups boiling water.Stir well, pop in a cozy and let sit for 10 minutes. Great with 2 or 3 packets of parmesan cheese (available at Pizza Hut).

http://www.freezerbagcooking.com/

http://www.justtomatoes.com/

http://www.justtomatoes.com/




Main Dish: Creole Albacore

Ingredients:1 pouch albacore fillets¼ tsp mesquite seasoning1 dash ea garlic powder and black pepper1 tsp dried onion2 Tbl dried bell pepper1 pouch spaghetti sauce powder (found in the packet aisle)1 packet soy sauce

1 packet lemon juice1 packet hot sauce2 cups instant white rice, uncooked

At home, combine all dry ingredients in a quart freezer bag. Put the rice in another quart freezer bag w/unopened saucepackets. In camp, combine sauce packets, dry spices and ½ cup hot water and mix well. Add the fillets and place in thebottom of a cozy. Add 2 cups of boiling water to rice and place in the cozy on top of the fillets. Leave the bags in the cozyfor15 minutes. Divide fish, sauce and rice between the two bags and enjoy! Serves 2.

Main Dish: Perk’s Beef Stroganoff

Ingredients:

2 Tbl powdered milk 1 Tbl butter buds (or use fresh butter/margarine, 1 Tbl)1 Tbl tomato powder (or soup mix)1 Tbl flourDash of pepper2 Tbl dried onion1 cube beef bullion (crushed) (or use low sodium no MSG Herb Ox Beef bouillon)¼ cup dried mushroom slices (or freeze-dried mushrooms)1 cup cooked & dried noodles (egg noodles, etc)½ cup dried hamburger

At home, combine all ingredients in a quart freezer bag. In camp, simply top with boiling water and place in a cozy for about10 minutes.

NOTE: You can buy commercially-made dried hamburger but it’s easy to make your own. Simply cook ground beef in a skilletuntil well done. You want to ground the beef down into as small pieces as possible while cooking. Drain off the fat andspread the beef out onto paper towels to soak up the rest of the fat. Place the beef on a cookie sheet and put it in a 150degree oven with the door slightly ajar for 6 hours. The dried beef should resemble small rocks and can be put in a freezerbag and stored in the freezer until ready to use. Will last for a couple of weeks on the trail without spoiling.

Dessert: S’Mores in a Freezer Bag

Ingredients:1 cup graham crackers, broken into small squares½ cup chocolate chips½ cup toasted chopped walnuts

some shredded coconutcoffee liqueur (optional but the liquid helps it melt better)

At home, combine all ingredients and then divide into two ziplock freezer bags. In camp, drop the sealed bags in hot water(not boiling!), until the chocolate melts. Remove from water and eat out of the bags. Serves: 2

Got a recipe you’d like to share? Email them [email protected] and we’ll make sure your culinary expertise is

shared with all your fellow leaders!





Cool and Possibly Useful Camping Gearfrom The Goat at http://thegoat.backcountry.com and GearFlogger at http://gearflogger.typepad.com

GSI’s Camp Gourmet Telescoping Spatula About $3 at most stores and online retailers

Maybe I’ve spent too many afternoons bent over a camp stove trying scramble eggs with aflattened beer can, but the GSI Outdoor Telescoping Spatula sounds great. GSI made it out of nylon clean up won’t be too bad after it melts to your camp stove. The best part is that it onlycosts $3, so you can just skip Starbucks for a day and break even.

Earbag Ear Warm ers About $15 at REI

Earbags sounds like either (1) airbags for your ears or (2) an act of indeterminate butundoubtedly disgusting nature required to get patched in with an outlaw motorcycle gang. In thiscase the truth is somewhat more pedestrian; we're talking fleece covers for your ears.

I saw my buddy wearing a pair while cross-country skiing and I gave him a ration about howdorky they looked. Once I had milked the topic to my own childish satisfaction I realized that yes,frequently it was only my ears that were cold, but in the same situation a hat or even a headbandmight be overkill.

So I bought a pair and I confess I was wrong. They are actually quite clever and useful and cool people do indeed wear them,as I myself prove. They keep ears warm during cold weather aerobic activity like skiing. For getting patched in with theMongols, not so much.

Dryzone Boot Dryer$19.95 at most stores and online retailers

I’m going to let you in on a little secret; the Dryzone Boot Dryer is exactly the same as theDryzone Wader Dryer. These chemical beanbags get stuffed into your sweaty gear where theysoak up moisture to dry your ski boots or waders without heat. I’m going to let you in onanother little secret — balled-up newspaper gets rid of moisture just as well as the Dryzone. Of course, then you’ll have to deal with newspaper ink all over the inside of your stuff.

Micro Solar LED Light About $21 from Compact Impact and other online retailers

Days after your food runs out, the Micro Solar LED Light will still have juice for you to check yourpack for crumbs every few minutes. It won’t have enough power to signal to the planes flyingoverhead that you need rescue, but it will be a nice comfort in your last few hours. Remember toleave it on top of your body so the hikers who find you in spring will get it with a full charge.

http://thegoat.backcountry.com/

http://gearflogger.typepad.com/

http://gearflogger.typepad.com/




ThunderBolt PRO Lightening Detector Personal UnitBetween $409-459 at Ambient Weather (http://www.ambientweather.com)

A guy I know in Salt Lake says he’s been struck by lightning six times. I tried telling him that thecenter of a lightning strike is hotter than the surface of the sun — didn’t faze him. Maybe he gotthe ThunderBolt Pro Lightning Detector Personal Unit in his stocking this year, then he can bringme some proof next time he gets struck.

The ThunderBolt storm and lightning detection system uses several warning and message screens.The display continually provides updated information about detected storm and lightning activity(range, approach speed, estimated time of arrival, and severity) as well as communicating status

of the ThunderBolt itself (low-battery warning, tone on/off). Because the on-board computer controls all functions, all youhave to do is turn the ThunderBolt on. It will even handle the job of turning itself off when operating on 9-volt battery power.

Teva Men’s Dozer About $60 from most online retailers

Sandal companies must go a little batty during the winter. Their employees all trying to wear rivershoes to work, marching through snow banks in the parking lot to space heaters hidden under

their desks. Teva’s employees’ madness has manifested itself in the Dozer. It’s a syntheticshoe/sandal made to fill the niche between hiking sandal and shoe.

LuxuryLite UltraLite Pil low $29.50 from LuxuryLite Gear (http://www.luxurylite.com)

Carrying a lightweight backpack is nice, but I have a hard time sleeping without a pillow. The 4ozLuxuryLite Ultralight Pillow folds to the size of a soda can but fills out to 19×15in. It uses an outerlayer of foam with an air bag in the center.

The breathable cover and open cell foam layer provide great circulation (no sweaty spot likeordinary plastic inflatable pillows) and soft conformance to your face and head. You inflate and deflate the air bag with anordinary soda straw or any smooth stick (like a pencil). Inflate to any thickness from 1" to 6" to fit your camping situation.Experience shows that 2" is optimum for maximum comfort for any type of pillow for most sleepers. If you need a really thick pillow, stack two LuxuryLite® Pillows for a perfect 4" thick pillow. This works great with the Cot-EL where the Pillows are onthe tent floor. No matter how much you inflate the LuxuryLite® Pillow, the surface never gets tight and hard like an airmattress because the foam layer provides softness. If the air bag does get punctured on a thorn, you can fold the pillow inhalf and still sleep great on the 1.5 inch thick foam.

Nalgene Tumblers About $8 from most stores and online retailers

Nalgene has a sweet new product that’s more than just a sippy cup for adults. The Tumbler byNalgene is a cup, shaker, mixer, measurer, and a way to share drinks if you’re not a hog. Gettingice into the backcountry is the hard part — dry ice works okay, be careful not to put it in anairtight container.

One tip: When you buy the tumbler, the cups can be tricky to pull apart. The key is to push theinner cup towards the outer cup until you hear a click, and repeat every 90 degrees, then pull thetwo apart. Don't worry, you only have to do that once.

http://www.ambientweather.com/

http://www.luxurylite.com/

http://www.luxurylite.com/

http://www.ambientweather.com/



Ultra-Cool Wilderness Survival Skills At risk of posting something of actual use to actual hikers we present:

How to Use a Signal MirrorFrom Equipped to Survive at http://www.equipped.com/signal.htm

Reflections Of Light

The signal mirror is the most basic and best all-around signaling device. Compact and simple to operate, it has beensuccessfully used for many rescues. While any shiny object can and has been used for signaling (see illustration for how to doso), a purpose made signal mirror is generally brighter and the best are much easier to aim.

In normal sunlight, the flash from a good signal mirror can easily be seen for 10 miles and generally the flash will be visible upto 50 miles, depending upon atmospheric conditions. The record rescue from one is 105 miles, at sea. A mirror will even work on bright overcast days and with moonlight, though with much reduced range. Many experts recommend carrying two as youcan then more easily signal in a 360 degree sweep with a little practice. An experienced user can signal up to 270 degrees,sometimes even a full 360 degrees if the sun is high, with a single mirror, but that is pushing it for most users. One mirror perperson isn't such a bad idea.

A mirror 4 inches by 5 inches (standard United States Coast Guard size) or 3 inches by 5 inches (standard large mil-spec size)

is ideal. Anything much larger gets to be unwieldy and can be difficult to use for extended periods or to aim accurately. Eventhe USCG size can be awkward for those with smaller hands, especially if it is made of heavy material. The smaller 2 inch by 3inch size (standard small mil-spec size) work adequately and the convenient size is an asset. There are also a fewmanufacturers that make mirrors even smaller than this. Generally, the bigger the better, since brightness is partly a functionof the reflective area. The other determinations of brightness is just how reflective the mirror actually is and how uniform andconsistent the reflected beam is, which is determined by its design, the materials used and its condition.

NOTE: We are often asked about, or see the recommendation online and elsewhere, the use of a CD-ROMas signal mirror. It is shinny, reflects light, has a hole in the center, and thus looks somewhat like a signalmirror. Moreover, many of us have lots of useless CDs around, AOL continues to send many of more of them, thus its appeal.

In tests a CD proved to be only about 20%-25% as effective (distance and brightness at distance, judgedsubjectively) as a 3 x 5 mil-spec plastic signal mirror, a bit more effective, but not even 50% compared to asmall 2 x 3 mil-spec plastic signal mirror. It would compare worse against higher quality mirrors.

From an operational persepctive, in an After-Action Report of a major SAREX (Search and Rescue TrainingExercise) conducted in 2001 by the Colorado Wing of the Civil Air Patrol, the conclusions were, "that"victims" who had never used a signal mirror (with the aiming hole in the middle) were able to use themeffectively, while CD's (AOL etc.) are useless as signal mirrors."

It also has the disadvantage of requiring two hands to aim it as compared to a signal mirror with anintegrated aiming device, the hole is not an aiming device. The mil-spec plastic mirrors also float, the CDmay or may not, and certainly not as well. Given that a good signal mirror is not very expensive and is themost effective daytime (sunlight) signaling device, using a CD hardly seems worth the savings.

Not to say you couldn't be rescued using a CD. People have been rescued using the hologram on a creditcard to signal with and the CD is far superior to that small reflective surface. A CD makes a decentimprovised signal mirror compared to many other options and since they are essentially free, it may beworth carrying some for other members of your crew or party to use, multiplying your signaling capability.

However, we cannot recommend a CD as a primary survival signaling device .

http://www.equipped.com/signal.htm

http://www.equipped.com/signal.htm



For decades the double layered glass military signal mirror has been the standard against which all others are judged. Whilethey work exceptionally well, the heavy weight of the glass, coupled with its relative fragility are definite drawbacks. They areconstructed of two pieces of glass, one mirrored, glued back to back (these days using two strips of double-sided tape), with aclear aiming "spot" in the middle. Instructions for use are visible through the back piece of glass. A metal grommet in onecorner is provided for attaching a lanyard or tether. The edges are not sealed and they do degrade or delaminate after a timeif subject to water immersion, as might occur in a water survival situation.

Commercially available ones are imported from Japan by Vector 1, Inc. (these are the same mirrors that were formerlyimported by Safesport, now out of business). These glass signal mirrors are available in three sizes: 2 x 3 inches ($8.95MSRP), 3 x 5 inches ($10.95 MSRP), and 4 x 5 inches ($11.95 MSRP). The mirrors are readily available from most outdoorsports retailers (Coghlan's Ltd. also markets them under their own brand name.)

The brilliant "fireball" presented through the aiming spot makes aiming the reflected fireball easy. The fireball is produced byretrodirective reflection from small metalized glass spheres adhered to a mesh grid or cloth disk with a center hole. This disk isin the clear spot between the two pieces of laminated materials, glass in this case, used to make up the mirror. It is possibleto signal without such an aiming device, and necessary at highly oblique angles, but it can be more difficult, especially withouttraining or clear instructions.

Rescue Reflectors offers superior glass signal mirrors, though for almost double the cost of the Japanese made units.

Another traditional mirror material has been steel, either stainless, highly polished, or chrome plated. The steel mirrorscertainly aren't fragile and will withstand considerable abuse, but they also have their weaknesses.

At best they are considerably less bright than the glass mirror in part because they simply are not as inherently reflective andalso because they tend to have a lot of distortion. The most effective metal mirrors also are a bit on the heavy side, equallingor exceeding the weight of equivalent sized glass mirrors in some instances. Those that aren't heavy usually have tremendousamounts of distortion, further reducing their effectiveness. Even the stainless mirrors are subject to corrosion and rust(stainless steel just resists rusting, it cannot prevent it) and the plated ones will rust very quickly in a salt water environment.

Both types are easily scratched and dulled. To maintain optimum effectiveness they must be kept wrapped in their sealedprotective wrapping. That effectively precludes practicing with these mirrors, unless you have a spare.

These mirrors do not have the reflective aiming spot, simply a hole or cross in the center. Depending upon the design, theymay have some aiming capability which creates a somewhat bright ring around the hole when aimed properly, but this is notas easy to use, nor as effective at higher angles as the reflective grid style. As a result, they are much more difficult to aim,especially for the untrained, and require the use of both hands to shade the back so you can easily see the ring. You cannotalways count on having both hands free or usable.

In the past decade, lightweight plastic signal mirrors have become commonplace. Being less cumbersome, the lightweightmirrors are more likely to be carried and weight is always a consideration for pilots. The small ones will easily fit in yourpocket and are so light as to be virtually unnoticeable. Most will also float if dropped into the water, a consideration for liferaft use.

The earliest ones were not very good and there are still plenty available that are no better. Typically, these are single layeracrylic mirrors, as used on many consumer products. The reflective backing is not very good and both it and the mirror's theface is easily scratched, potentially diminishing the reflectivity of these mirrors and their effectiveness. Sometimes they comewith a very thin semi-opaque plastic cover on the face which offers some protection while packed, but which cannot be putback on. They may have a hole drilled in the center, but have no reflective aiming spot. Considering how inexpensive betterquality one are, there's no reason to purchase any of these.

The 2 x 3 inch "10 Mile Signal Mirror" from Skyblazer ($9.45), is an evolution of this basic design. A backing label withinstructions protects most of the reflective coating. A center insert with a grid in the aiming hole is claimed to create a "glow"with which to aim. In my tests no "glow" was evident and it was no easier to aim than designs without this insert.

The best mass-produced plastic signal mirrors is a mil. spec. design offered by Survival, Inc. (formally S.O.S. Survival LifeSupport) and at retail under the Ultimate Survival brand. It represents the best value and most compact, lightweight andeasily carried package, so in that respects it is the best for a large majority of users. The reflective backing is protected,

sandwiched between a pair of polycarbonate surfaces ultrasonically welded together and hermetically sealed. An integralmolded rim protects the mirror, makes it easy to grip and provides a lanyard hole. The reflective aiming star is locked into thecenter.

Though not included on the Ultimate Survival versions, they also make a peel off, reusable heavy plastic cover that protectsthe mil-spec mirror's surface from damage and can be reinstalled after use (provided you either kept a small corner attachedor were careful to keep it from getting dirty). It's actual design use is to prevent an inadvertent flash from giving away acombatant in hiding. If your mirror is not so equipped, likely the case, care should be taken to prevent the mirror from beingscratched in storage.

Instructions are on a label which covers the back side of the mirror. The aiming hole presents a fireball, which though it isn'tquite as bright as the glass mirrors, is more than adequate. While not as reflective as the glass mirrors, they are the brightenough to pass military specifications and quite adequate. The 2 x 3 inch model ($8) weighs only .75 oz, the 3 x 5 inch model($10) is 2 oz. The smaller mirror was sold under the "Gerber" brand name for a few years. Given the low cost, light weightand excellent performance of the Survival, Inc. mirrors, there is no excuse for anyone to be without one in their pocket.



Local Eagle Scout Project of the MonthParker Vacik – Cave Springs, VA Eagle Scout's work gives zoo a facelift

It's the season for makeover magic, and new MillMountain Zoo director Sean Greene isn't short on fix-'em-up plans.

Bo the wolverine is getting upgrades to his spaciousbachelor pad. The neighboring prairie dogs aregetting an Old West theme for their home. And theporcupines have moved in next door to the colorfulwrinkled hornbill.Those are a few of the changes visitors can expectto see in coming weeks on the mountain.

So why all the fuss and changes, especially whenGreene has only been on the job for less than amonth?

"It's like an old piece of nice jewelry," he saidrecently as he took a visitor on a morning tour of the public and staff areas of the zoo. "It just needs to be polished up and let that true beauty shine through."

More important, he said, the zoo wants to retain its accreditation through the America Zoo and Aquarium Association, as it has done for the past 10 years.

To get there, a phase of the makeover will start this weekend when Greene and a crew of volunteers includingthe Jaycees, the Roanoke organization that once ran the zoo, ready the Zoo Choo for the new season.

Sherwin-Williams' district office in Roanoke will supply paint, and Cave Spring High School students will paintmurals in the Zoo Choo tunnel later this spring.

While they appear to be cosmetic changes, the upgrades, including painting many fixtures and buildings greenand adding bamboo to the outside of exhibits, are necessary if the zoo wants to be one of three AZA-accreditedfacilities in Virginia.

The new look was made possible thanks to Parker Vacik, a Cave Spring High School student, who decided totake on the zoo as his Eagle Scout Project.

With the help of his fellow boy scouts, Parker spent several days this week completely remodeling the Bald EagleExhibit.

The entire project came up to $1200. Parker was able however to get all the materials donated.

While the work was going on, the bald eagle was moved to Ruby the tiger's old exhibit.

Parker Vacik works on the Bald Eagle habitat at

the Mill Mountain Zoo.



Eagle Scout Projects from Around the CountryGoogle News search on ("boy scouts" OR "boy scout") AND eagle AND project

Offer free numbers for house fronts to aid emergency crews CARVER, MA – Boston Globehttp://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/12/31/eagle_scouts_projects_benefit_town/

Build sun shade structures for library playground

CARVER, MA – Boston Globehttp://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/12/31/eagle_scouts_projects_benefit_town/

Build and donate tw o doghouses to local animal shelter EXETER, RI – Standard Timeshttp://www.zwire.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=17614307&BRD=1715&PAG=461&dept_id=73974&rfi=6

Construct a 50-foot by 50-foot arena for youth horse ranch PASO ROBLES, OR – The Tribunehttp://www.sanluisobispo.com/mld/sanluisobispo/news/local/16356042.htm

Build a 9-foot high ou tdoor fireplace for local park SPOKANE, WA – The Spokesman Review

http://www.spokesmanreview.com/local/story.asp?ID=165314

Produce a DVD on how to maintain and setup computers SOUTH HADLEY, MA – The Republicanhttp://www.masslive.com/holyokeplus/republican/index.ssf?/base/news-2/116539564226350.xml&coll=1

Install webcam and w ebsite for Great Lakes museum ASHTABULA, OH – The Star Beaconhttp://www.starbeacon.com/local/local_story_357073040

Paint a police station ELMA, WA – The Daily Worldhttp://www.thedailyworld.com/articles/2006/12/18/local_news/01news.txt

Build a children’s activity center at an anim al rescue shelter DES MOINES, IA – Des Moines Registerhttp://desmoinesregister.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061222/NEWS08/612220326/1010

Install osprey poles at a local beach OSTERVILLE, MA – Barnstable Patriothttp://www.barnstablepatriot.com/may__news_12_10939.html

Construct display platform for World Trade Center beam WEST MILFORD, NY – Straus Newspapershttp://www.strausnews.com/articles/2006/12/09/west_milford_messenger/news/11.txt

Raise guide dogs to assist the blind

SPOKANE, WA – Spokesman Reviewhttp://www.spokesmanreview.com/features/story.asp?ID=166330

Construct a memorial for World War II veterans UNIONTOWN, PA – Pittsburgh Tribune-Reviewhttp://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/tribunereview/news/fayette/s_482038.html

Organize huntin g event to provide venison to local crisis center BLADEN, NC – Bladen Journalhttp://www.bladenjournal.com/articles/2006/12/05/news/community/news03.txt

Collect over 800 CDs and DVDs for troops in Iraq EAST WINDSOR, NJ – Windsor-Hights Herald

http://www.zwire.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=17508816&BRD=1091&PAG=461&dept_id=425728&rfi=6

http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/12/31/eagle_scouts_projects_benefit_town/












http://www.sanluisobispo.com/mld/sanluisobispo/news/local/16356042.htm








http://www.masslive.com/holyokeplus/republican/index.ssf?/base/news-2/116539564226350.xml&coll=1




http://www.starbeacon.com/local/local_story_357073040




http://www.thedailyworld.com/articles/2006/12/18/local_news/01news.txt




http://desmoinesregister.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061222/NEWS08/612220326/1010




http://www.barnstablepatriot.com/may__news_12_10939.html




http://www.strausnews.com/articles/2006/12/09/west_milford_messenger/news/11.txt




http://www.spokesmanreview.com/features/story.asp?ID=166330




http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/tribunereview/news/fayette/s_482038.html




http://www.bladenjournal.com/articles/2006/12/05/news/community/news03.txt

























Scouting Around the Web

Homemade Backpacking Gearhttp://www.freewebs.com/jasonklass/index.htm

Thanks to Two-Heel Drive, I just found out about Jason Klass’s Homemade Backpacking Gear site. HisGear Laboratory features articles and experiments on making your own hiking gear at home. He’s gotsome nice links for building alcohol stoves, but I really enjoyed the Kitchenware section. This part of the

site has some great ideas, such as the Heinekin Pot Grip.

I highly recommend you check out the site. Jason provides some useful tips and is obviously dedicated tomaking his own gear.

Freezer Bag Cookinghttp://www.freezerbagcooking.com/

Spend any amount of time in the outdoors and you have probably found that mealtime is full of trade-offs. Do you choose foods that fuel your body or foods that satisfy your taste buds? Do you spend theextra time to prepare a real meal or grab a protein bar on the go?

Freezer Bag CookingTM minimizes these trade-offs by changing the concepts of traditional outdoor food.It offers simplicity, convenience and variety, then whirls them together with the philosophies of

lightweight outdoor adventuring. The cooking gear needed is minimal, lightweight and can be bought, found or even made.Meals are prepared at home and put into zip top freezer bags. When ready to eat, the meal is prepared in and eaten out of the freezer bag. Mealtime becomes fast, effortless and cleanup is as easy as licking your utensil and sealing the zip top bag.

Also, with meals portioned into individual freezer bags, making meals for multi-day trips, families or a group is painless.

So whether you like to be fancy with your food or keep it simple, Freezer Bag Cooking TM can be your ticket to better eatingand enjoyment of your outdoor experience.

The Goathttp://thegoat.backcountry.com

Yes … it’s another gear review site. However, the Goat at backcountry.com providesboth praise and snarky comments in equal amounts. If they don’t like something,they’ll tell you why and even offer better alternatives. Informative and humorous.What more could you ask for?

BestHike.comhttp://besthike.com

No … I’ll probably never hike glaciers in Alaska, kayak the rivers of Patagonia, or walk along the

Great Wall of China. However, it is fun to read about those who do and to look at the incredible

pictures that these adventurers share at besthike.com

The site is a day-to-day update on what’s happening with the site. And what’s happening around the world. Their stated

mission is simply to list the best, most memorable hikes, long & short, in the world. Hikes that can change your life. Most

are challenging, multi-day adventures. But they also include the very best day hikes. They do not (yet) include off-trail

scrambles or climbs.

This site helps you get started organizing the trek of a lifetime.

http://www.freewebs.com/jasonklass/index.htm






http://besthike.com/








outdoorhacks.comhttp://www.outdoorhacks.com

Do you spend most of your life in the woods? Would you rather be in the mountains than staring at thiscomputer screen? Maybe you are in the mountains right now staring at this computer screen? If you love theoutdoors and are always looking for ways to make things easier then this site is for you. Outdoorhacks.comfocuses on advice, tips, tricks, and gadgets for your outdoor lifestyle.

So what the heck is a hack anyways? The term “Hack” as used on this site is derived from the term lifehack. A lifehack can generally be described as a clever solution to a problem. Outdoorhacks.com brings you useful lifehacks focused

on improving your outdoor activities.

Outdoorhacks.com is brought to you buy outdoor geeks and freaks that would rather be outside fishing, kayaking, hiking, orhunting then updating this site.

Steep and Cheaphttp://www.steepandcheap.com

SteepandCheap.com is the reason that closeout gear sites don’t have anything left tosell. The two-year-old site began by selling one piece of outdoor gear at more than

50% off, every midnight (MST) until it sold out. Now SteepandCheap.com loads a new piece of gear or outdoor clothingimmediately after the prior item sells out. Most weekdays they roll through 10 to 15 listings of Arc’teryx jackets, MountainHardwear tents, and The North Face fleeces while over 600,000 unique visitors check the site daily with devotion usuallyreserved for religious fanatics.

On Wednesday, December 20th, SteepandCheap tested its full potential by rolling through at least 100 listings of gear andoutdoor apparel with some deals the devoted wouldn’t hesitate to call “insane.” The timing couldn’t have been more perfectfor frenzied last-minute holiday shoppers.

Because SteepandCheap can buy and move such large quantities of products in such a short amount of time, they can offerprices that no other retailer can touch. Besides saving gear-addicts thousands of dollars each year, SteepandCheap.com hasbecome a saving grace for gear manufacturers—including big names like Burton, Arc’teryx, Oakley, The North Face, and HellyHansen to name a few—who in the past had very few viable options to move costly excess inventory.

Wilderness Trailcrafthttp://www.hikingideas.com/blogs/Trailcraft.aspx

Another blog all about backpacking & hiking gear, ideas and techniques.

http://www.outdoorhacks.com/


http://www.steepandcheap.com/


http://www.hikingideas.com/blogs/Trailcraft.aspx







Games from Troop Program Resources referenced in the Troop Meeting Plans for February 2007: “Citizenship”

BLIND-FLYING RELAY

Equipment: For each patrol, a grocery bag, compass, and a card with degree readings, one written at the top, one at the bottom

Procedure: Form partner patrols. Have each patrol line up in relay formation in a corner opposite from the other patrol on its team.

The first Scout on each team is given the bag, the compass, and the card. The top degree reading on the card, if followed correctly,will lead him toward the other patrol on his team. On signal, he puts the bag over his head and is turned around three times. He then

uses the compass and the top degree reading to find his way to the other patrol. There he gives the equipment to the first Scout in

the other patrol, who repeats the procedure, using the lower degree reading (which is 180 degrees opposite from the top reading) on

the card to find his way to the opposite corner. Continue until the partner patrols have exchanged places.

Scoring: The first team to finish wins.

FLAG-FOLDING DISPLAY

Equipment: A United States flag for each patrol

Procedure: Line up the patrols in relay formation. Place a table or a chair with a folded flag on it about 40 feet in front of each

patrol. On signal, the first two Scouts in each patrol run to the flag, unfold it completely, refold it, place it back on the table or chair,

and return to their patrol to tag the next pair in line. They repeat the procedure until all pairs have run. The flag may not touch the

ground at any time. If it does, the patrol will be disqualified.

Scoring: Give 100 points to the first patrol to complete the run, 80 points to the second patrol, and 60 points to the third patrol.

Deduct 10 points for each flag that is folded incorrectly.

Variation: Instead of unfolding and folding, have the patrols display the flag for various prearranged occasions.

FLAGPOLE RAISING

Equipment: For each patrol, five Scout staves, one patrol flag, eight pieces of sash cord, three wooden stakes, one mallet for driving

stakes, and three guylines about 18 feet long

Procedure: The patrols line up, each with four Scout staves and their patrol flag attached to the fifth stave. On signal, the Scouts use

the sash cord to lash the five staves together with four double lashings, omitting frappings. Next, they attach the three guylines

about twothirds of the way to the top, raise the pole, and stake down the guylines so that the pole stands vertically. When finished,

the patrol forms a single line at the base of the pole and stands at attention.

Scoring: The first patrol finished wins. Give extra points for the tallest pole.

HI-LO

Have patrols stand in line with patrol members shoulder to shoulder. Tell them they are to arrange themselves from high to low, or

from most to least. For example, you might tell them to arrange themselves by age, from oldest to youngest. Or, choose from the list

below:

♦ Height

♦ Occurrence of birthday (not age)

♦ Alphabet—last name

♦ Distance from home

♦ Number of brothers and sisters

♦ Number of merit badges earned

♦ Number of pets

When they have completed the task, they should give the Scout sign and shout their patrol yell.



HOCKEY STEAL-THE-BACON

Equipment: Two Scout staves or 5-foot poles, a beanbag (the “bacon”)

Procedure: This game is a variation of “Steal-the-Bacon.” In this game, however, the bacon is a beanbag. Divide the group into two

teams and have them line up facing each other. Each team counts off with the same set of numbers, so that each player will share a

number with a player from the other team. When the leader calls a number, the players from both teams who share that number grab

their team’s stave, race to the bacon, and try to sweep it back to their goal line.

Scoring: Award 1 point for each goal.

HORSE-AND-RIDER STEAL-THE-BACON

Equipment: One neckerchief (the “bacon”)

Procedure: Two teams line up facing each other, and count off, as above. The leader calls out two numbers. The two smaller boys

of the four whose numbers were called jump on the backs of the other two, who then gallop for the bacon.

Scoring: Same as above. If a “horse” touches the bacon, the opposite team scores 1 point.

ROOSTER FIGHT

Procedure: Each player grasps one leg by the ankle to hold it off the floor, and moves about by hopping on one foot. To start the

game, two players face each other. On signal, each tries to knock the other off balance by shoulder blocking. Using elbows is not

permitted.

Scoring: The first Scout to knock his opponent off balance so that he touches the floor with both feet scores 1 point. Two out of

three wins the game.

Variation: Rooster Pull. Each “rooster’s tail” is a 2-foot length of rope tucked under the Scout’s belt at the back. Each rooster tries

to pull out his opponent’s tail and at the same time tries to protect his own. A tail pulled out scores 1 point. Knocking one’s

opponent off balance does not score any points.

SIGNAL STEAL-THE-BACON

Equipment: A buzzer or signal flag for each team, a neckerchief (the “bacon”)

Procedure: Half-troop teams line up in facing lines 15 feet apart. The bacon is placed halfway between the two lines. The captain of

each team is at one end of his line with a signal flag or buzzer. Each Scout is assigned a letter. Both teams must use the same set of

letters, so that each Scout on a team will share his letter with a Scout on the other team. Each captain signals a letter to his team. The

two Scouts who share that letter run out to the center and try to steal the bacon. If a player is able to steal the bacon, he races back to

his team with it. At the end of each round, the Scouts rotate so that they have a different letter each time.

Scoring: If a player makes it back to his team with the bacon and without being tagged by the opposing player, he scores 1 point. If

he is tagged before reaching his goal, 1 point goes to the other side. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins.

SPORTS TRUE-FALSE STEAL-THE-BACON

Equipment: Two rags—one red, one green (the “bacon”)

Procedure: This is a variation of “Steal-the-Bacon” with two exceptions: first, two “slabs” of bacon are used, each a different color;

second, before calling a number, the leader makes a statement about sports. If the statement is true, the players should try to steal

the green bacon; if false, the red one.

Scoring: Award 1 point for stealing the appropriate bacon or tagging an opponent who tries to steal it. Deduct 2 points for stealing

the wrong bacon or for chasing an opponent who is trying to steal the wrong bacon.



United States Code Title 4 Chapter 1 – The Flagalso known as the United States Flag Code

Previous to Flag Day, June 14, 1923 there were no federal or state regulations governing display of the United States Flag. It was on this date that the National Flag Code was adopted by the National Flag Conference which was attended by representatives of the Army and Navy which had evolved their own procedures, and some 66 other national groups. This purpose of providing guidance based on the Army and Navy

procedures relating to display and associated questions about the U. S. Flag was adopted by all organizations in attendance.

A few minor changes were made a year later during the Flag Day 1924 Conference, It was not until June 22, 1942 that Congress passed a joint resolution which was amended on December 22, 1942 to become Public Law 829; Chapter 806, 77th Congress, 2nd session. Exact rules

for use and display of the flag (36 U.S.C. 173-178) as well as associated sections (36 U.S.C. 171) Conduct during Playing of the National Anthem, (36 U.S.C. 172) the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag, and Manner of Delivery were included.

This code is the guide for all handling and display of the Stars and Stripes. It does not impose penalties for misuse of the United States Flag. That is left to the states and to the federal government for the District of Columbia. Each state has its own flag law.

Criminal penalties for certain acts of desecration to the flag were contained in Title 18 of the United States Code prior to 1989. The Supreme Court decision in Texas v. Johnson; June 21, 1989, held the statute unconstitutional. This statute was amended when the Flag Protection Act of 1989 (Oct. 28, 1989) imposed a fine and/or up to I year in prison for knowingly mutilating, defacing, physically defiling, maintaining on the floor or trampling upon any flag of the United States. The Flag Protection Act of 1989 was struck down by the Supreme Court decision, United States vs. Eichman, decided on June 11, 1990.

While the Code empowers the President of the United States to alter, modify, repeal or prescribe additional rules regarding the Flag, no federal agency has the authority to issue 'official' rulings legally binding on civilians or civilian groups.

Consequently, different interpretations of various provisions of the Code may continue to be made. The Flag Code may be fairly tested: 'No

disrespect should be shown to the Flag of the United States of America.' Therefore, actions not specifically included in the Code may be deemed acceptable as long as proper respect is shown.

__________________________________________________

1. Flag; stripes and stars on

The flag of the United States shall be thirteen horizontal stripes, alternate red and white; and the union of the flagshall be forty-eight stars [Note that sec. 2 which follows provides for additional stars. Today the flag has fifty starsrepresenting the fifty states — Webmaster], white in a blue field

2. Same; additional stars

On the admission of a new State into the Union one star shall be added to the union of the flag; and such additionshall take effect on the fourth day of July then next succeeding such admission

3. Use of flag for advertising purposes; mutilation of flag

Any person who, within the District of Columbia, in any manner, for exhibition or display, shall place or cause to beplaced any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawing, or any advertisement of any nature upon any flag, standard,colors, or ensign of the United States of America; or shall expose or cause to be exposed to public view any suchflag, standard, colors, or ensign upon which shall have been printed, painted, or otherwise placed, or to which shallbe attached, appended, affixed, or annexed any word, figure, mark, picture, design, or drawing, or anyadvertisement of any nature; or who, within the District of Columbia, shall manufacture, sell, expose for sale, or topublic view, or give away or have in possession for sale, or to be given away or for use for any purpose, any articleor substance being an article of merchandise, or a receptacle for merchandise or article or thing for carrying or

transporting merchandise, upon which shall have been printed, painted, attached, or otherwise placed arepresentation of any such flag, standard, colors, or ensign, to advertise, call attention to, decorate, mark, ordistinguish the article or substance on which so placed shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall bepunished by a fine not exceeding $100 or by imprisonment for not more than thirty days, or both, in the discretion of the court. The words "flag, standard, colors, or ensign", as used herein, shall include any flag, standard, colors,ensign, or any picture or representation of either, or of any part or parts of either, made of any substance orrepresented on any substance, of any size evidently purporting to be either of said flag, standard, colors, or ensign of the United States of America or a picture or a representation of either, upon which shall be shown the colors, thestars and the stripes, in any number of either thereof, or of any part or parts of either, by which the average personseeing the same without deliberation may believe the same to represent the flag, colors, standard, or ensign of theUnited States of America.



4. Pledge of allegiance to the flag; manner of delivery

The Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag: "I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America, and to theRepublic for which it stands, one Nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.", should be renderedby standing at attention facing the flag with the right hand over the heart. When not in uniform men should removeany non-religious headdress with their right hand and hold it at the left shoulder, the hand being over the heart.Persons in uniform should remain silent, face the flag, and render the military salute. [See Congressional Notes reuse of "under God."]

5. Display and use of flag by civilians; codification of rules and customs; definition

The following codification of existing rules and customs pertaining to the display and use of the flag of the UnitedStates of America be, and it is hereby, established for the use of such civilians or civilian groups or organizations asmay not be required to conform with regulations promulgated by one or more executive departments of theGovernment of the United States. The flag of the United States for the purpose of this chapter shall be definedaccording to title 4, United States Code, Chapter 1, Section 1 and Section 2 and Executive Order 10834 issuedpursuant thereto.

6. Time and occasions for displaya. It is the universal custom to display the flag only from sunrise to sunset on buildings and on stationary flagstaffs

in the open. However, when a patriotic effect is desired, the flag may be displayed twenty-four hours a day if properly illuminated during the hours of darkness.

b. The flag should be hoisted briskly and lowered ceremoniously.

c. The flag should not be displayed on days when the weather is inclement, except when an all-weather flag isdisplayed.

d. The flag should be displayed on all days, especially on

o New Year's Day, January 1

o Inauguration Day, January 20

o Martin Luther King Jr.'s birthday, third Monday in Januaryo Lincoln's Birthday, February 12o Washington's Birthday, third Monday in Februaryo Easter Sunday (variable)o Mother's Day, second Sunday in Mayo Armed Forces Day, third Saturday in Mayo Memorial Day (half-staff until noon), the last Monday in Mayo Flag Day, June 14

o Independence Day, July 4o Labor Day, first Monday in Septembero Constitution Day, September 17o Columbus Day, second Monday in Octobero Navy Day, October 27o Veterans Day, November 11

o Thanksgiving Day, fourth Thursday in November

o Christmas Day, December 25

o and such other days as may be proclaimed by the President of the United States

o the birthdays of States (date of admission)

o and on State holidays.

e. The flag should be displayed daily on or near the main administration building of every public institution.

f. The flag should be displayed in or near every polling place on election days.

g. The flag should be displayed during school days in or near every schoolhouse.

7. Position and manner of display

The flag, when carried in a procession with another flag or flags, should be either on the marching right; that is, the flag'sown right, or, if there is a line of other flags, in front of the center of that line.

a. The flag should not be displayed on a float in a parade except from a staff, or as provided in subsection (i) of this section.

b. The flag should not be draped over the hood, top, sides, or back of a vehicle or of a railroad train or a boat.When the flag is displayed on a motorcar, the staff shall be fixed firmly to the chassis or clamped to the rightfender.



o. When the flag is suspended across a corridor or lobby in a building with only one main entrance, it should besuspended vertically with the union of the flag to the observer's left upon entering. If the building has more thanone main entrance, the flag should be suspended vertically near the center of the corridor or lobby with theunion to the north, when entrances are to the east and west or to the east when entrances are to the north andsouth. If there are entrances in more than two directions, the union should be to the east.

8. Respect for flag

No disrespect should be shown to the flag of the United States of America; the flag should not be dipped to any person orthing. Regimental colors, State flags, and organization or institutional flags are to be dipped as a mark of honor.

a. The flag should never be displayed with the union down, except as a signal of dire distress in instances of extreme danger to life or property.

b. The flag should never touch anything beneath it, such as the ground, the floor, water, or merchandise.

c. The flag should never be carried flat or horizontally, but always aloft and free.

d. The flag should never be used as wearing apparel, bedding, or drapery. It should never be festooned, drawnback, nor up, in folds, but always allowed to fall free. Bunting of blue, white, and red, always arranged with theblue above, the white in the middle, and the red below, should be used for covering a speaker's desk, drapingthe front of the platform, and for decoration in general.

e. The flag should never be fastened, displayed, used, or stored in such a manner as to permit it to be easily torn,soiled, or damaged in any way.

f. The flag should never be used as a covering for a ceiling.

g. The flag should never have placed upon it, nor on any part of it, nor attached to it any mark, insignia, letter,word, figure, design, picture, or drawing of any nature.

h. The flag should never be used as a receptacle for receiving, holding, carrying, or delivering anything.

i. The flag should never be used for advertising purposes in any manner whatsoever. It should not be embroideredon such articles as cushions or handkerchiefs and the like, printed or otherwise impressed on paper napkins orboxes or anything that is designed for temporary use and discard. Advertising signs should not be fastened to astaff or halyard from which the flag is flown.

j. No part of the flag should ever be used as a costume or athletic uniform. However, a flag patch may be affixedto the uniform of military personnel, firemen, policemen, and members of patriotic organizations. The flagrepresents a living country and is itself considered a living thing. Therefore, the lapel flag pin being a replica,should be worn on the left lapel near the heart.

k. The flag, when it is in such condition that it is no longer a fitting emblem for display, should be destroyed in adignified way, preferably by burning

9. Conduct during hoisting, low ering or passing of flag

During the ceremony of hoisting or lowering the flag or when the flag is passing in a parade or in review, all persons presentexcept those in uniform should face the flag and stand at attention with the right hand over the heart. Those present inuniform should render the military salute. When not in uniform, men should remove their headdress with their right hand andhold it at the left shoulder, the hand being over the heart. Aliens should stand at attention. The salute to the flag in a movingcolumn should be rendered at the moment the flag passes

10. Modification of rules and customs by President

Any rule or custom pertaining to the display of the flag of the United States of America, set forth herein, may be altered,

modified, or repealed, or additional rules with respect thereto may be prescribed, by the Commander in Chief of the ArmedForces of the United States, whenever he deems it to be appropriate or desirable; and any such alteration or additional ruleshall be set forth in a proclamation



Displaying the United States FlagFrom Army Regulation 840–10, Heraldic Activities

“Flags, Guidons, Streamers, Tabards, and Automobile and Aircraft Plates”



Names and Places in HenricoFrom the Henrico County Division of Recreation and Parks website

http://www.co.henrico.va.us/rec/namelist.htm

ARROHATECK

"(name now obsolete) on the eastern side of the James River ten miles downstream from the falls (Henrico County); 30 men(Smith) or 60 men (Strachey)" [The Powhatan Indians of Virginia, Helen C. Rountree, Univ. of Oklahoma Press, Norman1989].

"Arrahattock Town Site (43-52 - Dutch Gap Quad) Arrahattock was an important Indian town when the first Englishmen sailedup the James River in 1607. Here, in May of 1607, Captain Christopher Newport was kindly received by the werowance, orchief, of the town.

John Smith writes: "We found here a wer-o-wance, for so they call their Kings, who sat upon a mat of reeds, with his peopleabout him. He caused one to be laid for Captain Newport; gave us a deer roasted, which according to their custom theyseethed (boiled) again. His people gave us mulberries, sod wheat, and beans; and he caused his women to make cakes forus. He gave our Captain (Newport) his crown, which was of deer's hair, dyed red. Certifying him our intention (to proceed) upthe river, he was willing to send guides with us."

Arrahattock is noted on the Fry-Jefferson Map of 1751. This Contact Period site may be of considerable archeologicalsignificance. [ Inventory of Early Architecture and Historic/Archeological Sites. J.M. O'Dell C 1976 rev 1978, County of Henrico,

VA.]

BOSHER DAM

This dam is located on the James River, eight miles above the City of Richmond. It is named for the Bosher family and wasonce part of the James River-Kanawha Canal system. Its present use is to divert water into the remains of the old canalsystem to be used as a source of drinking water for the City of Richmond and portions of Henrico County.

BROAD STREET ROAD

An extension of Broad Street. Broad Street in the City of Richmond was named because of the unusual width of the street. Itwas designed in this manner because the railroad tracks ran down one side of the street. Travelers needed a broad roadwayto keep their horses as far away from the steam engines as possible.

On an 1819 map of the county, Broad Street and Broad Street Road were called Richmond Turnpike Road. On an 1853 map of the county, the road was named Deep Run Turnpike.

BROOK ROAD

One of the first toll roads in Virginia, this road has been called Brook Turnpike, Brook Avenue and Brook Road. It waschartered as Brook Turnpike in 1812 and became the first avenue in the state in 1815 when it was dedicated Brook Avenue.The road was built and improved in an effort to improve travel between the City of Richmond and the northern area of thestate.

By this road, Lafayette set out to oppose the British troops under Cornwallis in April of 1781. Sheridan entered the outerdefense of Richmond on the Brook Road during the War Between the States. The derivation of Brook Road could be from thefact that a man named Thomas Williamson lived on a plantation on what is now Brook Road, named "The Brook", or " Brook Hill." Vestrymen of Curles Church (Williamson's father had served as a vestryman for over 20 years) wanted to build anotherchurch and Williamson offered some land on his farm on which to build the church. After much discussion the men of thevestry decided to build the church on Indian Hill in Henrico County. This church became St. John's Church and Indian Hillbecame known as Church Hill and is now in the City of Richmond.

BROOKLAND MAGI STERIAL DISTRICT

It is quite possible that the district gets its name from the fact that there are many brooks coursing the area. It is alsopossible that the district was named for Upham Brook which runs through most of this area. The exact derivation of the nameis unknown.

COAL PIT RAILROADTo reach the Springfield and Deep Run Coal Pits, which were located about 10 miles northwest of Richmond, a branch line of the railroad approximately 3½ miles long was needed. The owners of the coal mines, Duval, Burton & Company advanced themoney to build the track. The money was returned to them by the R.F. & P. Railroad.

In 1867, the Springfield and Deep Run Coal Mining operation rebuilt the Branch Line at Hungary (Laurel) and contracted withthe R.F. & P. for the transportation of coal from the pits to a coal yard at 5th and Byrd Streets in Richmond.

CURLES NECK FARM

The name derivation comes from the "curles" in the James River. Curles Neck Farm is one of the oldest estates in Virginia,having been patented in 1617. Different portions of the tract of land have been known by various names which have beenrecorded in the records such as Curles, Woodsons, Barley, Tillmans, Bremo, and many others. Curles Neck Farm was thehome of the rebel Nathaniel Bacon in 1670. Some references to the name Curles say it derives its name from the Curl family,however, there is no evidence that any member of the family of Curl lived in Henrico County before the land and the name"curles" had been established from the river's meandering curves. Today it is one of the largest working dairy farms east of

the Mississippi.





DARBYTOWN ROAD

This road derives its name from the Darby family. The area around the road was peopled almost exclusively by the Darby andthe Enroughty families. To other people in this section, the two names were almost synonymous and interchangeable. Darbyobtained preference because of its easier pronunciation and brevity.

An early map of the eastern part of Henrico County shows that this road was previously named Central Road.

DEEP RUN ROAD

This road derives its name from Deep Run Creek in the vicinity of this road.

DICKENS ROAD

Named for the Dickens family who lived on the tract of land that this road now runs through. The Dicken's home, Brookfield,lends its name to the Brookfield complex located on Broad Street Road at the I-64 Intersection.

DUMB ARTON AND STAPLES MILL ROAD

The community of Dumbarton began many years ago as Staples Plantation or Staples Mill. On this land, the Staple familyowned and operated a large mill for grinding corn on a nearby pond. After the War Between the States, a man by the name of Major Courtney bought the estate and changed the name from Staples Mill or Staples Plantation to Dumbarton Grange. Hechose this name because his uncle, who had raised him, once owned an estate in Scotland named Dumbarton. The road thatran through the estate to the main road, which is now Broad Street, was at that time and is still referred to as Staples MillRoad.

James Branch Cabell made the little mill pond famous by choosing this site as a location to write one of his novels. Later, theestate was purchased by Mrs. Cabell and remained in her possession until 1929, when the land was sold at auction.

DUTCH GAP

There are three assumptions as to how this area was named. Dutch settlers living in Sir Thomas Dale's City of Henricus hadbegun to dig a ditch or channel much in the design of their ancestors. The project is said to have been abandoned after about60 yards because the Dutch Americans were afraid they might damage the river bed. Another assumption is that when SirThomas Dale was called upon by Prince Henry to come to the colonies of Virginia, he was serving in Holland. When he wasestablishing the city of Henricus he had his colonists/workmen dig a ditch similar to the one he had seen made in Holland toopen up this little channel. His plan was to separate this narrow neck of land from the mainland, but the massacre of 1622ended his plans. Finally, another assumption is that in 1864, General "Dutch" Butler ordered his soldiers to open the gap tosecure a shorter route by which to carry his gunboats to Richmond and avoid Confederate Forts on the river banks. Hesucceeded in open ordered to retreat. The gap was not opened for transportation purposes until 1878.

FAIRFIELD MAGISTERIAL DISTRICT

Fairfield was a favorite name for large colonial estates in Virginia. In 1870, when Henrico County was divided into fourtownships, the name Fairfield was chosen because of the level fields characteristic of the area.

FRANCISTOWN ROAD

Named for the Francis family who lived along this road. In Francistown there were coal fields owned by Thomas Burton. Thecoal was brought to Richmond on carts before the railroad was built.

GASKINS ROAD

Named for the Gaskin family who once owned the property near the James River in the vicinity of what is now the JamesRiver Country Club.

GAYTON ROAD

The mining village of Gayton developed around the coal mine in the area of the western part of the county. The road and nownon-existent village derived their name from the Gayton Coal mines originally owned by DuVal Coal interests.

GLEN ALLEN

This area was once known as Mountain Road Crossing. It was comprised of a few obscure dwellings and broad stretches of forest interspersed with patches of Indian corn and tobacco. Earlier, before it was settled by the colonists, it was the "happy

hunting ground" of the Chickahominy Indians. It was not until the War Between the States that the area was referred to asGlen Allen. The name came from the homestead of the widow, Mrs. Benjamin Allen, who operated a small post office for herneighbors in her home. In military dispatches, the area was called "Allen's Crossing" because the Allen property served as alandmark to the soldiers who were fighting in the area. Mrs. Allen became the wife of a confederate scout and Captain, JohnCussons, who built Forest Lodge.

GLEN ECHO

Legend has it that an early settler of Henrico County named Glen or Glenn, enjoyed yelling out into the open countryside andhearing his echo.

HARVIE ROAD

This road is named after Jacquelin B. Harvie, who married Mary Marshall, the daughter of Chief Justice John Marshall. JohnMarshall's farm, the Chickahominy, was not far from the present Harvie Road.



HENRICO COUNTY

This name was chosen in honor of the son of King James 1, Henry Frederick Prince of Wales. Sir Thomas Dale was asked byPrince Henry, a patron of the Virginia Company, to correct the starving and pitiful conditions of the colonists at Jamestown. Heselected a new location for a town on what is now known as Farrar's Island and named the city Henricus. The city, founded in1611, consisted of three streets, about 1000 houses, a hospital, a church, and the foundation for the first college in Virginia.The massacre of 1622, ended the life of the little town. The name Henricopolis was coined about 1890 in reference to the cityfrom which Henrico County derived its name.

HIGHLAND SPRINGS

Mr. Edmund Sewell Read founded the community of Highland Springs in the 1890's. He migrated to this area from Boston in

hopes of finding a suitable climate for his ailing wife. The high altitude in the fall zone and the natural springs in the areamade it a suitable choice for the Read family. Read bought a 1000 acre tract of land and divided it into lots. He laid out streetsand named them after plants such as Ash, Beech, Cedar, Daisy, Elm, Fern, Grove, Holly, Ivy, Juniper, Kalmia, Linden, Maple,Oak, Pine, Quince, Rose, and Spruce. Read Street was named for its founder - Edmund Sewell Read.

The area of Highland Springs was known as Highland Springs Park on a map of 1893.

HORSEPEN ROAD

During the Revolutionary War, horses were purchased for use in the army. All of these horses were kept in a large pen. Theroad leading to the pen came to be known as the Horsepen Road.

JAMES RIVER & KANAWHA CANAL

The Indians called the river, "Powhatan's River" in honor of their chief. Captain John Smith renamed the river, "The James", inhonor of the King of England, James I.

The Kanawha Canal, also derived its name from the Indians. Kanawha meant "river of the woods."

LAKESIDE

This area has developed over the years into a community. Major Lewis Ginter built a amusement park here by the lake andnamed it Lakeside. The park had a small zoo, games were played for adults and children, and the lake was used for winterand summer water sports. The first actual golf course in Richmond was constructed at Lakeside. The game had been playedbefore in the open fields that once surrounded the Lee Monument, but the first formal course was at Lakeside. The area isnow privately owned by the Lakeside Country Club.

LAUREL/HUNGARY

This locality, in the north western part of the county was once called Hungry. Hungary was the site of a water station for theR.F. & P. Railroad. Maps of the area indicate that Hungary was either a crossroads or a small community that grew up aroundthe tracks. Hungary Spring Road derives its name from the settlement of Hungary - supposedly the road ran to a small springin the area. Deep Run Baptist Church was originally called Hungary Baptist Church that had been re-organized fromChickahominy Baptist Church which was established as far back as 1792.

Hungary came to be known as Laurel sometime around the Civil War.

LIBB IE AVENUE

Named for Libbie Freeman Thompson by her husband, Mark Thomas Thompson, who settled in an area called Rio Vista,around the year 1890. Thompson published the "American' Farm and Horticulture". It was the first horticultural paperpublished in this country.

LONGDALE

Longdale is an area in Henrico County between Mountain Road and U.S. Route 1. Longdale was named for E. T. Long, whomoved into the area around 1924. He built, rented, and sold more homes than anyone else in the area had prior to this time.

MEADOW BRI DGE ROAD

This road is a very old road that dates back to a 1751 map. A map of Henrico County dated 1853, shows that at one time,Meadow Bridge Road was a much longer and more of a main road than it is today. The name origin is unknown.

MEADOW FARM

This home, built in the late eighteenth century, has remained in the same family for almost two hundred years. In August of 1800, Mosby Sheppard, owner of Meadow Farm, was warned by two of his slaves that an insurrection was being planned by aslave on a neighboring farm. This was the first anyone in the area had heard of the rebellion whose aim was to murder whiteslave owners and to capture Richmond. Sheppard immediately informed Governor James Monroe, who took steps to halt therebellion before any lives were lost. The two slaves on the Sheppard farm who had warned of the danger, were purchased bythe state and given their freedom. But fear had been planted in the minds of the people of Virginia and the South, and by theend of the investigation, forty-one slaves had been executed.

MOUNTAIN ROAD

This road is very old and historic. In early times, it was an Indian trail. During the Revolutionary War and the War Betweenthe States, it was well known. Lafayette passed over this road on his way to Yorktown. In the official records of "The War of Rebellion", it states that General Sheridan proceeded down Mountain Road to Allen's Crossing where they tore up the tracks of the R.F. & P. Railroad.



NEW MAR KET ROAD

The original tobacco market for the colonists was in Williamsburg and tobacco growers in Henrico County decided they neededanother market. Richmond was the most likely candidate. They began to call Richmond "New Market" and the road that led toit from the eastern part of the county, the New Market Road.

New Market Road was once named River Road. A map of the county, dated 1819, shows an area off of River Road (Route 5and later New Market Road) and Turner Road going north, called New Market. On a map of the county dated 1853, the littlevillage of New Market is situated at the intersection of Kingsland Road and what is now New Market Road.

NINE MILE ROAD

This name is based on the distance between the terminal points of the road in Richmond and Seven Pines. Old deeds and

maps indicate this road was once known as the New Bridge Road.

OSBORNE TURNPI KE

This road, in the eastern end of the county, was influenced by the act of some roadway engineer as is evident by itsstraightness. It was at Osborne's that a ferry operated between Henrico and Chesterfield. On the Henrico side, the highwayleading to the ferry was called Osborne Turnpike. The little village of Osborne was at the mouth of Proctor's Creek and part of the original colonial glebe land. It was not particularly suited to farming, so the House of Burgesses, in 1761, approved themotion that the land be sold. The site was divided into 120 lots. The project was not a huge success and died a natural death.The area eventually became known as Osbornes, named in honor of one of the colonists, and became a busy port.

Thomas Jefferson's father, Peter Jefferson was born and later married at the little settlement of Osbornes.

PARHAM ROAD

"Parham Road, one of metropolitan Richmond's most heavily traveled roads, was named for a lifelong resident of MontgomeryCounty, Tennessee, whose only connection with the Richmond area was through his wife.

Junius S. Parham, for whom the road is named, acquired the land afterwards known as "the Parham tract" through hismarriage to Mary E. Smith. She had inherited the property from her grandfather, John Hill, a substantial landowner in HenricoCounty during the middle of the nineteenth century. Most of the tract was concentrated in a vast area along the eastern sideof what was then called New County Road and is now Broad Street Road.

About 1860 Parham apparently decided to begin liquidating his wife's land. This he did through a series of transactionsspanning two decades, throughout which he and his wife continued to maintain their residence in Tennessee. The process hadbeen completed by July, 1879. Nevertheless, by 1900, New County Road had become known as Parham Road from ThreeChopt Road to Broad Street Road. Gradually the name Parham was extended to include the road that covers the lengthy semi-circle of today."

PATTERSON AVENUE

Named for Dr. Richard Archibald Patterson, tobacco manufacturer and medical doctor who served the Confederacy as. a

surgeon. Before the war, Patterson and Thomas C. Williams began a modest tobacco business that failed, as many otherbusinesses did, with the onslaught of the war. Patterson became a surgeon for the Confederacy and as he tended troopsduring the bloody battle of Malvern Hill, his wife gave birth to a son. She named him Malvern, after the battle of Malvern Hill.He later became one of the first Vice-Presidents of the American Tobacco Company.

After the war, Dr. Patterson operated a small farm in Henrico County and practiced medicine in the neighborhood, but his lifetook a turn for the better when one day he received word that a tobacco shipment made by his now defunct tobacco companyhad made it through the wartime blockade. During the war, the money from the sale of the tobacco had been kept for himuntil after the fighting to insure that he received it. The amount was around $9,000.00, a fortune in those postwar days.Patterson re-opened his tobacco business under the name of R. A. Patterson & Company. He became a wealthy man. A roadwas cut through the property and named Patterson Avenue after this gentleman. The Patterson Tobacco Company wasbought out by the American Tobacco Company, which kept the Lucky Strike Brand, which was an original brand of thePatterson Company.

POUNCEY TRACT ROAD

A map of Henrico County dated 1819 shows this road as Pounce's Tract. It is quite possible that the road derived its namefrom a family named Pounce or Pouncey who owned the land through which the road was cut.

PUMP ROAD

This road was used as an access road to the Short Pump Tavern and was shortened to Pump Road simply by usage.

QUIOCCASIN ROAD

This road derives its name from Indian usage. The name could evolve from the Indian name, Quiasosough, meaning a lesserdeity of the Indians. Another possibility is that the name comes from the Indian word translating into a temple or meetingplace, a gathering spot. A paragraph from a work dated 1705, concerning the Virginia Indians and their life style says ... “TheIndians have posts fix'd around their Quioccasin which have men's faces carved upon them and are painted. They are likewiseset up round some of their other celebrated places and make a circle for them to dance about on certain solemn occasions.”



SAVAGE STATION

This was formally a railroad stop that gave its name to the third battle of the Seven Days Campaign. An 1819 map of thecounty, shows that a Savage Family lived near the location of the station.

SEVEN PINES

Seven Pines was a battle site of one of the Seven Days Battles in 1862. The location was so named because of the unusualgrowth of seven pine trees in the area.

SHORTPUMP

A tavern and stage coach stop on the road to mountains and western settlements had a well in the yard with an unusually

short pump handle. The name Short Pump thus came about as a popular designation for the establishment and now is appliedto a considerable area in the vicinity of the intersection of Broad Street Road (Rt. 250) and Three Chopt Road.

SKIPWI TH ROAD

This road was named for the Skipwith family who owned the property on the road where the Three Chopt Elementary Schoolis now located.

SPRIN GFIELD ROAD

This road is shown on an 1853 map as Springfield Pit Road, named for the Springfield Coal Pits in the area.

SPRIN GFIELD FARM

South of Mountain Road was Springfield Farm containing mineral and sulfur springs of great medicinal value. About 100 yearsago, a resort was built here and this is where the wealthy and fashionable Richmonders spent their summer.

TELEGRAPH ROAD

This road is a historic route from Richmond to Washington. It was replaced by U.S. Route 1 when this road was constructed.The name comes from the fact that it was located along the telegraph line connecting Richmond and Washington.

Just off Old Telegraph Road, one half mile to the east, is a monument marking the field where General J.E.B. Stuart wasmortally wounded May 11, 1864. (See Yellow Tavern).

THIMBLE LANE

This road was cut through the property of Mrs. H.O. Arnold, who was a seamstress by trade. When the road was completedthe engineer asked her what she thought the road ought to be called. She replied that Thimble Lane might be a nice namedue to her trade. The house on the farm became known as Thimble Lane House.

THREE CHOPT MAGI STERIAL DI STRICT

This district was created by court order in 1969. Because a considerable portion of its boundary was delineated by ThreeChopt Road, it was given this name.

THREE CHOPT ROADThree Chopt Road began as an Old Indian Trail that was marked by making three notches on the trees. As the Englishcolonists moved into the area, the road was called the King's Highway. Because there were so few roads at this time, it wasnot uncommon for a road to be referred to by local residents as the King's Highway. More often than not, however, the roadwas called the Three Notched Road. A map of Henrico County dated 1819, shows the road marked as Three Chopped Road.

Years later the spelling of the road changed from Three Chopped to Three Chopt, as the latter spelling is used on Smith's mapof 1853. Such notables as Lafayette, Cornwallis, Washington, Jefferson and Robert E. Lee have traveled down this ancientroadway that began at Powhatan's Village, a few miles east of Richmond, and ran westward into the mountains.

TREE HILL FARM

A center of horse racing in the post-Revolutionary War period, the original house was built about 1775. It was the site of thesurrender of Richmond by Mayor Joseph Mayo in 1865.

The United States Department of the Interior has placed Tree Hill on the National Register of Historic Places.

TUCKAHOE MAGISTERIAL DISTRICT

A word used by the Indians to denote a plant whose root was edible and served as a nutritional food source. From New Jerseyto Virginia the tribes fed upon these plants and often named the waterways on whose banks they abundantly grew, Tuckahoe.There is a Tuckahoe River in New Jersey, a town named Tuckahoe in New York, a Tuckahoe Creek in Maryland as well as theTuckahoe Creek and District in Henrico, all having the same Indian origin. In the 17th Century, near where the TuckahoeCreek flows into the James River, William Randolph of Turkey Island granted a tract of land to his son Thomas Randolph. Theestate became known as Tuckahoe, taking its name from the creek and a nearby Indian town. The Randolph home on theestate was built around 1698 and its boxwood garden is one of the most interesting in Virginia.



VARINA MAGISTERIAL DISTRICT

In 1610, John Rolfe came to America and settled on what is now known as Varina Farm. In route to Virginia, Rolfe had landedon the Bermuda Island and took great interest in the type of tobacco grown there. When he arrived in Virginia, he begancultivating a type of tobacco that was a cross between Indian tobacco and Bermuda tobacco. The end result was a tobaccocrop that was very similar to tobacco being grown in the Spanish Varinas. Rolfe named his tobacco plantation Varina, becauseof this similarity. It was there that he lived with his wife Pocahontas, the Indian Princess. The Indian Massacre of 1622 endedthe settlement of Henricus and a tiny village grew up on Rolfe's Plantation called Varina or Henrico Parish. Varina was the firstCounty seat of Henrico and the first courthouse was built there. Originally the name Varina denoted an area of some 18 by 25miles in measurement. Later, when this area became known simply as Henrico, Varina usually referred to the farm. General"Dutch" Butler, a Union commander during the Civil War, set up his headquarters in Varina while he tried to cut a canalthrough Dutch Gap. Varina was also a place for prisoner exchange between the North and the South during the war, but thenit was called Aiken's Landing.

VINEGAR HILL TAVERN

Four miles from the Old Henrico County Court House at the northeast intersection of Harvie Road and Laburnum Avenue, isthe site of what was once the Vinegar Hill Tavern. The tavern got its name because of a large apple orchard behind it whoseapples made cider and, when allowed to turn to vinegar, was used in Richmond for all pickling purposes. The story is told thatduring the Seven Days battles during the Civil War, all the young ladies in the county who lived near the tavern, sat out infront and sang songs to the young Confederate soldiers marching to meet the Federal troops.

WALKERTON

Among the oldest original homes in Henrico County, Walkerton was built by an Englishman named John Walker, who came tothe colonies (date unknown), and acquired a large tract of land on both sides of Mountain Road. Walkerton served as a tavernand was the twin of Walker's residence across the road. The tavern was equipped with a wine cellar, three ice houses, and a

20 horse stable to accommodate its guests.

WESTHAM

Westham was a small trading town in western Henrico County. In 1752, the town was laid off into 150 lots with streets. Thevillage of Westham appears on a map dated 1755. The main road through Westham was Westham Plank Road, which is nowCary Street Road. There were tobacco warehouses in the village and there are references to Westham in connection withevents during the Revolutionary War. The land on which Westham was built was originally owned by the Randolph family. Thevillage must have disappeared around 1800, because it no longer appears on maps dated after that time. It is logical toassume that many areas in western Henrico bearing the name Westham derived it from the 18th Century town.

WILLIAMSBURG ROAD

The present Williamsburg Road is said to have been a trail used by the Indians before this country was settled. It was calledthe "Pocohontas Trail". There were once two toll gates on the. road, one of them being where Darbytown Road intersectedWilliamsburg Road. The road in early days was the major road to the town of Williamsburg.

WILLIS CHURCH ROADThis road was originally called Quaker Road because in Pre-Revolutionary War days, there was a Quaker settlement in thearea and they used this road to get to their church at Curies in Varina. Smith's map of 1853, has this road marked as QuakerRoad. The road was renamed for Willis Church which was used as a field hospital during the War Between the States. Duringthe battle of Frasier's farm, the church caught on fire. General Robert E. Lee ordered his men to put the fire out and save thechurch.

WILTON

This home was built between 1750 and 1753 by William Randolph, son of William Randolph of Turkey Island, who had adaughter named Anne. A problem arose because there was another Anne Randolph in the family, and to distinguish one fromanother, William Randolph's daughter came to be known as Nancy Wilton Randolph or simply, "Nancy Wilton". She had manysuitors. One of them, Benjamin Harrison of Brandon, became her husband. Thomas Jefferson, a contemporary of hers,referred to her home as "Wilton" in letters, saying, "I hear that Ben Harrison has been at Wilton, let me know his success."Early records refer to the property as "Worlds End", because of its once remote location. It was Lafayette's Headquarters in

May of 1781 while Cornwallis was in the Richmond area.

The home has been moved from its original location in Varina and is owned by and used as the Headquarters of the NationalSociety of the Colonial Dames in the Commonwealth of Virginia.

YELLOW TAVERN

An old tavern that gave its name to the cavalry engagement in which General J.E.B. Stuart was mortally wounded May 11,1864. The Battle of Yellow Tavern was fought between Sheridan's Cavalry and the Confederates Cavalry under Stuart. Thefamous opera star of that period, Jenny Lind, spent the night at Yellow Tavern when caught in a violent snowstorm whilemaking an appearance in Richmond.

An 1853 map of the county shows that a J. Hill was the proprietor at the tavern at this time.



The “New” Old Dominion TrailThe Heart of Virginia’s historic trail is getting a modern day facelift

If you’ve been in Boy Scouts for a while you’ve probably hiked our council’s Old Dominion Trail. For those of youwho haven’t, the trail begins at St. John’s Church on Church Hill and meanders 11 miles through Richmond untilreaching the endpoint at Maymont. Along the hike the trail points out 17 historic sites such as the Capitol,Governor’s Mansion, John Marshall House, Maggie Walker House, and Hollywood Cemetery.

However, the trail is showing its age and has a couple of logistical problems. The most noticeable is that the trail

is not a loop but ends many miles from where it begins. This means cars and drivers have to be shuttled beforethe hike begins and after it ends.

The trail was also designed in the 50s before much of the development had taken place along the riverfront andin Shockoe Bottom. Consequently, the trail ignores the new Canal Walk, Tredegar Iron Works, Belle Isle, and thehistoric warehouse district. It does do an admirable job to cover African American history by incorporating theJackson Ward area but does not include any of the sites along the “Slave Trail” in the Bottom.

In March of 2006 a couple of Cardinal district leaders got approval from the council to evaluate the existing OldDominion Trail and to design a new trail built for the 21st century.

The new trail is an 11.5-mile loop incorporates much of the old trail. It begins and ends at Great Shiplock Park which is not only a wonderful historic site but also provides a parking area for Scouters. It then proceedsthrough 12 different historic areas: Rockett’s Landing & Church Hill, Shockoe Valley, Finance District, Capitol

Square, Court End, Jackson Ward, Monroe Ward, Hollywood Cemetery, Oregon Hill, Belle Isle, Canal Walk, andTobacco Row. The trail will lead Scouts past over 100 historic sites that are listed on the next page.

The group is currently collecting information on all the sites to put in the trail guide that is being presented to theCouncil for approval at the beginning of March. The guide will be complete with trail maps and site descriptions(including contact information if tours are desired), and even suggestions for lunch. Together, we are alsoproducing a "podcast" of the tour that can be downloaded and used by leaders to provide a 'professional'narrative to go along with hike. I think the end product we are developing will be one of the best historic trails inScouting. If you would like to help, contact Steve Hutchinson at [email protected]



Rocket's Landing:Great Shiplock Park Woodward House (view from Libby Hill)Libby Hill Park

Soldiers and Sailors MonumentWilliam Byrd names Richmond

Church Hill:Church Hill homes

Luther Libby House2617 East FranklinTurner-Reed House Adams Double HouseMorris Cottage

St. Patrick's CathedralSt. John's ChurchSt. John's MewsCity Overlook Monte Maria ConventPilot Block Bellevue School (Elizabeth Van Lew)

Shockoe Valley:

Pohlig Brothers Building – 2nd

Alabama HospitalPoe Museum – Old Stone HouseMasons Hall17th Street Farmers MarketMain Street StationLumpkins Jail or "Devil's Half-Acre"

Shockoe Slip & Finance District:Original Capitol building (Jefferson's religious freedom

bill)"The Slip" and Great Turning BasinShockoe Slip fountainOriginal Christopher Newport Cross siteJames Center

First National Bank building

Capitol SquareUS Customs HouseBell TowerSt. Paul's ChurchZero Mile MarkerWashington monumentCapitol buildingOld City HallCapitol statuary

Harry Flood Byrd, Sr.William "Extra Billy" SmithDr. Hunter Holmes McGuire

General Stonewall JacksonExecutive MansionMorson's Row

Court EndMonumental ChurchEgyptian BuildingWhite House of the Confederacy

Valentine Richmond History CenterJohn Marshall HouseCity HallState Library of VirginiaFestival Park

Police Commerative Statue

Richmond Coliseum

Jackson WardOliver Hill bustEggleston HotelHippodrome TheaterMaggie L. Walker HouseBonjangles StatueLeigh Street Armory buildingPolice & Fire Museum

Richmond Dairy BuildingEmpire Theater

Monroe WardLinden RowJefferson HotelMonroe Park Cathedral of the Sacred HeartRichmond Landmark Theater

Hollywood CemeteryConfederate PyramidGeneral George PickettBlack Iron Dog

J.E.B. StuartFirst burial in cemeteryJohn TylerJames MonroePalmer MausoleumLewis GinterJefferson DavisPalmer Chapel

Oregon HillSt. Andrew's Episcopal ChurchJohn Miller HouseParson's Row

Virginia War Memorial

Belle IsleCivil War PrisonHollywood RapidsQuarryGun EmplacementsHydroelectric PlantIron Foundry

Canal Walk Tredegar Iron WorksBrown's Island

Haxall CanalManchester & Free Bridges

Federal Reserve BuildingChristopher Newport CrossTidewater Connection LocksLock ModelTurning BasinKanahwa CanalTriple CrossingHenry "Box" BrownFlood Wall (high water marks)

Tobacco RowTobacco commerceLibbie Prison

Virginia Holocaust Museum

Chappel Island Shipyard



The cat and dog tracks will be easy to spot, just as they were in the snow. Then we can search for the deeptracks made by the cows, pigs and horses, and if the mud is not too wet we can start making a few plaster casts.

Let's start with a good specimen of a Jersey cow — or any sort of cow. Look for a firm print on the verge of thefarm lane where the mud is not slushy. Any Scout knows the difference between mud and slush! First of all weput a "collar" of thin but tough cardboard round the print. We make these collard in advance from lengths of cardboard about nine to twelve inches long and four inches wide, gluing the edges carefully.

Now we mix some plaster of Paris to a smooth paste with water – neither too thick nor too thin. We can buy this

at any builders merchants or decorators' supply stores. But if we wan: to make a specially good plaster cast webuy some dental plaster at a chemists shop. It is more expensive but very much finer in texture and gives bettercasts. Carry this plaster around in a tin with a tight-fitting lid and don't let it get damp. Whatever we do we don'tmix it up with our food, especially if we are going camping or cycling or picnicking. We can also carry a suitabletin to mix the plaster paste in, and water is available in the nearest stream or house, or we can carry some in abottle. When we have mixed our paste really well so that there are no lumps in it, we tap the sides of the tin toget rid of bubbles. Use plaster as fresh as possible because air spoils it.

Don't make too much, either — just enough to fill our cardboard collar.

Just before we pour the plaster into the collar we remove any leaves or twigs from the print — they will spoil itotherwise. Then we pour on the plaster carefully. Let the plaster set as hard as possible. It will do so in a veryshort space of time. Then we gently remove the collar and any adhering earth, and take the cast home. Let it

remain a day or so, when we can wash it and find the track or print in permanent form.

It is real fun to make a collection of such casts to decorate the walls of the troop-room or patrol-den. The Scoutwho makes the cast can write the date on the back of the cast in pencil or Indian ink, or scratch it on with a pin just before the plaster sets in the collar. He can paint it with a hard-gloss paint, decorate it in any way he likes, orhe can just paint it with shellac to make a permanent decoration for the home. Plaster casts can be given awayas presents, or made into bookends, using a wooden mounting, or wall plaques with very little trouble.

Soon the troop will want to do something better than taking casts and tracks made by the commoner birds andcows, horses, ponies and pigs. It is more exciting to search for fox and deer and badger tracks, and the boys cansearch for lesser known birds along the banks of streams and the seashore.

The quality of the casts will improve as we make many more of them. Sometimes the plaster cracks or breaksand each patrol will have to judge by practice the right texture of the plaster mix. To strengthen the cast, andmake it more permanent, put some hair or fine wire or string, or even matchsticks, into the mix. Some cast-makers use powdered alum or mercerised wax as "strengtheners", but whatever we do we don't put salt into themix — it makes the cast brittle.

All this casting of tracks can be done on fine days in winter and early spring (February-March) so that in latespring and summer we know the technique really well—those are the best outdoor times. Then we can collectleaves for pressing and mounting with cellophane protection in a loose-leaf photo album Has the troop ever triedmounting a spray of leaves? Put a spray of thin twigs and leaves between sheets of newspaper carefully and thenput it between, say, the carpet and under felt in a place where people will walk on it. Leave it a week or afortnight and the spray will be pressed beautifully.

These are simple outdoor hobbies for the troop, but they lead on quite naturally to more exciting things —photographing wild birds and animals by day and night; sketching and painting landscapes; camping or cyclingwith a purpose, such as "collecting" old and interesting stiles or bridges or church-towers or windmills, or bringingold maps up to date by our own field observations and study.

The troop can "adopt" a stream or pond and get to know it at all seasons of the year, and the wild life connectedwith it.

Outdoor hobbies are always fun if the troop is prepared to work hard on them, and is ready to go out of doors inevery month of the year, not just spring and summer. That is the standard to aim at in the troop — to get out inevery week and month of the year.

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WEEK 20 – FEBRUARY (i i i)

THE most impromptu programmes often give most fun. here's one the Peewits and Seagulls tried out. Saturdayafternoon was spent on bikes, spinning through the woods on a cold but sunny day, ending up with an inspectionof a favourite patrol camp site some miles away. Then back to Troop H.Q. in record time, with the wind behindthem and a warm glow in every boy's cheeks.

The patrols shared tea round a roaring log fire in the troop-den and then thought out ideas for the evening. ThePeewits wanted a table-tennis tournament, but it was young Tiny of the Seagulls who won the day. "Let's have

some stump speeches!" he said, with a cheerful grin. "And I'll bet the Seagulls are better at it than the Peewits.

So the P.L.s let young Tiny organise it all himself. First of all Tiny put the name of every Scout there on a slip of paper and put those slips into a Scout hat. Then he asked every chap to think of any subject he liked and to keepthe idea to himself, but to write it down on a slip of paper. These slips were all put into a separate Scout hat. Youcould tell by the grins that some chaps had some rattling good ideas up their sleeve.

Then Tiny shook both hats up and finally took a name out of one hat and a subject out of the other. The "victim"had to speak on the impromptu subject for three minutes or longer.

First name out of the hat was Joe, P.L. of the Peewits, and he had to speak on "My Favourite Book". He made avery good job of that, because he could talk all night about Treasure Island. It led on to quite a discussion, andyoung Tiny found that half an hour had slipped away just like that. Then Tiny had the tables turned on him, for

he was the next name out of the hat and he found himself down to speak on "Girl Guides"! And so it went on,until it was time for a mug of steaming cocoa round the dying embers, and then home.

When Skipper asked Tiny what they did on Saturday night in the den he said with an infectious grin, "We had twohours of stump speeches, Skip — and, golly, they were fun, too. I remember that wet day in camp last year whenthey filled an evening up ... they're just as good for a winter Saturday night when you've had a bike trip and thechaps are feeling like a lazy evening ..."

Let's try it again for ourselves and just see.

We can try out another idea at this time of the year. To train a boy's sense of observation properly we shouldtrain him in a sense and appreciation of shape and design and pattern, as well as visual observation of tracks and

signs and so on. We can try it very simply in this way, and soon spot the boys with talent in this direction. Drawthe outline in Indian ink on a drawing- block of a number of islands around Britain — the Isle of White the Isle of Man, Arran, Anglesey, and so on. The boys will spot them reasonably quickly. But supposing we forget all aboutscale and produce a second set of island shapes on differing scales such as Holy Island, Anglesey, drawn twice aslarge as Ireland itself the Isle of Wight drawn upside down; Iceland half its normal size, and so on. That mightkeep the patrols very busy for some time, and it can be as original and full of fun as we can make it.

Then try it in a different way. So far we have dealt only with outlines of islands drawn in black on a white, orpossibly buff or yellow, background Try the reverse. Cut out islands in thin black tissue-paper and lightly tack them on white backgrounds. If we have the time, patience and ingenuity we can try the effect of differing coloursand backgrounds.

A shape or design or pattern — it doesn't have to be an island every time — is done in many colours on many

coloured backgrounds. Don't go in for elaborate designs but simple squares, circles, figures of eight lozenges,diamonds, hearts, spades, clubs, and so on, with differing backgrounds. How easy it is to identify a black shapeon a white background! But how difficult to identify black shape on a dark-green background, or even red orblue. The variations on this theme are delightful and will keep an intelligent troop going for weeks.

Stump speeches and "shape, design, pattern" observation Not a bad evening at all.

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WEEKS 21 & 22 – FEBRUARY (iv) & MARCH (i)

AN emergency situation has developed in the troop. Skipper has been taken away for an emergency operation(fortunately not serious!) or has gone north on business for a fortnight at short notice. No one is very sure at the

moment. And Andy the A.S.M. has at last gone into the R.A.F. for his National Service.



Skipper has merely sent a note to each P.L. saying, "Please carry on until I return.., it may be a fortnight andcertainly will not be less. Good luck and Good Scouting ..."

So the next bit is addressed to the boys who are carrying on in Skipper's absence.

So you've got to run your troop meetings now! Well, yours isn't the only troop with an S.M. in hospital and an A.S.M. doing National Service. Nor is it the only troop being run by three or four Patrol Leaders. I know how youfeel when you say it's a tough job being "S.M."

You say you feel short of experience, that things don't always pan out quite like you intended, that you feel prettysore over those youngsters in the Peewits messing up your Kirn's Game stunt, that you feel a bit self conscioustaking prayers like Skipper always does. Yes. it's true, no doubt But let's try and sort out the next troop meeting,shall we? It's Weeks 21 and 22 we have to keep going. Put yourself in the place of one of those "ornery"youngsters. Would you like to come into the troop-room ten minutes before troop meeting, on a starving coldnight in February, and find just nothing doing. No! You know the difference a smart duty patrol makes. Supposeyou came and found a really good fire going, a duty patrol working high pressure to get the place spick and spanbefore seven-thirty, you'd soon feel like being cheerful with members of your patrol. If there's snarling andshivery misery around the patrol comers at seven-twenty-five you're going to find it tough to run any kind of meeting.

So there's the duty patrol to get onto hard. They've got to get down early enough to make a good job of the

duty. Let's put one patrol on duty for a month at a time. Give them points for the Patrol Competition. While youinspect patrols let the other Patrol Leaders inspect the duty. See there's no dust on shelves and books; that thefloor's really clean: that the fireplace looks respectable and has a decent fire going; that there's coal and logs inthe buckets. Skipper marks each patrol each week out of 20, giving a possible 80 (or 100 if there's five Fridays inthe month) for the patrol.

You've got to start meetings promptly at 7.30 p.m. If you can, kick off at 7 p.m. so as to get the youngstershome earlier. See you get everyone off home at 9 or 9.15 p.m. at the latest. Let's suppose you begin at 7.30 p.m.

You plan the meeting out with the other Patrol Leaders two or three nights ahead. Meet at each other's houses inturn for this special secret meeting. (Mums and dads are glad to see you doing it.) Keep a stunt or two up yoursleeve to keep your patrols up to scratch.

At the monthly Court of Honour you decided to keep normal training going. That's grand. Don't forget the springand summer are just around the comer. You must keep that Court of Honour going through thick and thin. Why,it's genuine self-government! And Skipper might be away for months.

See your programme is elastic. You mould it to suit what you think Friday night will require. When Friday nightcomes you are not afraid to adapt if you find it necessary.

One thing: you must keep a troop programme notebook. On one side put down your programme with times andnotes of games and gear required. Make certain that you have all the gear you need on Friday night. Then youdon't waste time chasing round for balls and chalk and cooking gear and rope. On the other side put down notesafter the meeting. Put down the games that went down well, those that weren't so good and why, your views onthe Peewit patrol work, things that want tightening up, a note about the defective light at the north end of the

troop-room, and so on. It'll be a mine of usefulness to you, and shows you where you're going.

We were about to start on our fifteen-minute team game. We'll go for floor-ball. There are two painted lines ateither end of the troop-room about two feet from the wall. Put a couple of logs on each line about six feet apart.These are your goals A paint spot marks the centre of the room. Split your fellows into two equal sides for weightand size and line them on their own lines. One is goalie. All the rest forwards. The soft ball (good red rubber ball)you put on the centre-spot. Now each side bounds for me ball and tries to score by shooting at and through theother goal. Each player may use one hand only. The ball must not travel higher than one foot off the ground.Keep it on the floor. Encourage slick quiet passing. The goalie can stop the ball with both hands. Have a bounce-up for fouls (kicking, high and reckless passing, and so on). The best players at floor ball get a drop-kick effect byhitting the ball accurately and hard as it comes bouncing to them. A grand game and the fellows like it. Have twohalves, seven and a half minutes each way.

You ref.



Send the fellows right off to patrol comers for twenty-five minutes. You've decided what to do at your meetingwith the Patrol Leaders. So Old Tub and Ginger and Eddie get on with the job right away. They're going to finishthose Second Class badges off, get recruits through Tenderfoot and start talking about First Class Journeyreports. This gives you a breather to prepare the rest of the meeting, using the Scouter's roam or the kitchen.Ten minutes later you stick a head round the troop-room door and see how things are going. Yes, the "ornery"Peewits are signalling under Ginger. Old Tub is showing a couple of Seagulls how to deal with someone sufferingfrom shock, while the Woodpigeons are doing all sorts of mysterious things with rope. Good work.

You do something entirely different. You go round to Mr. Gee (who's the Troop Treasurer) and arrange"something awful".

What happens? Well. at almost 8.20 p.m. the Patrol Leaders suddenly tell their patrols that a man leapt out of thedarkness in the High Street at 8 p.m., smashed the plate-glass of Johnson's the Jewellers and was oft' like wildfire with a load of real "jools". His only refuge is the troop-room (don't ask why!); He tried to phone aconfederate ... Think!

Smashed plate-glass window, jools, a bleeding hand, a slinking thief in the night trying to phone. So Old Tubspatrol are the first to find the bloodstained handkerchief in the call-box at Edwards Avenue — they trail thatslinking figure in the snow, see the bloodstains (no fainting in Old Tub's patrol, please!) And it's Old Tub's patrolwho have a free fight with him near the troop-room. When the Peewits and Seagulls find the trail Old Tub'scrowd are calmly eating "jools" and sitting on your head. Marvellous what you can do with three bottles of ink, a

quarter of a pound of liquorice allsorts, an old trilby and Joe's old mackintosh.

To clinch matters, you have your ten minutes' snow fight outside the troop-room (providing there's snow!). OldTub's Patrol v. The Rest. The Rest get their own back and win hands down — five heads buried in snow to twosnowballs stuffed down neck.

Crumbs! That's nearly 8.45 p.m. ... ! We'll have to cut out the cooking practice. You meant to show them (on apressure stove on the stone hearth because you want the fire for cocoa) how to make a flapjack. You take threequick-fire ideas for three patrols instead. Each patrol under its patrol second while the three Patrol Leaders makethe cocoa. Quick, quick, three ideas! First patrol. Know it? First patrol oft' the floor, first patrol on it... to touchglass, paper, wood, aluminium, green curtains (careful!) First patrol right round the troop-room outside and back at the alert in its own patrol comer. Watch them pant!

And you're still ready! Three patrols spaced out in lines. (You've got a sign for doing that.) The troop knows truenorth in the troop-room. Right across the Seagull's corner. "Face north", you shout They do. "Northeast","Southwest" and so you go on. Last three in get points for their patrols. Grand fun.

As Old Tub signals that the cocoa's going great guns you put three Scouts blindfold with legs wide apart in thecentre of the room. Put the rest of the troop at the south end. See how many can get through the Scouts' legsand safely to the north wall. It only takes three and a half minutes. But only four of the gang get through. Don'tthey love it!

Then you have the cocoa, the troop chatter and Old Tub's Pride (Madeira cake, numb one!). Notices and prayersfollow. Yes, they're quiet and they'll like your idea of Lord's Prayer together with hats off, then a different felloweach week reading a prayer from The Scout Prayer Book , a silent prayer (especially for your absent Scouters) and

the benediction "Teach us. Good Lord, to serve Thee as Thou deservest.

Flag-down. Troop dismiss. And inside six minutes everyone, including the duty patrol, are gone. If you are lucky,that is!

That leaves you and Old Tub and Ginger and Eddie round the fire for fifteen minutes or so, to talk of old timeswith a second cup of cocoa and a second piece of Old Tub's Pride.

H'm! You were twelve and a half minutes late on that troop meeting — according to your schedule! You wish youhad as many shillings. Well, that's not so dusty, son. Make up for it next week!



LONDON: HERBERT JENKINS

First published by Herbert Jenkins Ltd.

3 Duke of York Street London, S.W.I.

1954

Second Printing September 1955 Third Printing October 1961

This and other traditional Scouting texts can be downloaded from “The Dump” at ScoutsCan.com

http://www.thedump.scoutscan.com

http://www.thedump.scoutscan.com/

http://www.thedump.scoutscan.com/



CITIZENSHIP IN THE COMMUNITY

This Merit Badge is Required to earn the Eagle Scout Rank

REQUIREMENTS were REWRI TTEN as of January 1, 2005.

1. Discuss with your counselor what citizenship in the community means and what it takes to be a good citizen in yourcommunity. Discuss the rights, duties, and obligations of citizenship, and explain how you can demonstrate goodcitizenship in your community, Scouting unit, place of worship, or school.

2. Do the following:a. on a map of your community, locate and point out the following:

1. Chief government buildings such as your city hall, county courthouse, and public works/servicesfacility

2. Fire station, police station, and hospital nearest your home3. Historical or other interesting points

b. Chart the organization of your local or state government. Show the top offices and tell whether they areelected or appointed.

3. Do the following:

a. Attend a city or town council or school board meeting, or a municipal; county, or state court session.b. Choose one of the issues discussed at the meeting where a difference of opinions was expressed, andexplain to your counselor why you agree with one opinion more than you do another one.

4. Choose an issue that is important to the citizens of your community; then do the following:a. Find out which branch of local government is responsible for this issue.b. With your counselor's and a parent's approval, interview one person from the branch of government you

identified in requirement 4a. Ask what is being done about this issue and how young people can help.c. Share what you have learned with your counselor.

5. With the approval of your counselor and a parent, watch a movie that shows how the actions of one individual orgroup of individuals can have a positive effect on a community. Discuss with your counselor what you learned fromthe movie about what it means to be a valuable and concerned member of the community.

6. List some of the services (such as the library, recreation center, public transportation, and public safety) yourcommunity provides that are funded by taxpayers. Tell your counselor why these services are important to yourcommunity.

7. Do the following:a. Choose a charitable organization outside of Scouting that interests you and brings people in your communitytogether to work for the good of your community.

b. Using a variety of resources (including newspapers, fliers and other literature, the Internet, volunteers, andemployees of the organization), find out more about this organization.

c. With your counselor's and your parent's approval, contact the organization and find out what young peoplecan do to help. While working on this merit badge, volunteer at least eight hours of your time for theorganization. After your volunteer experience is over, discuss what you have learned with your counselor.

8. Develop a public presentation (such as a video, slide show, speech, digital presentation, or photo exhibit) aboutimportant and unique aspects of your community. Include information about the history, cultures, and ethnic groupsof your community; its best features and popular places where people gather; and the challenges it faces. Stage yourpresentation in front of your merit badge counselor or a group, such as your patrol or a class at school.



District Merit Badge Counselors

Citizenship in the Commun ity

Michael Ballato12316 Chadsworth Ct

Glen Allen, VA 23059-6932H (804) 360-0733W (804) 358-4961

Ann Bolen10200 Avenham WayRichmond, VA 23233-3689H (804) 741-8429B (804) 343-5605

Keith Brooker2508 Pleasant Run DrRichmond, VA 23233-3031H (804) 740-4993

B (804) 515-1977

Malvern Butler784 Three Chopt RdManakin Sabot, VA 23103-2423H (804) 784-4241B (804) 784-4241

Chris Corcoran1708 Taft Pl Apt A Richmond, VA 23233-3234H (804) 741-0795B (804) 501-4109 x6292

Patricia Damron3202 Attems CtGlen Allen, VA 23060-3768H (804) 672-6523B (804) 560-6603

CindyJo Daniel1304 Old Francis RdGlen Allen, VA 23059-4505H (804) 266-0993W (804) 501-5128

Tilda Davis13581 Greenwood Rd

Glen Allen, VA 23059-1617H (804) 752-7061B (804) 771-2100

David DeLand2019 Stonehollow Rd

Richmond, VA 23233-5804H (804) 754-7297W (804) 301-3951

Elizabeth Goodhue3237 McIntyre StRichmond, VA 23233-1763H (804) 360-3019

Gerald Hemphill9400 Midvale RdRichmond, VA 23229-3918H (804) 527-0098

B (804) 740-5711

William Hofacker12108 Glastonbury PlRichmond, VA 23233-7072H (804) 360-8668B (804) 527-4000 x2249

Shelby Jewell7751 Flannagan Ct Apt 7Richmond, VA 23228-6431H (804) 360-8668B (804) 662-7458

Bill Jorgenson11104 Glen Hollow CtRichmond, VA 23233-1858H (804) 762-8954B (804) 935-4882

Mark Leep511 Gardiner RdRichmond, VA 23229-6918H (804) 288-7528B (804) 240-1154

Jeffrey McFarland8301 Paigley Pl

Richmond, VA 23229-8429H (804) 282-6232

Jose Nepomuceno16052 Daybreak LnBeaverdam, VA 23015-1729H (804) 227-3731B (804) 274-5616

Katherine Pantele10800 Old Prescott Rd

Richmond, VA 23233-3529H (804) 740-7711

Bruce Pettie2644 Fleet AveRichmond, VA 23228-5136H (804) 264-7151B (804) 213-4608

Rich Raible2324 Singingwoods LnRichmond, VA 23233-2638H (804) 741-0623

Sam Sears3737 Blue Lake DrRichmond, VA 23233-1053H (804) 360-8230W (804) 360-8231

Elizabeth Sims10317 Hickory Hill Rd

Ashland, VA 23005-7340H (804) 798-7651W (804) 798-5902

Sandy Spicknall12928 Fox Meadow DrRichmond, VA 23233-2297H (804) 364-4697

Sandra Szadaj11414 Sutton Park CtGlen Allen, VA 23059-1855H (804) 752-2585

George Vogel13804 McTyres Cove Pl

Midlothian, VA 23112-4669H (804) 744-5225B (804) 537-5602



CITIZENSHIP IN THE NATION



1. Explain what citizenship in the nation means and what it takes to be a good citizen of this country. Discuss the rights,duties, and obligations of a responsible and active American citizen.

2. Do TWO of the following:a. Visit a place that is listed as a National Historic Landmark or that is on the National Register of Historic

Places. Tell your counselor what you learned about the landmark or site and what you found interestingabout it.

b. Tour your state capitol building or the U.S. Capitol. Tell your counselor what you learned about the capitol,its function, and the history.

c. Tour a federal facility. Explain to your counselor what you saw there and what you learned about itsfunction in the local community and how it serves this nation.

d. Choose a national monument that interests you. Using books, brochures, the Internet (with your parent'spermission), and other resources, find out more about the monument. Tell your counselor what you

learned, and explain why the monument is important to this country's citizens.3. Watch the national evening news five days in a row OR read the front page of a major daily newspaper five days in arow. Discuss the national issues you learned about with your counselor. Choose one of the issues and explain how itaffects you and your family.

4. Discuss each of the following documents with your counselor. Tell your counselor how you feel life in the UnitedStates might be different without each one.

a. Declaration of Independenceb. Preamble to the Constitutionc. The Constitutiond. Bill of Rightse. Amendments to the Constitution

5. List the six functions of government as noted in the preamble to the Constitution. Discuss with your counselor howthese functions affect your family and local community.

6. With your counselor's approval, choose a speech of national historical importance. Find out about the author, and tell

your counselor about the person who gave the speech. Explain the importance of the speech at the time it wasgiven, and tell how it applies to American citizens today. Choose a sentence or two from the speech that hassignificant meaning to you, and tell your counselor why.

7. Name the three branches of our federal government and explain to your counselor their functions. Explain howcitizens are involved in each branch. For each branch of government, explain the importance of the system of checksand balances.

8. Name your two senators and the member of Congress from your congressional district. Write a letter about anational issue and send it to one of these elected officials, sharing your view with him or her. Show your letter andany response you receive to your counselor.



CITIZENSHIP IN THE WORLD



1. Explain what citizenship in the world means to you and what you think it takes to be a good world citizen.2. Explain how one becomes a citizen in the United States, and explain the rights, duties, and obligations of U.S.

citizenship. Discuss the similarities and differences between the rights, duties, and obligations of U.S. citizens and thecitizens of two other countries.

3. Do the following:a. Pick a current world event. In relation to this current event, discuss with your counselor how a country's

national interest and its relationship with other countries might affect areas such as" its security, itseconomy, its values, and the health of its citizens.

b. Select a foreign country and discuss with your counselor how its geography, natural resources, and climateinfluence its economy and its global partnerships with other countries.

4. Do TWO of the following:a. Explain international law and how it differs from national law. Explain the role of international law and how

international law can be used as a tool for conflict resolution.b. Using resources such as major daily newspapers, the Internet (with your parent's permission), and news

magazines, observe a current issue that involves international trade, foreign exchange, balance of payments, tariffs, and free trade. Explain what you have learned. Include in your discussion an explanationof why countries must cooperate in order for world trade and global competition to thrive.

c. Select TWO of the following organizations and describe their role in the world.1. The United Nations2. The World Court3. World Organization of the Scout Movement4. The World Health Organization5. Amnesty International6. The International Committee of the Red Cross7. CARE

5. Do the following:

1. Discuss the differences between constitutional and nonconstitutional governments.2. Name at least five different types of governments currently in power in the world.3. Show on a world map countries that use each of these five different forms of government.

6. Do the following:. Explain how a government is represented abroad and how the United States government is accredited to

international organizations.a. Describe the roles of the following in the conduct of foreign relations.

1. Ambassador2. Consul3. Bureau of International Information Programs4. Agency for International Development5. United States and Foreign Commercial Service

b. Explain the purpose of a passport and visa for international travel.



7. Do TWO of the following (with your parent's permission) and share with your counselor what you have learned:. Visit the Web site of the U.S. State Department. Learn more about an issue you find interesting that is

discussed on this Web site.a. Visit the Web site of an international news organization or foreign government, OR examine a foreign

newspaper available at your local library, bookstore, or newsstand. Find a news story about a human rightrealized in the United States that is not recognized in another country.

b. Visit with a student or Scout from another country and discuss the typical values, holidays, ethnic foods, andtraditions practiced or enjoyed there.

c. Attend a world Scout jamboree.d. Participate in or attend an international event in your area, such as an ethnic festival, concert, or play.

________________________________________________

District Merit Badge Counselors

Citizenship in the World

Michael Ballato12316 Chadsworth CtGlen Allen, VA 23059-6932H (804) 360-0733W (804) 358-4961

Keith Brooker2508 Pleasant Run DrRichmond, VA 23233-3031H (804) 740-4993B (804) 515-1977

Malvern Butler784 Three Chopt RdManakin Sabot, VA 23103-2423 H (804) 784-4241B (804) 784-4241

Michael Cowan4832 Saddleridge CtGlen Allen, VA 23059-2507H (804) 440-0236B (804) 290-3180

Patricia Damron3202 Attems CtGlen Allen, VA 23060-3768H (804) 672-6523B (804) 560-6603

Tilda Davis13581 Greenwood RdGlen Allen, VA 23059-1617H (804) 752-7061B (804) 771-2100

David DeLand2019 Stonehollow RdRichmond, VA 23233-5804H (804) 754-7297W (804) 301-3951

Hyland Fowler12369 Traylor Springs LnAshland, VA 23005-7851H (804) 752-7882W (804) 550-4001

Elizabeth Goodhue3237 McIntyre StRichmond, VA 23233-1763H (804) 360-3019

Gerald Hemphill9400 Midvale RdRichmond, VA 23229-3918H (804) 527-0098B (804) 740-5711

William Hofacker12108 Glastonbury PlRichmond, VA 23233-7072H (804) 360-8668B (804) 527-4000 x2249

Steve Hutchinson7623 Sweetbriar RoadRichmond, VA 23229-6619H (804) 288-0828W (804) 965-7471

Bill Jorgenson11104 Glen Hollow CtRichmond, VA 23233-1858H (804) 762-8954B (804) 935-4882

Dennis Kiker3414 Ridgemere DrRichmond, VA 23233-7504B (804) 421-6242

Katherine Pantele10800 Old Prescott RdRichmond, VA 23233-3529H (804) 740-7711

Bruce Pettie2644 Fleet AveRichmond, VA 23228-5136H (804) 264-7151B (804) 213-4608

Rich Raible2324 Singingwoods LnRichmond, VA 23233-2638H (804) 741-0623

Victoria Salmon2148 Megan DrGlen Allen, VA 23060-2241H (804) 262-0403B (804) 274-5241

Leland Warnick13111 Densmore PlRichmond, VA 23233-7515H (804) 364-0742

Sandra White

8305 Penobscot RdRichmond, VA 23227-1444H (804) 553-1179B (804) 226-3299 x2500



Supplemental Training Module of the Month

Scoutmaster Conference Training

TrainingSummary

This module will teach Scoutmasters, assistant Scoutmasters, and other troop leaders about thepurposes of the Scoutmaster's conference and will offer suggestions for questions that could be askedat these conferences.

Time Required 60 minutes

Target Audience • Scoutmasters and assistant Scoutmasters

• Troop committee members and other adult troop leaders

LearningObjectives

At the end of this lesson, participants will be able to

• State the purpose of the Scoutmaster conference and how it is used to further the Boy Scoutprogram.

• Plan a Scoutmaster conference with an eye to the individual Scout's needs.

• Conduct a Scoutmaster conference.

Training Format Small-group discussion or lecture, personal coaching, or self-study.

RequiredMaterials • Flip chart and markers• Sample Scoutmaster Conference Questions handout

TrainingResources

None

The Role of the Scoutmaster Conference

According to the Boy Scouts of America charter, the purpose of Boy Scouting is to develop in a young man the ability to do

things for himself and for others, to train him in outdoor skills, and to teach him patriotism, courage, self-reliance, and kindredvirtues. We use the methods of Scouting—including advancement, the outdoors, and adult association—to accomplish thesegoals. The Scoutmaster conference allows the Scoutmaster to review

• The Scout's growth in his understanding of Scouting's ideals

• How the Scout applies these ideals in his daily life and in the troop

• The requirements of the Scout's next rank so that he can be properly encouraged

Why does the Scoutmaster engage in this one-on-one review? The relationship between a Scout and his Scoutmaster isimportant for the troop's health and for the Scout's success. The Scoutmaster must watch the troop's dynamics to see who isshowing leadership, who is holding back, who is shy, who is working with the younger boys, who is skilled in outdooractivities, etc. Further, the Scoutmaster must watch the individual Scout to determine whether he is advancing, whether he ishaving fun, and whether he seems eager or uneasy.

These functions are not easily performed if a Scoutmaster delegates a Scoutmaster conference to assistants. In a boy-leadtroop, the Scoutmaster does not assert his authority, but guides and counsels every Scout so that the troop can function welland serve the purposes of Boy Scouting. The Scoutmaster conference is one of the primary ways the Scoutmaster does this.

In large troops, delegating this function may be necessary, especially when large numbers of Webelos Scouts are joining thetroop. In these cases, an experienced assistant Scoutmaster can fill in to conduct the Scoutmaster conference. Rememberhowever, that this first Scoutmaster conference is vital to the new Scout's development.

Even in a large troop, a Scoutmaster should not delegate a conference with any candidate for Star, Life, and Eagle.



When and Where to Hold a Scoutmaster Conference

The Scoutmaster conference should be held in a quiet place that is conducive to give and take between the Scout andScoutmaster. There should be no possibility for embarrassing the Scout, but remember that the BSA Youth Protection policyrequires that one-on-one sessions between a youth and an adult be visible and accessible by other people.

Some possible meeting places include a quiet corner of the Scout meeting hall during a troop meeting or, in a larger troop, ahallway outside the troop meeting area. At a campout, on a hike, or at summer camp are good times for a Scoutmasterconference as long as the Scout and Scoutmaster remain visible to the other Scouts. An ideal place for a Scout's firstScoutmaster conference might be his home, where he would be more comfortable and better able to express his hopes anddesires.

Because the conference is designed to provide direct give and take between Scout and Scoutmaster, for both the Scout's goodand the good of the troop, a Scoutmaster conference can take place any time, especially when a Scoutmaster senses that aScout needs a conference or if the Scout asks for one. Of course, each rank advancement requires that a boy have a formalScoutmaster conference.

Types of Scoutmaster Conferences

A Scoutmaster conference is simply a chance to talk to a Scout about how he is doing, how he feels about the troop and hisrole in it, how he is advancing, and how he is striving to live up to Scouting's ideals. Consequently, a Scoutmaster conferencecan take place anytime and for any reason.

Some reasons to have a Scoutmaster conference may include:

• A Scout's lack of advancement

• A perceived trouble between the Scout and others in the troop

• A certain event at the last campout or troop meeting

The required Scoutmaster conferences for advancement should not be perceived any differently than any other conference.Making a Scoutmaster conference an advancement requirement affords every Scout at least one opportunity at each rank level to meet with his Scoutmaster in this personal way. Each rank involves progressively greater mastery of Scouting skillsand advancing leadership growth. Therefore, the advancement Scoutmaster conferences should reflect the Scout's increasingmaturity.

Another issue to be considered at the Scoutmaster conference is the concept of Scout spirit, which is part of the advancementprocess.

How to Hold a Scoutmaster Conference

The Scoutmaster conference is neither an interrogation nor a retesting of a Scout's competence. It should be an informalconversation between Scout and Scoutmaster either toward a certain goal or as a requirement for advancement. In eithercase, open-ended questions are good to prompt the Scout's comments. Encourage him to come to conclusions on his own;don't simply tell him what you think.

The nonadvancement conference may be related to a problem, either with the Scout or with the troop. In these cases, youwill be counseling the Scout, helping him form his own conclusions about the problem at hand. In a good conference you maylisten more than you speak.

Listen carefully to what the Scout is saying, then listen to what he is not saying. Skilled counselors often respond to commentsby others by simply smiling or giving encouraging sounds like "uh-huh" or "OK." Ask the Scout to repeat what he is saying adifferent way to get an entirely different take on the situation. Confirm your understanding of what the Scout is saying bysummarizing, but try not to put the boy in a corner.

If there is a solution to the problem, try to allow the Scout to come up with it. Perhaps he cannot formulate a solution, butcould choose from among several you can think of. In all events, try to have the Scout make the conclusions. If a solutioncannot be found, agree to meet in the future to see if circumstances have changed or whether the Scout has found an answerto his problem.

In the advancement conference, you will assess the Scout's readiness for his board of review and his progress since his lastScoutmaster conference. This should not be a time of retesting his competence in Scouting skills; someone has already

attested to that. The Scout must have completed all of his requirements for rank before the conference can take place.



It is appropriate to review the Scout's achievements and to discuss them without retesting. Of course, this may be the timefor you to check his advancement record for the appropriate signatures.

You can and should ask a Scout how he felt about certain accomplishments and how he felt he handled himself on a serviceproject. Ask a Scout about his leadership position and whether he believes he was successful. You can discuss any problemswith an eye toward solving them.

A young man who is not ready to face a board of review (the last step in the advancement process) can be counseled if yousense a lack of Scout spirit or leadership. The Scoutmaster conference should not be a time to shut the door on advancementbut to work with the Scout to create goals that will allow him to succeed.

The board of review is the final step in the advancement. However, the members of the board of review are troop committeemembers who might not know the Scouts as well as the Scoutmaster. If a Scout's advancement is to be deferred, that shouldcome at the Scoutmaster's conference. While the board of review is not a rubber stamp, the Scoutmaster should not approvethe Scout at the Scoutmaster's conference and then expect the board of review to defer the Scout.

The requirement for advancement is that the Scout participate in a Scoutmaster's conference, not that he "pass" theconference. Even after a negative Scoutmaster's conference, if the Scout desires a board of review, he should be granted hisrequest.

When advancement may be deferred, it is important that there be no surprises. The Scout should not come to theScoutmaster's conference or board of review thinking that everything is OK and then be surprised that his advancement isdeferred. He should have had plenty of warning and guidance prior to the negative Scoutmaster's conference or board of

review. "A Scout is friendly," "A Scout is courteous," and "A Scout is kind" should be the points of the Scout Law that guidethe Scoutmaster when the advancement of a Scout must be deferred.

This is particularly true for Eagle boards of review. Rarely a Scout may complete the requirements for Eagle through theScoutmaster's conference but then be deferred by the Eagle board of review because that board's members believe that hedoes not meet Eagle Scout standards. When this happens, it represents a failure in the advancement process by all concernedand a severe violation of the "no surprises" principle.

Always end a Scoutmaster conference with praise for the positive aspects of the Scout's character, his skill level, and/or hisaccomplishments.

The following discusses the general nature of specific advancement conferences. Checklists of questions could be (and havebeen) developed for each of the specific ranks, but the Scout's Boy Scout Handbook and your troop's advancement chart

provide the skeleton for questions of that nature. The following are simply guidelines for the specific conferences.

The Joining or Scout Scoutmaster Conference

This first Scoutmaster conference allows the Scoutmaster and the Scout to size each other up, to get to know each other, andto encourage the openness that is so important between the Scout and Scoutmaster.

This is an opportunity for the Scoutmaster to explain a bit about the Scouting program, about the troop and its traditions, andabout how Boy Scouting differs from Cub Scouting. A Scout probably will not know the Scoutmaster, nor the Scoutmaster theScout, and this is a good chance for both to learn about each other.

In some ways, the joining conference is one of the most important meetings of a boy's Scouting career because it will set thetone of the relationship between the Scout and his Scoutmaster. It should be informal; it should be friendly; and from thestandpoint of the Scout, it should be encouraging and supportive.

Discuss some possible questions you could ask the Scout as well as some key points to explain.

The Tenderfoot Through First Class Scou tmaster Conferences

The Tenderfoot through First Class Scoutmaster conferences are ways of getting to know the Scout better, to review hisprogress in achievements, and to discuss how he felt about the various steps he has taken on the Scouting trail, including hisindividual achievements. This should not be a time of retesting, but rather a time to reflect on the skills learned and how theScout has absorbed the ideals of Scouting.

Questions here naturally will deal with a certain campout, for example, or the difficult time the Scout had with knots, but it

also may deal with how he is getting along with certain other Scouts or how he exhibits Scouting ideals outside the troop.



Other aspects of the conference should never take a back seat. This is the time to ask the Scout how he feels about thetroop's program, whether he feels he is learning anything, and whether he is having fun.


The Star and Life Scoutmaster Conferences

The Star and Life conferences will be a bit longer than previous ones. The Scout will have acquired many more skills and willevidence more maturity. Leadership will be one of the significant topics to be discussed. Each of these ranks involves service

projects, and you should ask the Scout how he felt about the projects.

As a Scoutmaster, you may be evaluating how a Scout has done in his leadership positions, but this is not the time to tell aScout that he was a poor leader. If that is the case, or was the case, it should have been the subject of a Scoutmasterconference long before the advancement conference. Leadership skills should be reviewed as they are exhibited, not held overto a Scoutmaster conference where the Scout is flunked for failing to meet expectations.

On the other hand, it may be that a Scout will conclude that he needs to work on certain aspects of leadership before heachieves the next rank, and you should be supportive of this concept.

As before, you will be evaluating his Scout spirit. Remember that at these ages the Scout will change fundamentally muchquicker than you might imagine, and the Scoutmaster conference can be an opportunity for you to reevaluate the candidate.


The Eagle Scoutm aster Conference

If you have watched him from the date he joined the troop, you may know this Scout well by the time of his Eagleconference. He should be congratulated on all he has accomplished thus far.

This is an occasion to review the Scout's Eagle service project, but not an occasion to criticize it. After all, you, asScoutmaster, have already approved the project concept and both the troop committee and the head of the agency for whomthe project was accomplished have determined that it was satisfactorily completed. Rather, you should review the Scout'sproject with him so that he will feel comfortable explaining it to his Eagle board of review.

You will be counseling a very accomplished young man, one who has an experience with the troop that is inherently differentthan yours. It is wise to understand what the Scout feels are the strengths and shortcomings of the troop.

You also can ask the Scout whether he believes he is prepared for his Eagle board of review. Of course, Scout spirit is a partof this discussion. The Eagle candidate's spirit should be such that he is an example to other Scouts.


The Eagle Palm Scou tmaster Conference

Like the Eagle Scoutmaster conference, the Eagle Palm conference is an opportunity for you to learn. Listen carefully to whatthe Scout says.

By now you will have a strong relationship with the Scout and will be able to discuss his goals and how they may havechanged. You should encourage the Scout to remain visibly connected to the troop. You should not be discouraged if a highschool student is less able to devote his spare time to Scouting alone. You may notice that this Scout's activity with the troopis less than you would desire, but you should be able to tell if a Scout is living up to the ideals of Scouting outside the troop aswell as inside it. Again, always conclude these conferences with words of encouragement. Eagle Palm conferences areopportunities for you to have a give-and-take discussion with the very best in Scouting. Enjoy it.




The Scoutmaster Conference and the Health y Troop

The discussion so far should give you an appreciation for how the Scoutmaster conference can contribute to a healthy troop.This conference is the ideal place to encourage leadership, to check on arising problems, to head off future problems, and tomake sure the Scout is on track to accomplish the goals and methods of Scouting.

There should never be a heavy-handed approach to a conference; this is no attempt at disciplining a wayward Scout. Rather,it should be thought of as a way to make it easier for a Scout to do the things that contribute to the troop's health. Perhaps aScout can be encouraged to work with younger Scouts or to let other Scouts perform their roles in the troop withoutbadgering.

The Scoutmaster Conference and the Healthy Scout

Most importantly, the Scoutmaster conference should be a way of encouraging the individual Scout. The Scoutmasterconference is the most personal method in Scouting to assess the needs and desires of a Scout, to encourage and supporthim, to learn of his fears and hopes, to help him to see himself in the greater context of Scouting, and to encourage hispersonal growth, both in skills and in living up to the ideals of Scouting.

The BSA is a values-based organization with a goal to develop in young people and adults a life of service to God and country,to others, and to self. We do this by holding up the Scout Law as a guide for personal conduct in all contexts. Our world canbe a better place if we succeed in this process.

________________________________________

Sample Scoutmaster Conference Questions

The Joining or Scout Scoutmaster Conference

♦ What did you like about Cub Scouting?

♦ What do you think you will like about Boy Scouting?♦ Do you have any brothers or sisters?♦ What are your interests outside of Scouting?

♦ Why did you join our troop?♦ Do you have any questions about Boy Scouting or the troop?

♦ What does the Scout Oath mean to you? The Scout Law?

You should explain:♦ The advancement process, including who will be approving and recording his progress♦ The purpose and timing of Scoutmaster conferences♦ How the boy-led troop works and his advancing role in it♦ The patrol method and the new-Scout patrol

Make sure you give the Scout handshake and see that the Scout can demonstrate the sign and salute.

The Tenderfoot Through First Class Scou tmaster Conferences

♦ Who is your patrol leader, and what do you think of him?

♦ What do you think of the problems you are facing?♦ How have you progressed on first aid?♦ What are your goals for the next few months, and how do those goals meet advancement requirements?♦ What do you think would make the troop better?

You can review what a Scout should have learned in his signed off achievements and see how he has absorbed the skills. Ask a Second Class candidate about his service project—how he felt about it, how he felt he had done, did he believe he wassuccessful, and how he measured that success.

You should explain:♦ That a Scout does not always keep a skill by simply doing it for advancement; that he must repeat it, and in some

cases, teach it, to really have the skill♦ The value of planning to achieve his goals

♦ How setting advancement goals involves looking ahead to see what must be accomplished and in what order

♦ How the Scout can use the merit badge program to explore interests and accomplish advancement



The Star and Life Scoutmaster Conferences

♦ What merit badges did you enjoy, and why?♦ What merit badges did you get the most out of, and why?

♦ How did you feel about your leadership position?♦ How did you feel about how you exercised that position?♦ Did you feel you accomplished anything in that position?

♦ What were your frustrations?♦ Who do you think is doing a good job in the troop?

♦ Have you decided what merit badges you will be earning next?♦ Have you thought about achieving Eagle?♦ Have you thought about a service project for Eagle?

You should explain:♦ The progressive nature of service projects from Star to Eagle♦ The nature of required and unrequired merit badges

The Eagle Scoutm aster Conference

♦ How did you feel your Eagle project went?♦ Did you run into any rough spots?♦ Did you plan enough to get you over the rough spots?

♦ How did you work with the agency for which you did the project?♦ Was that agency clear in its goals for you?♦ Would you do the project differently now?♦ How do you think the troop is doing?♦ How do you intend to help the troop after you become an Eagle Scout?♦ Do you have any goals for the troop?♦ What are your goals for yourself?♦ Do you feel you are an Eagle Scout?♦ Do you believe you have accomplished all you need to in order to become an Eagle Scout?

You should explain:♦ That his Scouting career is not over; that Eagle Palms, leadership, and adult leadership await him♦ That other opportunities exist in the Order of the Arrow, Venturing, and Sea Scouting

The Eagle Palm Scou tmaster Conference

♦ How do you plan on contributing to the troop now?♦ What are your goals for the troop?♦ What are your personal goals?♦ How will your Scouting experience help you?

You might explain:♦ Scouting opportunities for older boys♦ National Youth Leadership Training♦ Leadership in the Order of the Arrow♦ Camp staff opportunities♦ The Hornaday Awards

♦ Venturing♦ What happens when a boy leader turns 18♦ Potential service as an assistant Scoutmaster♦ Remaining active in Scouting in college or when one moves



Notes

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cdbsrt handout for january 2007

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