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Impact assessment: the latest ILP guideIs all lanes running a good idea?Dark thoughts from Sir Andrew Motion

JOURNALLIGHTING

The publication for all lighting professionals

March 2013

Atrium staircase at First

Central 200. See p28

COVER PICTURE

16

30

Contents 1

Lighting Journal March 2013

03 EDITORIAL

04 NEWS

08 LIGHT MINDED/ LIGHT HEARTED

10 IMPACT ASSESSMENTS James Paterson and Malcolm

Mackness summarise the main

points from the ILP’s newly

published PLG04

16 GOING WITH THE FLOW Mark Cooper examines the HA’s

proposed measures for controlling

their wisdom

20 DAMAGE LIMITATION Mike Simpson reviews the latest

SLL Guidance on obtrusive lighting

22 NO TIME TO WASTE Simon Cook on the need to plan

ahead for forthcoming changes

to the WEEE Directive

24 WE MUST EMBRACE THE DARKNESS

Former poet laureate Sir Andrew

Motion launches Star Count 2013

with an impassioned plea

28 STEP IN THE LIGHT DIRECTION

A staircase detail creates a striking

30 ALTARED STATE

Durham’s World Heritage Site

reaches completion

34 POST MODERNISM

for a street light...

38 FLASHES OF BRILLIANCE Carl Gardner brings a critical

eye to the Light Show exhibition at

the Southbank’s Hayward Gallery

42 PRODUCTS

44 LIGHT ON THE PAST

Simon Cornwell on the can of

worms that was the 1928

45 CONSULTANTS

46 LIGHTING DIRECTORY

48 DIARY


10

Volume 78 No 3

March 2013

PresidentPete Lummis I.Eng MILP

Chief Executive Richard G Frost BA (Cantab) DPA

FIAM

EditorJill Entwistle

Email: [email protected]

Editorial Board Tom Baynham

Emma Cogswell IALD

Mark Cooper IEng MILP

Graham Festenstein PLDA

John Gorse BA (Hons) MSLL

Eddie Henry MILP MCMI MBA

Keith Lewis,

Nigel Parry IEng FILP

Andrew Stoddart BEng (Hons)

IEng MILP

Advertising ManagerJulie Bland

Tel: 01536 527295


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© ILP 2013The views or statements expressed in these pages do not necessarily accord with those of The Institution of Lighting Professionals or the Lighting Journal’s editor. Photocopying of Lighting Journal items for private use is permitted, but not for commercial purposes or economic gain. Reprints of material published in these pages is available for a fee, on application to the editor.

Editorial 3

Presumably it’s the same with other professions and industries but, as

has often been acknowledged, in lighting we spend an awful lot of

time talking to each other. Mainly the observation arises in connection

with our need to raise awareness of lighting issues with government, other

branches of the design and engineering fraternity or even the general public.

Whether we are discussing new technology such as LEDs, the drawbacks

of Part L or the relationship between lighting and wellbeing, it helps to tell

the people that matter about it rather than just chattering among ourselves.

about stuff down at the pub rather than actually doing anything about it.)

listen to an outside, lay person’s opinion of a lighting

issue. That opinion of necessity is unlikely to be as

fully informed as the professional’s, but is nevertheless

all the usual arguments before. Which is why we felt

it was appropriate to reprint an article written by Sir

Andrew Motion in the Daily Telegraph for the launch of

Star Count 2013. The former poet laureate and current

president of the Campaign to Protect Rural England

begins with an aesthetic and philosophical appreciation

of darkness that probably few of any sensibility would

disagree with. He then moves on to argue that the

has resulted in no actual harm (whether in terms of increased accidents or

there he might have a bone of contention. We hope it stimulates debate.

Even if, for now, it is only among ourselves.

Jill Entwistle


News 5 4 News

Lighting Journal March 2013Lighting Journal March 2013

Last month the Law Commission began a ministerially backed three-month consultation on the legal entitlement to daylight.

Dating from 1611, ‘rights to light’ are automatically prescribed to buildings where natural light has been constant for 20 years, a situation the consultation is proposing could be changed. The move is part of the continued bid to free up planning laws, and to prevent home owners delaying development projects.

According to the Consultation Paper, the as ‘an easement: a property right, entitling a landowner to receive, usually through a window, enough of the natural light passing over a neighbour’s land to enable the ordinary use of the building’.

Some 2.8m homes in England and Wales built in the past 20 years could be affected if the automatic right is removed.

‘Rights to light can have a profound effect,’ says the document. ‘They are valuable to landowners and can protect the amenity of properties, but in doing so they allow those who

degree of control over what can be done on neighbouring land.

‘The availability of modern, good quality

commercial space is important to the success of increasingly dense, modern town and city centres, and to the economy more generally.’

However, the

according to the Northumberland-based rights to light consultant Smith Marston LLP. A less-publicised proposal from the document, says partner Adrian Marston, is that developers will need to give notice of a proposed obstruction. ‘Currently their options are to keep quiet and hope nobody comes out of the woodwork, or seek insurance cover,’ says Marston. If objections are not raised within 12 months then prescriptive rights to light are lost.

‘People in London are very

familiar with these rights, but further north there is less awareness,’ adds Marston. ‘This move will draw attention to the fact that developments can be contested. Developers were hoping for an outright ban, whereas the proposal actually will make the whole process much more transparent.’

To read the consultation document

in full, go to: http://lawcommission.

justice.gov.uk/docs/cp210_rights_

to_light_version-web.pdf

Brecon Beacons National Park has

granted the status of an international dark sky reserve, awarded by the US-based International Dark-Sky Association.

This means that the night-sky is protected and lighting controls are in place to prevent light pollution.

Park in south-west England; Mont

Megantic in Quebec, Canada; Aoraki Mackenzie in New Zealand, and NambiRand Nature Reserve in Namibia.

were distributed to residents living in the ‘core zone’ of the park to inform them of the simple measures they could take, such as tilting outdoor security lights downwards instead of up, that could make a difference to how dark the night sky appears.

To get through the application process, local astronomers conducted a survey to assess the levels of light pollution, and lighting consultant LCADS prepared the lighting masterplan as part of the park’s submission.

LCADS is currently providing a similar service for Loch Lomond National Park and Northumberland National Park, together with Kielder Water and Kielder Forest.

Rights to light challenged

Model sun/daylight assessment (Courtesy Smith Marston)

The ILP is to launch its new Skills Portal on 8 April. The portal brings together the training and education resources already offered by manufacturers so that a wider audience of young lighting designers

the ILP website for both members and

required skills and identify where training resources are available.

‘It is designed to help practice heads create training and development programmes, and for young entry-level designers to understand what they need to know and help them acquire the necessary skills and knowledge,’ said ILP vice president Mark Ridler (pictured), who has been instrumental in organising the portal.

To get involved, manufacturers

simply need to provide a 30-50 word summary of what training they offer, and what they will provide, as well as a contact that designers can use to arrange training. This will allow designers to approach providers directly as they wish.

The modularity of the portal allows it to be applied

backgrounds and lets the employer select the skills

whether pure design, sales, or manufacture.

It will also create a consensus as to what skills are required that will help employers in staff recruitment and retention, and create greater clarity for those wishing to enter the profession

as to what is required and what progression is possible.

‘By harnessing readily available and largely free training resources, we can develop skills within the profession, increasing our status and standing within the construction industry,’ said Ridler.

Welsh park becomes dark sky beacon Warrington Council plans to invest

£34m in a major street lighting renewal programme that will see the total replacement of more than 22,000 lighting columns and lanterns over three years.

The council will be opting for LEDs in an effort to reduce its energy usage. At present two-thirds of Warrington’s annual £2.2m street lighting budget is spent on energy.

More than a third of the 27,500 lights in the borough are over 40 years old. Some 17,000

replacement,10,000 of which are high priority.

Somerset County Council is spending £250,000 on the repair and replacement of around 100

after acknowledging that they could be a safety risk, according to the local BBC website.

Warrington invests £34m in upgrade programme

ILP launches Skills Portal

The findings of an important research paper on lighting and traffic accidents will be the subject of an online live seminar on 2 April. The webinar has been organised by the Lighting Research Centre (LRC) at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in the USA, in conjunction with the ILP.

Entitled To Illuminate or Not to Illuminate: roadway lighting as it affects traffic safety at intersections, the session will feature LRC director and professor Mark Rea and senior research scientist John Bullough, collaborating with Eric Donnell, associate professor at Penn State and faculty researcher at the university’s Thomas D Larson Pennsylvania Transportation Institute. All of them were involved with the research project.

The team used lighting and crash data for state highway intersections in Minnesota to develop quantitative models relating night-time driving safety to the presence of lighting at these intersections.

In parallel, LRC researchers modelled prototype roadway intersections with and without lighting, based on roadway lighting practices in Minnesota, and including the effects of vehicle headlights.

Using a model of visual performance developed by Rea while at the National Research Council of Canada, they were able to estimate drivers’ ability to detect potential hazards quickly and accurately under each lighting scenario compared to when there was no roadway lighting present.

According to LRC, the webinar will offer information that can be used now to not only

allocate lighting more efficiently, but to design lighting more effectively.

‘As new practices such as solid-state lighting, adaptive roadway and vehicle lighting, and benefit-cost analysis continue to emerge, the tools that will be presented in this webinar will help agencies specify and shape lighting that minimises energy use and environmental impact, while maximising the use of limited public resources,’ said Rea.

The webinar is on 2 April at 5pm and will last one hour. Cost per participant is $25 (around £16), free for LRC Partners. Sign up for the session by filling out and sending the registration form available from the following website: www.lrc.rpi.edu/education/outreachEducation/registration/liveFromtheLRCRegistration.asp

The headline of a news story ‘Warwickshire accident blamed on switch-off’ (P4, January LJ) referred to a local newspaper

blaming Warwickshire County Council’s part-night lighting policy for a tragic accident, not that it was the outcome of an enquiry. The enquiry is ongoing.

News in brief

Elizabeth Thomas, public lighting engineer at Walsall Metropolitan Borough Council, has been appointed ILP vice president highways and infrastructure. A member of the ILP since 1997, Thomas has been an active contributor to the institution as past chairman of the Midland Region. ‘I am very pleased to welcome Elizabeth to the vice-presidential team as she has both the experience and the knowledge to create a vision for how the institution may better serve the highway lighting community in future,’ said ILP president Pete Lummis.

Xicato, whose LED modules are based on remote phosphor technology, has introduced the first industry warranty that guarantees modules in an installation will deliver visually consistent light from luminaire to luminaire for a five-year period. The five-year colour consistency and lumen maintenance warranty has been underwritten by insurer Munich Re which evaluated Xicato’s patented corrected cold phosphor technology, as well as the company’s product qualification and manufacturing processes to assess the risk of a potential product failure..

Street lighting manufacturer Charles Endirect has appointed Andrew Jackson as its new national sales manager. Jackson was originally trained as a lighting designer and sales engineer by Thorn Lighting. He has also held senior sales positions with Holophane Europe and Harvard Engineering.

Chinese and American researchers claim to have created an LED lamp that emits warm white light – less than 4000K –with a single light-emitting phosphor, according to findings published in the online journal Light: Science and Applications.

The usual process of combining two or more phosphors to achieve warm white light from LEDs is costly and often results in inconsistent colour output because the source materials respond differently to temperature variations. A single phosphor theoretically solves the problem of colour stability because the colour quality doesn’t change with increasing temperatures.

The researchers – University of Georgia

physicist Zhengwei Pan, with colleagues from Georgia, Georgia Southern University, Oak Ridge National Lab, Argonne National Lab, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences – created the new phosphor by combining small quantities of europium oxide with aluminium oxide, barium oxide and graphite powders.

They then heated the powders at 1450 degrees C in a tube furnace. A vacuum created in the furnace pulled the vapourised materials on to a substrate, and deposited the vapours as a yellow luminescent compound.

This compound was then encapsulated in a bulb and illuminated by a blue LED chip, creating a warm white light. The phosphor material achieves a colour rendering of Ra85.

‘Our material,’ says Pan, ‘achieves a warm colour temperature while at the same time giving highly accurate colour rendition, which is something no single-phosphor-converted LED has ever been shown to do.’

However the process is still not commerically viable as the efficiency of the new material is much lower than that of conventional white LEDs. In addition, in order to produce it on an industrial scale means resolving even small variations in temperature and pressure in the phosphor synthesis process which can result in materials with different luminescent colours.


Single phosphor breakthrough

The recent ILP Forum on S/P ratios was an excellent event; I was honoured to have been invited to attend and hope that the ILP continues to hold such events. There is a need though to address a critical item raised in the brief summary presented in the January 2013 issue of LJ, and this relates to energy consumption.

The summary mentions that the new guidance based on S/P ratios will lead to an increase in energy consumption, this being relative to previous guidance which allowed a one-step reduction when using white light. This is not a fair statement.

What the new guidance (as reported in PLG03) does is provide a system that maintains approximately the same level of visual amenity under different types of lamp by allowing variation in illuminance – a lamp of higher S/P ratio uses a lower illuminance. With lamps of moderate S/P ratio this reduction in illuminance may not be as much as gained using the one-step reduction, but it is still a potential energy reduction compared with no reduction in illuminance.

The one-step reduction used only one criterion, that lamp Ra was equal to or greater than 60. Colour rendering (Ra) says nothing about ability to detect pavement obstacles, potential trip hazards. So ignoring S/P ratio (which does

correlate with obstacle detection) might have led to a compromise on safety when using lamps of high Ra but low S/P ratio by using a low illuminance when it was not justified.

On a larger scale, a switch-off policy saves energy but is recognised to be disadvantageous for safety, yet we do not refer to the increased energy consumption of a non-switch-off policy. Let’s be consistent with compromises.

The aim of guidance offered in PLG03 is to maintain equal visual amenity under different lamps: what it does not do is to say whether that is the right level of visual amenity, because that is a function of illuminance class selection. It is in the selection of illuminance class that energy consumption is primarily addressed, yet there appears to be little evidence for this range of illuminances in either visual needs or cost-benefit analysis.

My contribution to the Merlin project, along with Peter Raynham at UCL and John Barbur at City University, is working towards generating better data for the selection of lighting classes.

Steve FotiosProfessor of lighting and visual perceptionSheffield University

LETTER

6 News

New ILP members

AFFILIATESEsther Ademosu (SELC)James Ashley-Down (Thorn Lighting)Malcolm Aveyard (GMI Renewable Energy Group)David Bannister (AccurIC)Neil Bennett (Principal Lighting)Philip Beveridge (EON)Lindsey Carey (Abacus Lighting)Susan Chambers (WL Gore and Associates UK)John Cummins (Piltown Engineering)Liam Eason (Harvard Engineering)Mark Fenton (Harvard Engineering)Russell Fletcher (Harvard Engineering)Shae Gilbert (London Underground)Edward Goodson (Luton Borough Council)William Hutchinson (Snapfast)Jon Ivey (Mayflower Complete Lighting Control)Pawel Jarzebowski (Abacus Lighting)Ramya Kalmady (Amey)Stewart Kampman (James M Anderson) Michael Kormanic (MBK Consulting)Nigel Lampkowski (Signature Dee-Organ)Rory Marr (Enlighten Design)Neil McClymont (Abacus Lighting)Katy Merrington (Enlighten Design)Richard Muirhead (Urbis Lighting)Peter Nelson (Abacus Lighting)Rachel O’Connell (SSE Contracting)Graham Parker (BES Consulting Engineers)Simon Pell (Ark Lighting) Chris Penney (Signature) Robyn Penniall (UK Power Networks)Hoshiar Randhawa (Onlight) Allan Richardson (Snapfast Commercial Solutions) Roger Seaman (London Borough of Redbridge)Kenneth Seeley (Luton Borough Council)David Shillibier (SSE Contracting)Alastair Uren (Lucy Zodion) Mark Wightman (SSE Contracting)Simon Winch (MMA Lighting Consultancy) Joseph Witton (Abacus Lighting)

TRANSFERS FROM AFFILIATESteve Biggs IEng MILPSuresh Babu Pamidimukkala EngTech AMILPDavid Hollingsworth EngTech AMILPPeter Ormshaw EngTech AMILP

CORPORATE MEMBERS: Saudi Lighting Company Snapfast

Left to right: Feng Liu, Zhengwei Pan and Xufan Li (University of Georgia)

HOW

TO

APP

LY

To apply to speak at an ILP event, please email [email protected] with:• Author’s full name and organisation• Author’s email, postal address, mobile

and landline telephone numbers• Title of proposed paper• 250 to 500 words in English describing the

proposed paper with enough information for the reviewers to make an informed decision

• Details of any event or publication which has previously featured the paper

If you wish to discuss your paper prior to submitting please email [email protected] and the Vice President Events will call you for an informal chat.

For the greatest chance of being accepted, please submit your application by 31 March 2013. However, events are developed on an ongoing basis both nationally and regionally so we are always open to approaches from speakers throughout the year.

ANY QUERIES? The ILP Events Team is happy to help on 01788 576492

Operations Manager – Jess Gallacher [email protected]

The Institution of Lighting Professionals has launched its 2013 programme of events, packed with potential for all lighting professionals. All ILP events provide an inspiring and affordable way for everyone in the lighting world to fulfill CPD requirements, build and maintain competency, and ultimately to deliver quality

lighting for the built environment to achieve public benefit. The ILP Vice President Events invites applications from potential speakers in the lighting profession and associated fields. In this period of unprecedented challenges, presentations should inform, inspire and stimulate debate amongst event attendees.

4TH J

UN

E

SUM

MER

24 &

25TH

JU

NE

CALL FOR PAPERSFOR PROFESSIONAL LIGHTING EVENTS

11 &

12TH

SEP

TEM

BER

This summit has been developed to afford delegates the latest information, best practices and technological advances in an efficient, cost effective format. This prestigious event is the highlight of the ILP’s highly respected annual events programme.

Focusing on LED and solid state lighting, this event includes two Professional Lighting Seminars to provide education and CPD for an audience of ILP members and non members.

THE PROFESSIONAL LIGHTING SUMMIT Glasgow

LIGHTING PROFESSIONALS AT EUROLED Birmingham

LIGHTSCENE IN UTTOXETER

LOCAL AUTHORITY LIGHTING London

This event includes two Professional Lighting Seminars to provide technical and educational depth to the day and top quality CPD for attendees.

An interactive day of discussion and debate on the most pertinent issues affecting everyone involved in exterior lighting.

Dear LED marketeer: I think you are not really aware of where LEDs are or should be at in 2013. From my

experience, generation one was the 5mm epoxy encapsulated white LED that I specified on to projects around 1999 to 2000. Generation two was the first high-power devices from the likes of Lumiled, Cree and a few others. Generation three was the wafer-thin flip chips when we started to see some reasonable, genuine light output and efficiencies. Generation four is the remote phosphor devices where the possibility of reasonable and reliable colour rendering appeared.

We are, after some 13 years, still waiting for Generation X: the LED with a guaranteed long life, genuine high efficiency in the application including all gear and optical losses, excellent colour rendering, good warm colour appearance and able to deliver a clean tight-focused beam of light – in fact, exactly what has been promised by LED marketeers like you since 1999.

We also need these at an initial cost directly comparable with other light sources because most lighting equipment purchase decisions end up being made on, or excessively influenced by, purchase price.

Your assertion that traditional luminaires are ‘seriously inefficient’ is not correct. It is convenient that the standards for LEDs require complete fittings to be measured so the light output ratio is always 100 per cent. All optics have losses, all LEDs have very significant efficiency losses due to operating temperatures (it took 10 years before the practice of quoting LED efficiencies at a junction temperature of 20 degrees C began to be changed to something closer to actual operating temperature). By normal standards the most efficient luminaire is a bare-batten fluorescent where all the light except for that reflected from the batten spine is available to be directly reflected by room surfaces, thereby creating a luminous environment.

LEDs, by their nature a directional light source, may be better at delivering light into a small patch below the fitting and this is historically how lighting has come to be measured, though it is not the most effective way of creating lit space. I would direct you

to Christopher Cuttle’s papers on ideas for how to advance lighting design and light measurement to see where things need to be going in this respect. Quality of light is about the quality of the lit environment, not any numbers relating to any particular performance parameter of the fittings used.

As I mentioned, LEDs are typically directional. However, when it comes to really narrow distributions, say to use instead of LVTH reflector spotlights, we still cannot get good clean beams below 20 degrees. What we get are multi-chip devices with consequent multiple shadows and single-chip devices with a fried egg distribution – a hot spot more or less of the required beam angle with a huge blob of light out to the field angle which is three or four times the beam angle when it should be very close to it.

To tame the good remote phosphor LEDs into a decent beam requires reflectors of 125mm diameter or more, giving lie to the claim that LEDs allow for small fittings, particularly once you have added the requisite massive heatsinks.

Directional lighting is a limited subset of the tools required by lighting designers. Area lighting by LEDs is frequently possible but at astonishingly high cost. Typically a lensed linear fitting for close offset wallwashing will cost £700 a meter and has the advantage of being able to work at a very close offset. The energy cost is usually around 70W a meter for 2W chips on 33mm centres.

Doing the same job with fluorescent would use a 1.2m-long 28W fitting end-to-end, albeit at a reasonable offset from the wall, with a range of fittings priced between £80 and £300 each. To be frank, the quality of light available from good T5 tubes is comparable with typical LEDs both in the warm and cool range. The chip-on-board type devices suitable for linear applications like this just do not come in really good colour rendering types.

You seem to have convinced a great many non-lighting specialists that LEDs are the only light to be used now and in the future. How about using this expertise to persuade your company bosses to actually deliver what you have promised?

8 Opinion


ILP president Pete Lummis on natural, and unnatural, wonders

I am often told how passionate I get

when talking about lighting – which

is true. I do get very excited when I

see good lighting, whether aesthetic

or functional, interior or exterior.

Having said that, the best lighting is

still the sun.

Ok, it has the whole of the sky as a

backdrop: clouds, storms, snow, sunrise,

sunset. It gives vibrancy to objects,

man-made or God-made. Ever been out

on a dull overcast day, when everything

is flat and almost one-dimensional, no

shadow, no depth, and then the sun

comes out, and light pours out across

the landscape, city and rural? The scene

comes alive, colours become enriched.

Without it we can get depressed, with

it we feel warm and our senses feast

on all it gives.

I recently sat on an Italian hillside

and took time to watch the magical

transition from daytime through sunset

and dusk to night-time. I saw the clouds

almost turn to fire as the sun sank

below the horizon; then the pink hues

and slow change from light to dark. I

continued to watch as the motorway

(sorry autostrada) lighting came on as

a ribbon of light extending across the

valley between the hills.

I saw the cars moving along this

lit ribbon. All around the street lights

started to give distance and shape

to a town that sat on the side of the

now-dark hills. I saw the lights from

blocks of flats, watched as a church

and bell tower were picked out by the

floodlighting. Above the stars appeared.

The transition was complete. From day

to night, from sun to man-made light.

I love them both.

LIGHT Minded...Frustrated lighting designer Kevan Shaw, principal of KSLD,

writes an open letter to LED marketeers

LIGHT Hearted

[advertorial] Project: Wigan Town CentreLocation: Wigan, Lancashire, UK

low maintenance LED lighting

We believe in creating innovative lighting solutions that make cities more liveable whilst using the most

offering throughout our 120 year history.

Keith Benson, Wigan Council’s street scene and lighting manager

Guidance update 11


PLG04 Guidance on Undertaking Environmental Lighting Impact Assessments has been produced primarily as a working guide to lighting assessment procedures, where required within planning applications. However, as it is based on the fundamentals of good lighting practice, it should also help designers in evaluating lighting effects in many other situations. It has developed into a fairly long document and its main sections are summarised below.

Section 1: Background

Describing and characterising both rural and urban environments has been a function of landscape architecture for many years. Originally, there was little consistency in style or scope of coverage, including lighting aspects. Eventually, methods became more formalised and incorporated in national regulations, requiring both details of any changes associated with developments and assessment of their impacts.

Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) became

following the introduction of EU directive 85/337/EEC, amended in 1997 by directive 97/11/EC. This requires

development in the future.Even outside the statutory requirements, planning

may therefore be used in such cases, adapted to the level of detail appropriate in the circumstances.

PLG04 focuses on the lighting assessment aspects of such development applications in a holistic way. While most of the impacts are effects on people and their perception of the surroundings, assessments must also include impact on

producing the ecological sections of the EIA.

on, the process for producing a lighting assessment, the guide can also be used as a prompt for the lighting designer on

remove, or minimise, potential environmental problems.

Section 2: Terminology

As for all things nowadays, acronyms cannot be avoided and a complete section had to be developed to clarify lighting references in the hierarchy of the main processes and associated planning jargon. As a result, the report attempts to maintain clarity and consistency in various references. For

impact assessment whose acronym, LIA, is widely used to mean landscape impact assessment.

The word receptor is heavily used in environmental

element affected by the development, including pollution,

is primarily the visual effects that are of concern, and these are

entitled receptors, visual receptors or viewpoints. To limit confusion PLG04 uses the term viewpoint.

Section 3: Lighting and the landscape

lighting design should now recognise that there may be

adjacent viewpoints with a potentially reduced visual quality of

lighting aspects is set out in the same format as that required for the overall environmental impact statement.

While many projects in rural areas will require lighting assessments, the situation can occur in a variety of environments, each of which will have its own characteristics. Setting appropriate lighting limits to cope with a reasonable

of the local environment and then by specifying an appropriate environmental zone see table below).

Section 4: Environmental zones

Based on CIE thinking, the concept of an environmental zone was introduced to the UK in the 1990s in an ILP Guidance Note (GN01). The latest version of this is included

Guide on the limitation of the effects of obtrusive light from outdoor lighting installations.

Environmental zones should be ideally set by the planning

This should be part of their overall planning strategy for the county or district, or whatever area concerned. In cases where this has not been done, the lighting professional may have to make decisions on the nature of the area and

guidance on this process is given.The environmental zone sets the limits for new lighting in

respect of:

• • • Source intensity (candelas)•

decorative lighting systems (cd/sqm)

Section 5: Planning applications and design detail

Planning applications can be provided with different levels of design detail. Typically there are three stages:

1. design or levels

2. Provisional design: indicative design meeting task lighting requirements

3. Final design: with full details and calculation data

Impact assessmentsJames Paterson and Malcolm Mackness of LCADS summarise the key points in the ILP’s latest guidance, PLG04

Environmental zones showing obtrusive light limitations (ILP 2011)

Urban development sites

The preliminary investigation will typically link into an outline planning application, having only general proposals for potential layouts of roads and buildings and so on. It is not possible, therefore, to undertake any actual lighting

designs will require the appropriate lighting components to be developed and evaluated.

Section 6: Lighting assessment structure

For each of the three planning stages that are listed above, the lighting assessment should generally follow the sequence set out here, which in turn follows the structure set out

the client, their format must be followed, but the coverage should include:

1. Site description, in short form 2. Method of assessment, site visit and evaluation

procedures 3.

development and its visual impact 4. Proposed development – nature of the associated

lighting proposals and designs 5. Residual effects – what changes in the lit scene are

6. Potential mitigation – what is proposed to eliminate or limit lighting problems

7. areas where there is a lack of information at the time of the report

8. Appendices

In addition to the main technical report, there will also usually be a requirement for a non-technical summary of the lighting assessment.

Section 7: The lighting assessment report

of the above items in this section, which is quite substantial. Particular emphasis is placed on the baseline assessment – what is required, and the various safety and other procedures that should be used in producing it. The need for both day and night visits to viewpoints is covered, with the daytime visit being used, in part, to assess the potential hazards of returning after dark.

Although visits in rural areas may be more remote, there

The need for a personal risk assessment for all locations is stressed, along with the need for two people on site in most

cases, as well as emergency contact systems and so on.Suggestions on recording of information and evaluation

of the baseline scene from each viewpoint are given, as well as a possible recording format. If site notes and records can be structured to match the style of the lighting assessment,

Where night-time visits prove impractical on safety or other grounds, the guidance also outlines techniques for producing informed assessments, based on available safe viewpoints and professional interpretation. It also gives an

report to integrate into the LA.

Section 8: Proposed development

matter what the size or location of the lighting project is and whether it is a short-term, standalone project or part of an overall long-term development. The level of design and the detail that can be produced will vary depending on the application status and detail.

preliminary design elements in applications carry through to

to the development proposal and local environment. If there are alternative site layout options initially, then suitable designs will have to be prepared for each.

Identifying the need for particular ranges of mounting heights and types of luminaire at this stage may help in

Once the site layout and features have been settled,

construction, and revisions are all too common. Choice of an

may be a good strategy, if possible.

that is required at each stage are given in this section. Other design elements such as the use of appropriate maintenance factors, plan requirements and visualisations and so on are also covered here.

Inherent within the design process must be the formulation and application of mitigation strategies. This aspect is covered in Section 10.

Section 9: Residual effects

These are the effects that the proposed development will

They will include such elements as:

• Illumination of roads and accesses, parking areas, buildings and so on

• Spill light• Source intensity • Light presence• Effects on wildlife and so on

The impacts for both construction and operational phases are normally assessed against a seven-point table. Section 9

Section 10: Potential mitigation

Mitigation strategies should be an inherent part of a professional lighting design. The formulation of a design approach for the development should therefore naturally involve both achieving the target lighting values and limiting spill light, in addition to minimising glare and light presence.

This section of the assessment requires a summary of

set out. Many of these are often relatively straightforward and would involve references to working within the appropriate British Standards and so on.

part of it, then these will require more detailed consideration in this section. Potential effects on wildlife and plants are a typical case in point.

Section 11: Conclusions

This summarises the previous sections and can be used

information or detail because it is unavailable, this should be

Section 12: The non-technical summary

Environmental Impact Assessments are public documents and will be published by the local planning authority, usually

to be in a form understandable to the general public. While technical detail may be necessary in the main body of the lighting assessment, a non-technical summary must also be provided. This should avoid jargon and be written in plain English as far as possible.

Guidance update 13 12 Guidance update

Design presentation

Table showing di!erent e!ects of proposed development

Horizontal lighting contours

Many rural projects will need lighting assessments, but the situation can occur in a range of environments, each with its own characteristics

Section 13: CV

This section is a reminder that only competent lighting professionals should undertake lighting assessments and that a brief CV will support this.

Although the focus of the guide is for those producing lighting assessments, it will also act as a checklist for those who are asked to carry out evaluations on behalf of local authorities or other clients.

Section 15: Photography and images

As part of the lighting assessment, day and night-time photographs are an important element of the presentation. They can be especially useful in the non-technical summary, but often form a substantial part of the main report.

This section contains a wealth of information and recommendations on viewpoint location, personal safety, camera mounting, lens focal lengths, apertures and the

which should be consistent with images provided by others within the overall EIA.

Section 16: Lighting measurements

Any lighting measurements that may be subject to public and/or legal scrutiny will require use of a suitably calibrated light meter.

Measurement techniques in the various planes are included in this section.

Summary

lighting assessment as part of an environmental impact

assessment, and to provide practical advice on the

are covered in detail. The need for careful risk analysis

when undertaking site visits by day, and particularly at

night, has been highlighted as a result of feedback

from various projects.

Structure both emitting and re"ecting light

City development at night

14 Guidance update

To download a copy of PLG04, go to www.theilp.org.uk/resources/ilp-technical-reports/

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The ever-growing problem of congestion on our road network is being addressed by the

Highways Agency (HA) with the use of technology and clever infrastructure management. With fewer roads being built, but more cars on the road, the HA have had to make best use of

introduction of managed motorways (MM). All lanes running (ALR) is one of the ways of tackling this issue.

Managed motorways have been with us for a while. The use of variable speed limits (VSL), with changing speed signs on overhead gantries and enforcement cameras to monitor drivers’ speeds, ensure that vehicles move at a consistent speed instead

appeared on the M42 Birmingham during 2005 where additionally dynamic hard shoulder running (MM-DHS) was introduced. Additional variable speed limit schemes were rolled out on the M6 and M25 in 2007.

Dynamic hard shoulder running

(MM-DHS)

This is where the hard shoulder is

during periods of congestion. During

no incidents are present, no signs or

increases, a variable mandatory speed limit (VMSL) is automatically displayed by the LED electronic signals above the running lanes, similar to those seen on the M25 controlled-motorways scheme.

However, unlike that scheme, an additional signal displays a red-cross lane control aspect over the hard

additional capacity, and when it is safe to do so, the hard shoulder is opened

(RCC) operators. This is conveyed to road users through the display of a mandatory speed limit above the hard shoulder, in addition to those displayed over the remaining running lanes, and

on the Motorway Signal Mark 4 (MS4s). When the demand level subsides,

the RCC operators and the motorway reverts to an M25 controlled-motorway-style environment with mandatory speed limits displayed on the advanced motorway indicators (AMI) above the running lanes and a red-cross lane control aspect displayed above the hard

the signs and signals are switched off and the carriageway returns to conventional motorway operation.

Gantries are typically spaced at 800m intervals and combine a

Along with the variable speed limit signs and enforcement cameras, they will also have CCTV cameras

monitoring cameras. Of course with the hard shoulder

being opened intermittently, at times of congestion, then additional space has to be created for those drivers

or other emergency incident. These take the form of emergency refuge areas (ERA). Also typically spaced every 800m, ERAs will be automatically

emergency response telephones.

Lighting

As with any improvement scheme, there has to be an economic case for the upgrade of the lighting. This

road improvements and their impact on the proposed lighting upgrades. In accordance with the HA guidance on Designing for Maintenance, lighting from the verge is the preferred option, as well as employing appropriate road restraint systems to protect the roadside infrastructure. This, of course, adds to the assets to be maintained

and increases costs, which generally produces a negative outcome to the economic assessment.

If the lighting of the motorway, or

and the main carriageway remains unlit, then the process of evaluating the lighting should be as follows:

Standalone business cases need to be produced for the separate lighting of each of the following areas:

• Junctions• • ERAs

Emergency refuge areas are to be

lit to an appropriate CE class. In the case of an unlit motorway, then CE5 is

The M42 pilot experience

The M42 scheme was initially run as

showed a reduction in journey times of up to 25 per cent. The report also indicated a fall in the number of

to 1.5 a month on average.A further report published after three

years of the pilot project established the

• Personal injury accidents have reduced by more than half (55.7 per cent)

• There have been zero fatalities• Casualties per billion vehicle

miles travelled have reduced by just under two thirds (61 per cent) since the introduction of managed motorways

It can be seen that this project was a success. The scheme met all objectives and is safe but, critically in my opinion, it features fully upgraded and maintained lighting.

Additional MM-DHS running schemes have been implemented

to conventional road-widening

reduced cost.However, shortly after the

completion of these projects

banking crisis and recession, and the government put a hold on all future infrastructure projects and subjected them to the compulsory spending review.

Highway lighting 17

Going with the Mark Cooper looks at proposed measures

Appropriate supporting information displayed on variable message signs


Managed motorways: the future

In a recent document published by the HA (Managed Motorways – All Lanes Running: Concept of Operations), it outlines the proposed development of managed motorways to allow the HA to meet its targets of controlling and reducing congestion on the network,

environmental targets. This proposed design will be

known as MM-ALR (managed motorways – all lanes running) and varies from the above projects through to the constant use of the hard shoulder as a full-time running lane. Other additional design changes include:

• Variable mandatory speed limits with an associated enforcement/compliance system

• Driver information, including lane availability, to be provided at intervals not

1500m.• Information will be provided

signals capable of displaying appropriate combinations of: mandatory speed limits; lane-closure wickets; pictograms,

include entry slip signals (ESS)• A queue protection

system and congestion management system

• Comprehensive low light, pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) CCTV coverage

• Refuge areas provided at 2500m.

These may either be bespoke

emergency refuge area) or alternatively may be converted

instance, a wide load bay. A motorway service area (MSA),

slip/link road, or the hard shoulder of an intra-junction link may also be considered to provide a refuge

• Emergency roadside telephones (ERT) provided in all dedicated refuge areas

The key feature of the MM-ALR design is the permanent replacement of the hard shoulder with a controlled running lane. Permanently removing the hard shoulder eliminates the

opening and closing the dynamic

DHS schemes. Additionally, the hard shoulder monitoring cameras, and the associated technology and systems

that the hard shoulder can be opened safely, are not required on future schemes, and do not form part of the MM-ALR physical design.

Low light CCTV cameras will be used to monitor the network and allow dedicated control room operatives to meet and react to the demands and incidents on the network.

When compared to the MM-DHS design, the MM-ALR

This will be achieved in part through the reduced provision of technology assets, as well as completely eliminating the requirement for dedicated hard shoulder monitoring (HSM) CCTV cameras, and their associated control systems. There will also be a corresponding drop in civil

fewer gantries will be required and fewer dedicated refuge areas will need to be constructed. In many cases the number of nearside vehicle restraint systems will also be reduced, since there will be fewer assets to protect.

This MM-ALR design means that maintenance of roadside infrastructure is obviously

describes how In order to reduce risk to maintainers (and to support design for maintenance),

designers must catalogue all the assets that are currently installed within the scheme, identify all redundant or potentially redundant infrastructure, and assess whether it should be removed.

Assets that could be removed include, but are not limited to:

• • Marker posts• Barriers• Lighting• Fog sensors• Signs and signals• Ramp metering sites

HA has also produced an interim advice note that details the design considerations for these schemes (IAN 161) which states that there is no requirement for lighting an ERA. It also goes on to state that for MM-ALR schemes where the motorway is not currently lit, lighting shall not be considered.

The document goes on to say

contained in the scheme they should be assessed individually in order to ascertain whether they should remain lit. This should be carried out in accordance with the economic assessment procedure, it says. However, it goes on to state that the data used for predicted accident

18 Highway lighting

savings to be applied in this case will only be those where the contributory factors (or absence of) over the past

to indicate lighting may potentially be

accidents involving drink, drugs, suicide, vehicle failures (such as tyre defects, brake failures), mobile phones,

contributory factors such as following too close and too fast for conditions, and swerved and sudden braking.

Although I agree with some of this

advance visibility (car headlamps give

60m – typical stopping distance for a car travelling at 70mph is 96m).

the minimum lighting levels will be:

• ME3a where junction separation is >3km

• ME2 where junction separation is <3km (or equal to 3km)

• no area/section shall be lit as

is to be installed, it must be remotely

of the electrical test interval, thereby reducing the requirement for non-scheduled maintenance visits. I take this to mean the use of LED lighting

good environmental and energy conscious design, it will add to the capital cost, thereby further reducing the chances of a positive outcome to the economic assessment.

Projects planned for this type of scheme include:

• M1 jct 28 -31, 32-35 and 39-42

• M3 jct 2-4a• M25 jct 5-7 and 23-27• M60 jct 8-12• M62 jct 18-20

Motoring organisations and

at these proposed changes, although

lack of lighting, but other road safety concerns. Although the HA should be applauded for its drive to reduce energy consumption, CO2 production and reduce congestion on the network, is this a step too far?

Brief guide to acronymsALR: All lanes runningMM: Managed motorways MM-DHS: Dynamic hard shoulder runningVSL: Variable speed limitsVMSL: Variable mandatory speed limitERA: Emergency refuge areaAMI: Advanced motorway indicatorESS: Entry slip signals

‘Motoring organisations and Rospa have all expressed concerns at these proposed changes, although not speci#cally about the potential lack of lighting, but other road safety concerns’

$e HA’s recent document on ALR outlines the proposed development of managed motorways

Peter Boyce, the author of the SLL’s Guide to limiting obtrusive light, is a well-known academic in the lighting profession, and brings together both research and

practice to the guide, making it a one-stop shop for all issues relating to obtrusive light. For those for whom this is a new

– sky glow, light trespass and glare – will be useful. The guide then goes on to look at the science behind these.

For sky glow, the mechanisms of light scatter are

the horizontal. Understanding these principles will enable the designer to choose the correct equipment and apply it in such a way as to minimise sky glow.

The mechanisms of glare are also discussed and, although later on limiting intensities are quoted, I always have the feeling that any source against a night sky is going to cause some objection and, with something so subjective, is this the best

way of controlling it? Practical measures to restrict a direct view of the source from a distance may well be the best approach.

The meat of the guidance is in the section on lighting limits, where the lighting designer can

move into the comfort zone of calculation and numbers. For those who haven’t

considered the most effective calculation tool for quantifying obtrusive light. This, together with the limits, will ensure that

when questioned the designer can assure that full account has been taken of the effects of obtrusive light.

I was particularly pleased to see the table of luminance

This table originated from the SLL Urban Lighting Guide, a document long since out of print but written by practitioners going out and measuring typical lighting levels of illuminated buildings in urban areas. Like all obtrusive lighting the criteria

amount of urban activity and population. The levels set for

this table with students for many years and the consensus is that it produces well-balanced decorative lighting that

One way to limit obtrusive light, of course, is to keep lighting levels to a minimum, and reference is made to reducing designed levels with white light sources. This technique has now been fully embraced in BS5489 2013 Code of practice for road lighting, where at low lighting levels we now consider the shift in the eye’s response towards the blue end of the spectrum.

Other things to consider are mechanical shields to reduce the effect of glare, and controls on when the lighting is to be used. Often a complaint against the lighting is more to do

into the evening than the actual lights themselves. This has a useful guide on how to deal with these issues and clearly

Finally the guidance takes the most common problems such as sports pitches, advertising signs and so on, and discusses the most practical way to overcome them. The

information from many sources into a concise reference document on obtrusive light.

For those familiar with the ILP Guidance Notes for the Reduction of Obtrusive Light, the two documents are aligned as far as lighting recommendations are concerned and indeed this new guidance inevitably draws on ILP recommendations.

the subject, including the science behind obtrusive light, and

a useful shorter reference document with reference sketches showing good and bad practice.

Suitable for lighting specialists, planners, architects or anyone who has to deal professionally with the topic, this guide is a good read. The main thing to appreciate is that most obtrusive light is subjective and while following guidelines will minimise problems after installation, it doesn’t guarantee there will be no neighbourly disputes.

The SLL Guide to limiting obtrusive light

was published in January and is available

at www.cibseknowledgeportal.co.uk

20 Review

Damage limitation

Mike Simpson reviews the SLL’s

latest guidance on obtrusive light

$e ‘shoebox’ calculation method


It is very clear that any measure that increases recycling levels will also serve to reduce the waste that is sent to

are soon to be introduced to the WEEE regulations. From an environmental point of view this is obviously a welcome development but, as with any tightening of targets, there will be challenges to meet. So the sooner we start planning for these the better – and lighting professionals have a key

There are two key changes that will have a particularly

until 14 February 2014 to put the revised (or recast) directive on the Statute Book, and currently the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills intends to meet that deadline.

collection target, which is currently 4kg per inhabitant, will be increased to 45 per cent, calculated as a percentage of the average weight of EEE placed on the market in the three preceding years.

The UK already collects 7.9kg per inhabitant. Calculated using the new method in the recast directive, in 2011 this was equivalent to around 32 per cent, averaged across all sectors. So the 45 per cent target is a material increase.

Also from this date, photovoltaic panels will come on to the radar. Then, from 2018, the scope of the regulations will change to what is known as an ‘open scope’ principle. This means that instead of listing all of the equipment that falls

the equipment that does not. Inevitably this will bring a great deal of equipment into scope that is not currently included – such as switchgear, internally illuminated signs and household luminaires.

From 2019, the minimum collection rate to be achieved annually will be 65 per cent of the average weight of EEE placed on the market in the three preceding years, or 85 per cent of WEEE generated.

To enable the UK government to achieve this massive increase in collection rates, we need to play our part in ensuring that all of our WEEE passes through approved recycling and reuse systems and that it does not magically change into pocketed cash.

One way to address this problem, is for highways authorities to require their contractors and their subcontractors to account for all of the WEEE. Where waste street lighting

the authority with the weights collected from installers’ yards which can be compared with the numbers in the PFI contract, thereby enabling the authority to make a rough check on how much magic has intervened between cup and lip.

It’s not just the disposal of street lighting lanterns that needs scrutiny. Disposal of many other types of equipment will fall within the remit of the local authorities, so we advise them to check suppliers’ compliance status and ensure that they belong to a compliance scheme that has a fully functioning disposal infrastructure. Where authorities have lamps that need disposal, Recolight, the compliance scheme for the lamp industry, offers a free-of-charge collection and recycling

service. Recolight has more than 2000 waste-lamp collection points, many of which are listed on its website.

When equipment is supplied in the form of a system

complete system from a single manufacturer will simplify the recycling responsibility considerably. However, if that’s

all of the system components from members of the same compliance scheme. To avoid compromising the design, it will be easier to choose a compliance scheme that has a wide range of members with the breadth of product offering that will meet all requirements.

procured separately from the lantern. The recast directive has also made it clear that LED lamps are now in scope. Within the UK, this decision was taken in March 2009. This change

to LEDs across Europe, which is welcome.I would be surprised if any authority did not have a

sustainable procurement policy and I would imagine that in keeping with that policy, they would wish to have guarantees

obligation to be members of a WEEE compliance scheme, which also has a fully functioning disposal infrastructure behind it. Furthermore, that they are using contractors that pass all of the WEEE to a compliance scheme for sound environmental disposal.

In the grand scheme of things, 2016 isn’t all that far away so it makes sense to start planning how the new requirements will be addressed in projects. Again, one obvious measure is to ensure that any electrical equipment

Also, when specifying electrical and electronic equipment it is advisable to check the supplier’s terms and conditions very carefully. It is not unheard of for suppliers to try to pass on the responsibility for recycling to the customer, attempting to hide this clause in thousands of words of small print.

types of luminaire to meet different requirements within a building. Thus a typical building might have modular recessed

compact downlights in circulation areas and feature lighting in reception and so on. In such circumstances it may be that no single manufacturer can supply all of the required luminaire

they all belong to the same compliance scheme, then there is only one body to deal with when the lighting is to be disposed of. This keeps things much simpler for the end

responsibility for taking the entire life cycle of the installation

To avoid all of the pitfalls I have mentioned, the answer is simply to require membership of Lumicom (a not-for-

is responsible for the recycling of 100 per cent of all of the luminaires going through approved recycling systems in the UK) and embed it in the sustainable procurement policy.

I mentioned at the beginning of this article that such

environment and therefore all of us that live in it. In the case of the WEEE Directive, it has already ensured that many thousands of tonnes of material have been recycled rather

WEEE Directive will do even more to protect the environment – something that surely nobody can object to.

Simon Cook is business development manager with

compliance scheme Lumicom

www.lumicom.co.uk

www.recolight.co.uk

Legislation 23 22 Legislation

No time to waste

Next year’s revised WEEE regulations will

mean tougher recycling targets. Now is the

time to prepare, says Simon Cook, who

explains what to expect

‘Lighting professionals have a key role to play in ensuring that the regulations deliver maximum environmental bene#ts... It makes sense to start planning now how the new requirements will be addressed in projects’


Bill Bryson, my predecessor as president of the Campaign to Protect Rural England (CPRE),

once said, ‘Glance at the night sky and what you see is history, and lots of it. Our faithful companion the North Star appears not as it is now, but as it was when its light left it some time during the early 14th century.’

If watching the stars is the closest we can get to time travel, then a campaign to raise our sights to what is above us, and to combat the light pollution that increasingly robs us of our celestial views, is all the more vital. And so I am delighted that The Daily Telegraph is supporting Star Count 2013.

For me, dark skies are so important for the inspiration they provide; artists, philosophers, scientists and poets have all found a muse in the night sky for millennia. On a spiritual level, the darkness of the night sky pulls at two

of life and our place in the universe; the shudder we get from feeling very small in the face of something

very big. We look at the night sky and think, ‘I am nothing; I am here for an

The second is the thrill we get from placing ourselves in just enough discomfort to begin to feel the power of nature that the Romantics felt.

in countryside that may be familiar during the day – our imagination

squeaking of bats, plunging us into

private universe. In our risk-averse culture it does us good to remember our place in the natural world – the vulnerability of humanity – and the power of darkness only adds to our sense of what beauty is.

Loss of light forces us to slow down and look closer, creating a more powerful engagement with nature. Wordsworth recognised the pleasures of the moonlit ramble, where ‘at the dead of night’ even the discovery of a hedgehog becomes a ‘small adventure’. So we too must learn to embrace the darkness; the thrill of escaping from cosseting health and safety, discovering

the sounds and smells of the night with heightened senses.

The tranquillity of darkness is perfect for contemplating the ancients who drew so much from the stars. Far more recently, our own great-grandparents would have enjoyed this close relationship with the night sky, perhaps traipsing through crepuscular landscapes to gather corn under a harvest moon.

That rural sense of settledness

by Moonlight already represented a land of lost content by the time he painted

seclusion in the Kent village of Shoreham, Palmer was able to draw closer to his life’s inspiration – sky-scapes of dusk, twilight and pulsing constellations. He found the darkness of Kent a portal to a gentler rural past, where the beauty of the night sky – the

– afforded deeper connections to life, work and other worlds.

Palmer’s rich legacy of rural beauty

was initially kept alive by the etcher FL

the Preservation of Rural England in 1926, Griggs maintained the link from Palmer and the Romantics to the early environmental movement.

Fitting too that CPRE should become the leading defender of our dark skies; our satellite maps of England’s light pollution illustrating the march of industrialisation which has continued, unrelenting, since Palmer’s time. Between 1993 and 2000, CPRE data showed that light pollution increased by 26 per cent, and only 11 per cent of the country had truly dark skies by the turn of the millennium. As lighting has become cheaper and more powerful, it has blazed forth from increasing numbers of roads, car

gardens and driveways.If you still have a good view of

the stars, you are almost certainly in the countryside. But even there it is

skyglow from nearby towns and roads, and the security lighting increasingly

spilling from homes and developments in rural areas. Light pollution is blurring the distinction between town and countryside, like a veil of light spreading out across the night sky.

There is no doubt that, in many places, good lighting is needed. But we’re seeing a general trend

which intends to give the perception of reducing risk, without necessarily making us any safer. Darkness in itself is not dangerous; whether we are walking, cycling or driving in the dark we must adapt, slow down and take

Because of the recession, councils have been reducing street lighting since 2007 in order to save money. In 2010, Leicestershire’s director of environment and transport launched their ‘switch-

other councils which have already switched off lights shows that neither accidents nor crime increase and, in some areas, anti-social behaviour can decrease, as it makes certain areas less attractive to hang around’.

Research last autumn by The

Telegraph showed that all of England’s 27 county councils have dimmed or switched off street lights in their areas. At the same time, the government published statistics on road fatalities in 2011 showing that they were one third lower than the average number of fatalities between 2005 and 2009. The accompanying statistics on contributory factors listed the 76 most common causes of road accidents – an absence of street lighting was not among them. There are arguments that street lighting may even encourage motorists to speed up, while reducing their concentration.

Where crime is concerned, what could be better than a halogen security light to show a thief what is on offer? Turning off suburban street lights in Saffron Walden almost halved crime rates, while numerous studies and

Association of British Insurers from recommending outdoor lighting as a crime deterrent.

And then there is the lighting for pleasure, which causes pain to others:

Sir Andrew Motion, now president of the CPRE, recently launched the Star Count 2013 campaign with the following article in The Telegraph

24 Discussion

‘We’re seeing a general trend of excessive lighting and signage which intends to give the perception of reducing risk, without necessarily making us any safer’

Discussion 25

Brighton: Darren Baskill, Campaign for Dark SkiesCity Lights: International Dark-Sky association



26 Discussion

view of the stars from Stonehenge and the New Forest National Park, while churches and other historic buildings continue to be wastefully

waste of money and energy at a time when both are in short supply, never mind the unintended consequences for the feeding, breeding and migration of wildlife, as well as intrusive lighting into nearby homes.

The really encouraging news is that darker skies are within our reach; improving technology means it is increasingly easy to ensure that light is directed only where and when it is needed, and at the optimum intensity. And that, combined with the growing awareness of thousands of new stargazers who will refuse to accept bad lighting, means the conditions are perfect for halting the spread of light pollution.

aim for darkness levels that will give all children a better chance to see the Milky Way, a sight our grandparents took for granted.

There were encouraging signs in last year’s Star Count, which showed that

severe light pollution had fallen to 53 per cent, down from 54 per cent in 2007’s survey. A note of caution came from Bob Mizon of the Campaign for Dark Skies – our Star Count partner – who reminded us that ‘only one per cent consistently saw enough stars to suggest they had a truly dark sky’. But we need more people to join in to make

As well as producing a Star Count map showing the impact of light pollution around the country, the data will help our campaigners work with

the government and local councils to improve national policies and implement practical schemes to reduce it. Around the country, CPRE’s county branches have already been working with local councils and businesses to introduce

lights. It seems the only thing that could halt this admirable progress is the reckless weakening of the planning system, which could allow more urban sprawl and new development in open countryside. Where buildings and roads go, light follows.

Our Star Count project will help pinpoint the areas that need to do more to reduce light pollution. And this isn’t just about pressuring decision-makers, it is about changing our own attitudes towards wastefulness and ‘health and safety’. We all need to switch more lights off (or use less powerful ones) and we all need to question pointless lighting.

Apart from monitoring negative effects, we hope that Star Count 2013

will identify the best places to stargaze, following the recent designation of

Dark Sky Reserve.

that we hope will build on the growing popularity of stargazing, and have a real

accessible to everyone. Because rural skies are darker than most, amateur astronomy is the perfect way to help people forge a stronger connection with their countryside – and I’m particularly keen that young people take up that opportunity.

It is vital that young people adapt to technology; it will undeniably be a part of their future. I’m not suggesting that

bad. But I’m hoping that torches and telescopes will become the gifts most requested by children who feel willing

in the Weekend Telegraph,

2 February. Star Count 2013 is

organised in partnership with the

British Astronomical Association’s

Campaign for Dark Skies. For more

information go to cpre.org.uk

Join the debate: we plan to publish responses to Sir Andrew Motion’s views in a future issue. Please email the editor at [email protected]

‘Darkness in itself is not dangerous; whether we are walking, cycling or driving in the dark we must adapt, slow down and take extra precautions’

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How does the technology work?MHA is the only lighting manufacturer to use waveguide technology to shine light sideways into an encapsulation – not directly outwards. This avoids direct contact with the eye and provides a safe and e!cient light output.

The patented waveguide technology o!ers distinct advantages over other LED manufacturers as it allows the company to replicate the light quality and uniformity of traditional lighting.

MHA also use acrylic rods to amplify and control the light output, reducing the number of LEDs required. This means they can use high power LEDs, draw less current and have no need to di"use the output.

Award-winning lighting company is leading the way when it comes to slashing energy usage and lowering carbon emissions. MHA Lighting, based in Greater Manchester, uses two-thirds of the energy of its closest competitors and has developed bespoke light !ttings for a variety of clients from both public and private sectors. Most recently, MHA Lighting provided a powerful solution to replace lights at Bournemouth Airport car parks, with their energy e!cient P 30 fitting, which is just 67 watts inclusive of ballast. MHA’s installation provides a useful lifetime of 18 years and is able to significantly reduce the airport’s lighting energy consumption from 164,776kWh to just 46,137kWh, ensuring they keep their carbon neutral ground operation status. The new light fittings now installed in two of Bournemouth Airport’s car parks use 72% less energy than the pre-existing system. With the use of intelligent controls the P30 fittings will save the airport an additional 25% on their energy bills by reducing operating hours to nine from twelve. The newly installed P30 fittings run maintenance free for the duration of their 60,000-hour lifetime, providing additional savings of over £1,000 per annum, as no operational maintenance costs will be incurred.

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A Tron-inspired illuminated staircase forms the centrepiece of the full-

development in Park Royal, London’s largest industrial and business park, north-west of the city.

Cundall Light4 was asked by John Robertson Architects to create a feature

centre of the building’s atrium, using graphic lines of light to create a ‘Tron effect’ (as in the 1982 Disney science

specialist KKDC to devise a way of lining the edges of the stair stringers with linear LED lighting strips, with the brief that

continuous and homogeneous.Achieving this involved a series

of challenges. First the LED strip had

channel in the staircase. This runs on the underside of the staircase on both

occasional variations. This meant that the homogeneity had to be achieved with very little height for the light to spread.Colour consistency also had to be spot on, within a 2-step Macadam Ellipse.

A further element of the brief was that the product had to have short enough increments to avoid visible shadowing on corners and where there was a change

enough to work with the angle changes.In addition, the strip had to run a

long enough distance from a single feed without causing voltage drop which

would lead to a fall-off in light output. On a logistical level, cables had to be completely hidden from view, and the contractors had to cut and mitre the

would be visible.The eventual solution involved 150m

CRI True Colour LED sources. This is mounted within a bespoke aluminium

Design detail 29


Step in the light

directioneffect transforms

a steel staircase

Client: WainbridgeLighting design: Cundall Light4Architect: John Robertson ArchitectsM&E: CundallSuppliers:Staircase detail: KKDCReception desk bespoke pendant: Optelma UKLift lobby: Zumtobel (Slotlight II)Table lamps: FlosUplights: iGuzziniFacade: ACDC Lighting

Heritage lighting 31


Tof the new lighting scheme for Durham cathedral concludes the

three-year project to upgrade the lighting for both this landmark and the adjacent castle, which together form a World Heritage Site (see Lighting Journal June 2012 for details of the castle scheme).

The schemes, designed by Stainton Lighting Design Services, were originally selected from seven submissions for a competition held by Durham County Council, Durham University, Durham Cathedral and the ILP, and

launched in Lighting Journal in 2009. Judging criteria included quality of design, cost, maintenance implications, energy consumption, practicality and ease of installation.

Durham County Council funded and managed the £600,000 project to replace the previous discharge lighting, which had been in place since the 1970s. AK Lighting and Signs installed the upgraded schemes.

were used for both the cathedral and

installed for the cathedral scheme.

Reductions in energy consumption

cent to 80 per cent. Fittings have been discreetly located and light spill minimised. A key ecological consideration was not to disrupt the feeding habits of a local colony of bats.

While warm white (3000K) sources were used on the castle, the cathedral scheme has predominantly neutral white (4000K) sources, with 3500K on the buttresses. This was to ensure a link

between the castle and cathedral, with only a subtle change

to differentiate between the two buildings. ‘We

concluded that the old contrast was

too great and wanted a subtle variation with

careful selection of colour temperature so that the two buildings could be

night sky,’ says Steven Edwards of Stainton Lighting Design Services.

both hard wired and wireless. Wireless was used where possible in order to minimise the impact of the control system infrastructure on the fabric of the building. New cable runs follow the

the building stonework. Care had to be taken generally

an archaeological overview at all times to ensure minimal disturbance to the cathedral grounds.

‘The great thing about the new lighting scheme is that it picks out the architectural detailing of these two

Brown, chair of the Durham World Heritage Site Committee.

Durham County Council for providing

to make this project possible, to the companies involved for designing and implementing such a sensitive scheme, and to the Institution of Lighting Professionals who held the initial design competition.’

Last month saw the culmination of a three-year project to upgrade Durham’s heritage landmarks. Jill Entwistle reports

Altared state

‘We wanted a subtle variation with careful selection of colour temperature so that the two buildings could be clearly identi#ed’

Did you know, that if you take a place in the

Consultants Directory(see page 45) the listing is included on the main ILP

website with your company logo

call Julie on 01536 527295

email: [email protected]


Future concept 35


There is no doubt that street lights have become more multi-functional over the years, supporting illumination for pedestrians as well as roads, signage,

even the possibility of them becoming charging points for electric cars.

But acting as a supporting structure for housing for the homeless is a bit

Utopia, is the brainchild, if that’s the right word, of Milo Ayden De Luca, who began working on the idea after completing his architecture degree at the University of Greenwich.

Triggered by his increasing awareness of the plight of the homeless when travelling into central London in the early hours, De Luca came up with the idea of creating tensile structures around street lights using cheap, basic materials such as poly-laminated nylon

through this skin, subdividing the space into smaller areas.

The temporary dwellings are designed to be as lightweight as possible so that they can be easily

while vertical spaces would be for activities such as busking.

The inspiration for the design comes from the construction of sailing ships, particularly the sails, pulleys and ropes, for their ‘transparency, weightlessness and movement’.

The idea begs quite a number of questions, one of which is, won’t the street light fall over? After all, columns are purposely not very deeply

damage to cars and drivers in the event

of collisions. This is where the ship analogy comes in, as the structures are tethered to surrounding buildings and other street furniture using guy ropes, cables and clamps.

Another issue is, won’t the lights keep the temporary residents awake at night and possibly interfere with their biorhythms? However De Luca has thought of that.

‘The form of these spaces is arranged within the geometric parameters to address factors such as intruding light,’ he told LJ. ‘The space for sitting is arranged to be offset and below the source of light, with the user facing away from it to reduce the need

‘In combination with this,’ he adds, ‘the poly-laminated nylon skin – which

to divide the spaces, but strategically to provide adequate screening, diffusing the harshness of the light, while still allowing enough through the layers of skin to enable the user to perform the activities he or she requires within the alloted space.’

De Luca is currently hoping to raise funds to build a 1:1 scale prototype of the design.

www.miloaydendeluca.com

Post modernismA young architect with a radical new use for the street light

‘$e form of these spaces is arranged within the geometric parameters to address factors such as intruding light’

Pro!le 37


Review 39

Flashesofbrilliance


The arrival in London of an international group show of some 22 lighting artists is

very welcome. In the UK, at least, recognition of lighting artists by mainstream art institutions has been begrudging, despite the fact that works using light as their primary medium now bring visual interest and wonder to many a private and public space. However, one grouse one might reasonably have with Hayward curator Dr Cliff Lauson is that while some half-dozen UK artists are present, better known Brits such as Ron Haselden and Martin Richman didn’t make the cut.

The last show in this mould at the

retrospective seven years ago (Lighting Journal March/April 2006), and this show too features a couple of his works, rather gesturally tucked away

Another US big hitter featured is James Turrell, who occupies one of several large, dark rooms with the 40-year-old Wedgework V in which the angled boundary wall’s low-intensity dark red wash recedes from the viewer,

It’s certainly a slow burner (visitors are recommended to stay 15 minutes, which will certainly limit the throughput).

weird chromatic shifts and moving black shapes against the red – pure tricks of the eye – but it’s hard won, minimal wonder and not the great

Turrell’s work does point up one of the weaknesses of this show: its reliance on closed, fragmented spaces, some of which hardly deserve the

Paterson’s single Light Bulb to Simulate Moonlight (2009) – a nice, one-shot idea, but far brighter than moonlight, surely, and why have it suspended at knee height rather than high up where

Another waste of the space for me is Rose (2007) by Ann Veronica

one wall adorned with a ring of orange-red spotlights. Presumably it is trying to play with chromatic aberration but it didn’t do it for me.

One work which does creatively mine our perceptual confusion, and which is one of the hits of the show, is Chromosaturation (originally 1965) by veteran Venezuelan Carlos Cruz-Diez, who hits 90 this year. His space is divided into a trio of rooms, with a transitional space across their open

ends. Each sub-space is brightly lit with a different colour, provided by banks of red, blue and green

The work plays intriguing havoc with your vision, as you enter the spaces in turn or stand at the threshold and glance at all three. Due to saturation effects, your colour perception shifts constantly, so the red becomes pink or purple, the blue

pulsates in intensity and the green walls become almost white. Look again and everything has changed.

of art, it is fascinating for anyone interested in colour and the slippery way we perceive it.

Two other successful works given their own rooms are Conrad Shawcross’s Slow Arc inside a Cube IV (2009) and Olafur Oliasson’s Model for a Timeless Garden (2011). In the former, a high-intensity capsule light on a mechanical arm moves around inside a

intense cube-like shadows slide across the ceiling and walls – an effect with

piece by Mona Hatoum, seen at the Tate a few years ago, where shadows from a light bulb swinging between wire cages evoked the prison-like status of her native Palestine.

Oliasson’s piece, by contrast, is

watch for more than a minute or two, due to its powerful pulsing strobe, which appears to freeze a linear grouping of eccentrically shaped water fountains mounted at eye level into a series of ice forms.

Jim Campbell’s delicate, innovative

Carl Gardner is dazzled by a handful of works at the

Hayward Gallery’s Light Show exhibition, but tires

of too many creatively empty rooms

Cylinder by Leo Villareal (foreground) and David Batchelor’s Magic Hour

Jim Campbell’s Exploded View: Commuters

‘Some are banal, such as Cal Floyer’s white splash gobo-projected on to the "oor – haven’t we seen the like on pavements outside many a retail store?’

Chromosaturation by Carlos Cruz-Diez


2011), comprises a suspended rack of more than 1000 low-intensity LED globes on thin cables. Viewed from an angle, these seem to darken and lighten randomly, but from directly in front, the dark LEDs mark out the passage of shadowy people rushing by, as if at a station. The effect is a subtle, intriguing

created with the latest of technologies.The rest is a miscellany: some

You and I, Horizontal (2005) whose solid laser-like projected beams of light can be dramatically broken by hand or head; some banal, such as Cal Floyer’s white splash gobo-projected

on pavements outside many a retail store?); while others verge on corporate kitsch, notably Leo Villareal’s huge polished stainless steel construction near the entrance, with its randomly

LEDs. Heading straight for an HSBC atrium – or worse still, Las Vegas?

And one piece is simply badly displayed – judging from the catalogue, Brigitte Kowanz’s Light Steps,

be viewed from the front, so you are looking ‘up’ the steps. Here you arrive

Slow Arc Inside a Cube IV by Conrad Shawcross

Brigitte Kowanz’s Light Steps

Light Show continues at the

Hayward Gallery, Southbank

Centre, London, until 28 April

from behind, which rather undermines the visual allusion/illusion.

However, despite these weaknesses, I would still encourage all lighters with an ounce of creativity and curiosity to visit this show, if only to witness the huge range of light artwork that has emerged recently (particularly with the advent of new lighting technologies), and to pay homage to lighting art’s important historic legacy. And who knows, you might even gain

‘Dark LEDs mark out the passage of shadowy people – subtle, intriguing’

www.theilp.org.uk/summit

The Professional Lighting Summit will include two full days of topical, relevant presentations from experts in all fields of lighting, combined with a comprehensive programme of interactive workshops. An exhibition will feature organisations offering a vast array of lighting products and services, and the ILP Celebration Dinner on 11 September will be the networking occasion of the year. The ILP Professional Development Zone will provide information and advice on developing your membership and career.

Destination Glasgow • Join us in Glasgow, The Friendly City • “World’s number one tourist destination

2013” (CNN) • Easily accessible by train, plane and road

(Trip Advisor) • Celebrating the Year of Natural Scotland • Book your travel in advance for low cost fares

Ticket prices represent exceptional value with day tickets available to ILP members at just £120 per day (non member £210).

Better still, don’t miss a minute of this event by snapping up a Special Residential Ticket: two days at the Professional Lighting Summit, overnight stay at the Thistle hotel & networking dinner for only £380 (non member £665). spaces are on a first come, first served basis. All prices + VAT.

Want to stay the night before? We’ll help you to arrange this – details coming soon. Queries? Please contact the ILP Operations Manager on [email protected]

Did You know? ILP Members save over 40% on this event You can become a member today – Rates start at just £160 per year. Visit www.theilp.org.uk to discover all the benefits of Ilp membership and join us instantly online!

The event includes presentations, workshops, networking and an exhibition

The must attend event for any lighting professionalGather with your peers to develop your knowledge, education and skills to meet necessary competencies, and to discuss the latest standards, regulations and challenges in lighting.

11 & 12 September 2013, Thistle Hotel, Glasgow

Find full details at:

Light ProjectsT5 Cove-LinkPart of the Green Line Products range, Cove-Link is a safety Class II IP20 modular lighting system that features a patent plug-in system enabling long continuous runs for ceilings,

It comes in various lengths, from 578mm through to 1478mm, and in wattages from 18W to 54W. The ballast has been designed to ensure a lamp life of up to 80,000 hours, according to Light Projects. Colour rendering is Ra82-plus with Ra90-

year guarantee and is supplied with non-dim or three-phase dimmable options. It is also available with analogue, wireless, DALI, DMX and inline dimming.www.lightprojects.co.uk

What’s new

ScotiaSun Mast StandAloneScotia has introduced a battery version of Sun Mast, its solar photovoltaic street pole. As with the standard version, the mono-crystalline solar cells are integrated vertically into the pole, rather than mounted on horizontal solar panels on top. This optimises solar power energy even under weak light or bad weather conditions, as well as providing a cleaner design. The pole comes with 24V Li-on, Ni-MH, NiCad, lead-acid and lead-crystal batteries and in 200W or 300W charge versions (input power). According to Scotia, the StandAlone version offers two to 10 nights of bad weather autonomy, depending on general local solar energy yields, wattage of luminaire used – poles can

usage of dimming and motion sensors. Features include

(MPPT), to optimise available solar energy.www.scotialight.com

MackwellN-light BASEA Dali-automated emergency lighting test and monitoring system, N-light BASE enables all function and duration tests to be performed and recorded in accordance with EN standard 62034. Compatible with all the company’s emergency components and self-contained emergency luminaires, the system uses an intuitive touch panel. Mackwell offers a commissioning service to ensure the systems are set up correctly and a range of service contracts are available to check the schemes remain compliant.www.mackwell.com

Pro-Lite Technology SL-3101 photometerThe portable SL-3101 measures both photopic and scotopic illuminance and also automatically computes the S/P ratio of the light source under test. It uses two sensor heads connected to a single meter to provide a more meaningful measure of the effective illuminance of light sources under low light level conditions. The measurement of S/P ratio is called for in the latest BS 5489-1: 2012 on road lighting and in the ILP’s PLG03 (2012). The meter also evaluates illuminance and perceived brightness.www.pro-lite.co.uk

42 Products Products 43


WoodhouseCodaThe Coda luminaire features what the company

the surrounding air. This enables a sleeker anodised

can trap debris. According to independent tests commissioned by Woodhouse, the heatsink will

can be adjusted according to design requirements,

This delivers average potential energy savings of up to 45 per cent compared to Woodhouse’s metal halide equivalent with similar output characteristics. Prices will be comparable to discharge

columns and incorporating within new schemes, the luminaire is part of the new contemporary-style Coda range, which comprises coordinated lighting, signage and furniture.www.woodhouse.co.uk

VodeSuspended linear LED

walls or accent lighting. Vode uses its own constant-current LED boards, combined with the latest generation

70-degree direct and 150-degree indirect distribution, and is available up to 2.4m. Vode products are available in the UK through Alliance Lighting.www.alliancelighting.co.uk

Professionals (ILP) who offer consultancy services.

Listing is included on main ILP website with logo (www.theilp.org.uk)

Senior Engineer

Pick EverardMechanical and Electrical Engineers, Halford House, Charles Street Leicester LE1 1HAT: 01162 234400, F: 01162 234433E: [email protected] multi-disciplinary consulting engineers providing extensive experience in the design, specification and project management of sustainable building services engineering including specialist skills in internal and external lighting design within the architectural, commercial, industrial and residential sectors.

Lorraine CalcottIEng MILP MSLL

It Does Lighting and Energy Ltd31 Jenkins Close, Shenley Church End, Milton Keynes, MK5 6HXT: 01908 867077 M: 07990 962692 E: [email protected]: www.itdoes.co.ukProfessional award winning international lighting designer Lorraine Calcott creates dynamic original lighting schemes from a sustainable and energy management perspective. Helping you meet your energy targets, reduce bottom line cost and increase your ‘Green’ corporate image whilst still providing the wow factor with your interior, exterior or street lighting project.

EngTech AMILP

MMA Lighting Consultancy Ltd43 Vine Crescent, ReadingBerkshire, RG30 3LTT: 0118 3215636, M: 07838 879 604, F: 0118 3215636E: [email protected]: www.mma-consultancy.co.ukMMA Lighting Consultancy is an independent company specialising in Exterior Lighting and Electrical Design work.We are based in the South of England and operate on a national scale delivering street lighting and lighting design solutions.

MA BEng(Hons) CEng MIET MILP 4way Consulting LtdWaters Green House, Sunderland Street, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 6LFT: 01625 348349 F: 01625 610923 M: 07526 419248E: [email protected]: www.4wayconsulting.com4way Consulting provides exterior lighting and ITS consultancy and design services and specialises in the urban and inter-urban environment. Our services span the complete Project Life Cycle for both the Public and Private Sector (including PFI/DBFO).

IEng MILP

AssociateWSPUnit 9, The Chase, John Tate Road, Foxholes Business Park, Hertford SG13 7NNT: 07825 843524E: [email protected]: www.wspgroup.comProfessional services providing design and technical support for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways and associated infrastructure. Expert surveys and environmental impact assessments regarding the effect of lighting installations and their effect on the community.

Carl GardnerBA (Hons) MSc (Arch) FILP

CSG Lighting Consultancy Ltd12, Banner Buildings,74-84 Banner Street, London EC1Y 8JUT: 02077 248543E: [email protected]: www.csglightingdesign.comArchitectural and urban lighting design; specialist in urban lighting plans; expert witness in planning and light nuisance cases; training courses for local authorities on the prevention of light nuisance; marketing and product development consultancy for lighting manufacturers.

AMILP

Principal Engineer WSP WSPThe Victoria,150-182 The Quays, Salford, Manchester M50 3SPT: 0161 886 2532 E: [email protected]: www.wspgroup.comPublic and private sector professional services providing design, technical support, contract and policy development for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways. PFI technical advisor and certifier support. HERS registered site personnel.

BTech, IEng, MILP, MIET

Technical Director MouchelSevern House, Lime Kiln Close, Stoke Gifford, Bristol, BS34 8SQT: 0117 9062300, F: 0117 9062301M: 07789 501091E: [email protected]: www.mouchel.comWidely experienced professional technical consultancy services in exterior lighting and electrical installations, providing sustainable and innovative solutions, environmental assessments, ‘Invest to Save’ strategies, lighting policies, energy procurement, inventory management and technical support. PFI Technical Advisor, Designer and Independent Certifier.

BEng(Hons) CEng FILP

Technical Director (Lighting)WSPWSP House, 70 Chancery Lane, London WC2A 1AFT: 07827 306483E: [email protected]: www.wspgroup.comProfessional exterior lighting and electrical services covering design, technical support, contract and policy development including expert advice regarding energy and carbon reduction strategies, lighting efficiency legislation, light nuisance and environmental impact investigations. Registered competent designers and HERS registered site personnel.

IEng MILP

Sector Leader – Exterior LightingAtkinsBroadgate House, Broadgate,Beeston, Nottingham, NG9 2HFT: +44 (0)115 9574900 M: 07834 507070F: +44 (0)115 9574901 E: [email protected] consultancy offers a professional exterior lighting service covering all aspects of the sector, including design, energy management, environmental impact assessments and the development of lighting strategies and policies. It also has an extensive track record for PFI projects and their indepedent certification.

Malcolm MacknessBA (Hons) IEng FILP

Lighting Consultancy and Design Services Ltd43 Old Cheltenham Road, Longlevens, Gloucester GL2 0ANT/F: 01452 417392E: [email protected]: www.lcads.comRoad, amenity, floodlighting and cable design. Tunnel and mast lighting. Policy and environmental impact investigations.

BSc (Hons) CEng MILP MSLL

Capita SymondsCapita Symonds House, Wood Street, East Grinstead, West Sussex RH19 1UUT: 01342 327161F: 01342 315927E: [email protected]: www.capitasymonds.co.ukChartered engineer leading a specialist lighting team within a multi-disciplinary environment. All aspects of exterior and public realm lighting, especially roads, tunnels, amenity and sports. Planning advice, environmental assessment, expert witness, design, technical advice, PFIs, independent certification.

Alistair ScottBSc (Hons) CEng FILP MIMechE

Designs for Lighting Ltd17 City Business Centre, Hyde Street, Winchester SO23 7TAT: 01962 855080 M: 07790 022414 E: [email protected]: designsforlighting.co.ukProfessional lighting design consultancy providing technical advice, design and management services for exterior and interior applications including highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting. Advisors on lighting and energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

IEng MILP

DirectorStainton Lighting Design Services LtdLighting & Electrical Consultants, Dukes Way, Teesside Industrial Estate, Thornaby Cleveland TS17 9LTT: 01642 766114 F: 01642 765509E: [email protected] in all forms of exterior lighting including; Motorway, Major & Minor Highway Schemes, Architectural Illumination of Buildings, Major Structures, Public Artworks, Amenity Area Lighting, Public Open Spaces, Car Parks, Sports Lighting, Asset Management, Reports, Plans, Strategies, EIA’s, Planning Assistance, Maintenance Management, Electrical Design and Communication Network Design.

IEng MILP

Nick Smith Associates Limited36 Foxbrook Drive, Chesterfield, S40 3JRT: 01246 229444 F: 01246 270465E: [email protected]: www.nicksmithassociates.comSpecialist exterior lighting design Consultant. Private or adoptable lighting and cable network design for highways, car parks, area lighting, lighting impact assessments, expert witness. CPD accredited training in lighting design, Lighting Reality, AutoCAD and other bespoke lighting courses arranged on request.

Alan TullaIEng FILP FSLL

Alan Tulla Lighting

12 Minden Way, Winchester, Hampshire SO22 4DST: 01962 855720 M:0771 364 8786 E: [email protected] W: www.alantullalighting.comArchitectural lighting for both interior and exterior. Specialising in public realm, landscaping and building facades. Site surveys and design verification of sports pitches, road lighting and offices. Visual impact assessments and reports for planning applications. Preparation of nightscape strategies for urban and rural environments. CPDs and lighting training.

Consultants

Neither Lighting Journal nor the ILP is responsible for any services supplied or agreements entered into as a result of this listing.

TAssociation of Public Lighting Engineers (APLE) was held in

possibilities, but this meeting turned out to be far more ambitious. The association’s president, JF Colquhoun,

manufacturers to install their equipment on the city’s streets in order to verify the newly published standard on street lighting (BS 307:1927).

The brief was simple: ‘Enable the possibilities and limitations of the

understood.’ He had no idea that they would all be collectively opening a very large can of worms.

The manufacturers were quick to accept, mindful of the free marketing they’d gain. Not only would their latest designs be shown to adhere to the

be shown off to interested lighting engineers from all over the country. Colquhoun, and the association’s secretary, Captain WJ Liberty, were soon busily organising 50 installations

streets. The whole gamut was to be represented, distributed across different classes of roads from dual-carriageways to small tracks, all using the latest gas and electric technologies.

Colquhoun was joined by staff

from GEC and the NPL, who helped to ensure that every installation’s geometry was checked and light distribution correctly photometered. But many

laboratory equipped to do the job and it was too laborious using the graphical

In the end, only the worst offenders were measured and Colquhoun was surprised to discover that all the objectionable installations passed the

The conference opened on 9 July.

engineers, manufacturers and research scientists were CC Paterson (who

members of the subcommittee and representatives from the British Engineering Standards Association itself. Opening the conference, Colquhoun had to devote his opening address, not to the potential success of the trial installations, but to the many problems and inconsistencies he’d discovered.

Along with the general issue of

performance of the installations which should have been constant and uniform. It was odd that Colquhoun chose to emphasise these defects because delegates were going to inspect the installations themselves. But perhaps he drew these inconsistencies to their notice, hoping that someone in the learned audience could pick up on a mistake or propose a solution.

The delegates were ferried from street to street by motor bus where they were met by Dr JWT Walsh and WS Stiles (of the NPL) who had compiled a small questionnaire and series of tests (using special contrast-discs) to evaluate glare. Progress around the 50 streets was slow, with members keen to take photometric readings and judge the effectiveness of the lighting themselves. Most didn’t make it back to their hotels until the small hours of the morning.

The bleary-eyed discussions

would have been damning. The glare calculations didn’t appear to work at all as all the installations passed the

installations were so poor that they shouldn’t have been allowed within its parameters; while some gave the same readings of minimum illumination, some

were noticeably better than others; and some gave intolerable glare but became acceptable, even good, when the wattage of the lamps was decreased.

Was it the distribution of light? Was it the gradient of the road? Was it the road

brightness was being openly discussed and even the phrase ‘silhouette effect’ appeared in Colquhoun’s address. The association put on a brave face with Colquhoun unconvincingly summarising that minimum illumination was a useful empirical measure if nothing else – or he was aware that most of the architects

and that something should be salvaged.But it must have been apparent

a set of illumination readings taken at test points, was not enough to ensure a good street lighting installation. BS 307: 1927 would limp on, despite a

half-hearted revision in 1931, but it was certain there was something missing and a new approach was needed.

Yet despite these problems the

deemed a success and it had clearly

while it showed that the current approach was lacking, it provided enough raw data on glare for WS Stiles to write his groundbreaking paper on the subject (where he made the distinction between discomfort and disability glare), and a young lighting engineer named Jack Waldram delivered a paper which outlined a possible new solution to this street lighting problem.

44 Light on the Past: 8

The Experiment


$e GEC subsequently used the exhibition to promote its Wembley lanterns

JF Colquhoun, president of the APLE in 1928 and public lighting engineer for She%eld

Simon Cornwell on an ambitious idea that opened a large can of worms

ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING

BANNERSWIND RELEASING

CUT OUTS AND ISOLATORS

Designers and manufacturers of street and amenity lighting.

319 Long Acre Nechells Birmingham UK B7 5JT t: +44(0)121 678 6700 f: +44(0)121 678 6701 e: [email protected]

c a n d e l a

L I G H T

ABACUS LIGHTING LIMITEDFrom the initial design through

commissioning, choose Abacus

number one for amenity, road

Tel: +44(0)1623 511 111Fax: +44(0)1623 552 133E-mail: [email protected]: www.abacuslighting.com

CU PHOSCO LIMITEDManufacturers of Lighting Columns, Floodlighting & Luminaires. Specialists in the design of Lighting Schemes for sports, car parks, docks & airports. Standard Lighting Columns and Lanterns available from stock at competitive prices.Charles House, Great Amwell, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 9TATel: 01920 860600 Fax: 01920 485915E-mail: [email protected]: www.cuphosco.co.uk

METER ADMINISTRATION

DECORATIVE & FESTIVE LIGHTING

Northumberland, NE20 9SD, EnglandTel: +44 (0)1661 860001Fax: +44 (0)1661 860002Email: [email protected] and Suppliers

Equipment• Fuse Units• Switch Fuse Units

• The Load Conditioner Unit

• AccessoriesContact: Kevin Doherty Commercial [email protected] you would like to switch to Tofco Technology contact us NOW!

LIGHT MEASURING EQUIPMENT

HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS LTD

Suppliers of a wide range of quality light measuring and photometric equipment.

HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS LTDPO Box 210Havant, PO9 9BTTel: 07900 571022E-mail: [email protected]

LIGHTING MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE

Engineers use HiLight Horizon to record all their inventory details. Job management, including planned maintenance, is easily accomplished while electrical testing, cost management and customer care links are all available. Horizon works with all major mapping systems also hand held devices for night scouting, inventory and job management. A

to create any report they need.HiLight is unique in being owned and developed by its users. Contact the HiLight User Group’s Administrator, Lance Stephens, at:Sunningdale House,

Tel: 01270 820994.Email: [email protected] www.hilight.org.uk

LIGHTING

ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

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LIGHTING DIRECTORY

Contact Julie Bland01536 527295to advertise

Contact Julie Bland01536 [email protected] LIGHTING

Lucy Zodion manufactures

and supplies a complete

range of Electrical/

Electronic products for

Streetlighting:

• Vizion CMS

• Feeder Pillars

• Pre-Wired Pillars

• Photocells

• Cutouts/Isolators

• Electronic Ballasts

• Cutouts/isolators

• Lighting Controls

Lucy Zodion Ltd, Station Road, Sowerby Bridge, HX6 3AF tel: 01422 317337 Email: [email protected]

www.lucyzodion.com

LIGHTING CONTROLS

Contact Julie Bland01536 [email protected]


EXTERIOR LIGHTING

LUCY LIGHTINGLucy Zodion manufactures and supplies a complete range of Electrical/Electronic products for Streetlighting:

• Vizion CMS• Feeder Pillars• Pre-Wired Pillars• Photocells• Cutouts/Isolators• Electronic Ballasts• Cutouts/isolators• Lighting Controls

Lucy Zodion Ltd, Station Road, Sowerby Bridge, HX6 3AF tel: 01422 317337 Email: [email protected]

www.lucyzodion.com

Specialist in high quality decorative and festive lighting.A full range of equipment is available for direct purchase or

lights, column motifs, cross road displays, festoon lighting and various tree lighting systems.Our services range from supply only of materials, hire, design and or total management of schemes.More information is available from:

City Illuminations Ltd15 Whitehall Road Sale, Cheshire M33 3WJTel: 0161 969 5767 Fax: 0161 973 9283Email: [email protected]


COLUMN INSPECTION & TESTING

CMT (Testing) LIMITED

root, base, swaged joint and full visual inspection of steel lighting columns. Techniques employed include the unique Relative Loss of Section meter and Swaged Joint Analyser in addition to the traditional

and Ultra Sonics where appropriate.Prime Parkway, Prime Enterprise Park, Derby DE13QBTel: 01332 383333 Fax: 01332 602607Email: testing@cmt-ltd.co.ukWebsite: http://www.cmt-ltd.co.uk

SHATTER RESISTANT LAMP COVERS

Holscot Fluoroplastics LtdFluorosafe shatter resistant covers – Manufactured from high molecular weight Fluoroplastic material whose

quoted lifespans for any

Holscot supply complete covered lamps or sleeves only

Alma Park Road, Alma Park Industrial Estate, Grantham, Lincs, NG31 9SEContact: Martin Daff, Sales DirectorTel: 01476 574771 Fax: 01476 563542Email: [email protected]

MACLEAN ELECTRICAL LIGHTING DIVISION

Business info: Specialist Stockist and Distributors of Road Lighting, Hazardous Area, Industrial/ Commercial/ Decorative lighting.

distribution panels, interior and

CAD.

7 Drum Mains Park, Orchardton,Cumbernauld, G68 9LD

Tel: 01236 458000Fax: 01236 860555

E-mail: [email protected] site: http://www.maclean.co.uk/

TRAINING SERVICES

CPD Accredited Training

Nick Smith Associates Ltd

Diary 2013

14 MarchNorth Eastern regionTechnical meetingVenue: Valmont factory, TeessideContact: Jim MillingtonE: [email protected]

21 MarchLighting MasterclassBeyond the CodeLocation: Dynamic Earth, Edinburgh EH8 8ASwww.sll.org.uk 26 MarchNew British Standard for Lighting BS5489(CPD seminar)Venue: ILP, Regent House, Rugby Contact: [email protected]

27 MarchLighting Design AwardsVenue: London Hilton, Park Lanewww.lightingawards.com

27 MarchFundamental Lighting CourseVenue: ILP, Regent House, RugbyE [email protected]

2 April London and South East RegionTechnical seminarVenue: Institution of Structural Engineers, London SW1E [email protected]

9-14 April EuroluceVenue: Milan Fairgroundswww.cosmit.it/en/euroluce

12 AprilFocus on Lighting EnergySLL/CIBSE Ireland International Lighting ConferenceVenue: Croke Park, Dublinwww.cibseireland.org/cibse-annual-conference/

16-18 April

Venue: NEC Birmingham

23-25 April

Venue: Pennsylvania Convention Center, Philadelphia, USwww.lightfair.com

25 AprilLighting MasterclassBeyond the Code

www.sll.org.uk

Until 28 AprilLight Show (Light art works)Venue: Hayward Gallery, Southbank, Londonhttp://ticketing.southbankcentre.co.uk

30 AprilNew British Standard for Lighting BS5489(CPD seminar)Venue: ILP, Regent House, Rugby Contact: [email protected]

17 May North Eastern region12th annual dinner danceVenue: Ramside Hall Hotel, DurhamContact: Jim MillingtonE: [email protected]

19-21 MayThe Arc Show

www.thearcshow.com

23 MayLIA Annual Lunch and AGMVenue: Draper’s Hall, London EC2www.thelia.org.uk

4 June

E: [email protected]

13 JuneNew British Standard for Lighting BS5489(CPD seminar)Venue: ILP, Regent House, Rugby Contact: [email protected]

24-25 JuneEuroled

Venue: ICC, Birminghamwww.euroled.org.uk

26 JuneCharles Marques Memorial LectureVenue: Royal InstitutionContact: [email protected]

11-12 SeptemberILP Professional Lighting Summit 2013Venue: Thistle Hotel, GlasgowContact: [email protected]

24-26 September

Location: Bregenz, Austriawww.led-professional-symposium.com

Full details of all regional events can be found at: www.theilp.org.uk/events/

27 March: Lighting Design Awards London Hilton, Park Lane

International Lighting

Conference

April 12th 2013

Croke ParkConference Centre

Dublin

The Society of Light & Lighting (SLL) and the Chartered

Institution of Building Services Engineers, IrelandRegion

(CIBSE) will present an international conference on

lighting in the Spring of 2013.

A panel of world-renowned lighting experts from

the UK, Ireland and further afield – is currently being

assembled. They will cover everything from legislation

through to codes of practice, quality, new product

developments and LED technology. The common

thread throughout will be energy usage and energy

efficiency in relation to lighting.

FOCUSING on ENERGY,

STANDARDS and QUALITY

Sponsor Partnerships Become a delegate sponsor for £400 and enjoy

benefits including - two free delegate places at the

conference (see website for other benefits).

Supported by

The conference delegate fee is e105.Early Booking

fee is e95, provided it is paid by 28 February 2013.

Members of supporting organisations will receive a

10% reduction when booking. Members’ price is e95

or e85 for early booking.

Conference bookings/enquiriesemail: [email protected]

CU Phosco Lighting will be holding a series of LED technical sessions and workshops at the following locations.

11th April - Ireland/Northern Ireland - Armagh City Hotel, Armagh

18th April - The Midlands - Walsall F.C., Walsall

25th April - South Wales - Hilton, Newport

26th April - The West Country - Aztec Hotel, Almondsbury

23rd May - London & South East - Fanhams Hotel, Ware

Registration from 10.00am

Seminar starts at 10.30am

Finishes at 3.00pm

Refreshments and a buffet lunch will be available during the day.

The day is 4 hours CPD recordable and will cover the basics of LED technology, how the technology has progressed

in our industry and the general terms used when referring to LED’s.The workshop provides you an opportunity to

interact with our technical team and ask the pertinent questions important to you to develop your LED understanding.

Due to our on going lantern development with LED technology we are willing to share our experiences and honestly

guide you as to the possible advantages and capabilities of this growing technology. There will be a number of

different styles of LED lanterns on display for your interest during the day.

The seminar focuses on the theory of LED and driver technologies, integration of this technology in exterior luminaires

and highlights the differences in procurement of LED versus HID luminaires.

The workshop will focus on the following topics:

The format of the workshop is designed to identify and address the key issues of those attending other topics may

be raised.

Please contact [email protected] for further information or should you wish to book for any of the dates above.

Invitation to LED Technical Seminar & Workshop Session

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