Dept. of Communications & Information TechnologyRepublic of Indonesia

Workshop on Radio Frequency Spectrum for the 3rd Generation Mobile Communications

System (IMT-2000)

CDMA Development Group Contribution on

CDMA2000 and Spectrum Flexibility

Bill DahnkeCDMA Development Group

21 July 2005

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CDMA Development Group

CDMA Worldwide

CDMA2000 at 1900 MHz

Guardband for Mixed Band Plan

Impact of CDMA2000 PCS Operator Re-location

3

CDMA Development Group

CDMA Worldwide

CDMA2000 at 1900 MHz

Guardband for Mixed Band Plan

Impact of CDMA2000 PCS Operator Re-location

4

CDMA Development Group - CDG

The CDG is a consortium of CDMA operator and vendor The CDG is a consortium of CDMA operator and vendor member companies from around the world. Members member companies from around the world. Members

are involved in CDMA system deployment and support.are involved in CDMA system deployment and support.

OperatorsOperatorsSubscriberSubscriberEquipmentEquipment

ValueValue--AddedAddedServicesServices

Network Network Enhancement/ Enhancement/ OptimizationOptimization

Network Network Interface & Interface &

AccessAccess

Network Network InfrastructureInfrastructure

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Charter of the CDG

To lead the rapid evolution and deployment of To lead the rapid evolution and deployment of CDMACDMA--based systems, based on open standards based systems, based on open standards and encompassing all core architectures, to meet and encompassing all core architectures, to meet

the needs of markets around the worldthe needs of markets around the world

Technical Service Technical Service DevelopmentDevelopment

System TestingGHRCEvolutionMMS

Deployment Deployment AssistanceAssistance

Time-to-MarketInt’l RoamingInteroperabilityRegulatory

Information Information DistributionDistribution

ConferencesEmailsWebsitePress Briefings

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CDMA Development Group

CDMA Worldwide

CDMA2000 at 1900 MHz

Guardband for Mixed Band Plan

Impact of CDMA2000 PCS Operator Re-location

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The Dominant 3G Standards are Based on CDMA

IMTIMT--20002000CDMACDMA

Direct SpreadDirect Spread

IMTIMT--20002000CDMACDMA

MultiMulti--CarrierCarrier

IMTIMT--20002000CDMACDMATDDTDD

IMTIMT--20002000TDMATDMA

Single CarrierSingle Carrier

IMTIMT--20002000FDMA/FDMA/TDMATDMA

WCDMA(UMTS)

CDMA2000 1X& 1xEV

UTRA TDD &TD-SCDMA

UWC-136/EDGE

DECT

IMT-2000 Terrestrial Radio Interfaces

3G CDMA

Source: ITU-R recommendation M.1457

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CDMA is the Fastest Growing Worldwide Cellular Technology

Serves more than 256 million users across all continentsSubscriber base growing at 27% per year, compared to 20% for the overall industry

– 43% CDMA market growth in Asia

Rapidly expanding in key markets– India – fastest growing technology, reached

12+ million subscribers and growing rapidly– China – 28 million users– Indonesia – 5 commercial CDMA operators

Dominant technology in North America– CDMA: 97 million subscribers, 49% market

share– TDMA: being phased out– GSM: 57 million subscribers, 30% market

share

Source: CDMA Development Group

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CDMA2000 Dominates 3GMarket Today

168 million3G (IMT-2000)Subscribers on CDMA2000

Source: CDMA Development Group and UMTS Forum

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CDMA2000 Dominates 3G Market Today

Source: CDMA Development Group and UMTS Forum

168 million3G (IMT-2000)Subscribers on CDMA2000

25 million3G (IMT-2000)Subscribers on

WCDMA

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CDMA Development Group

CDMA Worldwide

CDMA2000 at 1900 MHz

Guardband for Mixed Band Plan

Impact of CDMA2000 PCS Operator Re-location

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ITU Identified Bands for 3G (IMT-2000)

1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200800 900

806-960

IMT-2000

Frequency Band in Megahertz (MHz)

2500–2690IMT-2000

2500 2600

1710-2025

IMT-2000

2110-2200

IMT-2000

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3G Deployments in Various Bands

1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200800 900

806-960

IMT 2000

Frequency Band in Megahertz (MHz)

CDMA2000 (1.25 MHz)

2500–2690IMT2000

2500 2600

1710-2025

IMT 2000

2110-2200

IMT 2000

India, China, Japan, Korea, USA, and 60+ other countries

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3G Deployments in Various Bands

1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200800 900

806-960

IMT 2000

Frequency Band in Megahertz (MHz)

CDMA2000 (1.25 MHz)

2500–2690IMT2000

2500 2600

1710-2025

IMT 2000

2110-2200

IMT 2000

CDMA2000 (1.25 MHz)

Over 65 CDMA operators in 1900 MHz PCS band in 21 countries

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3G Deployments in Various Bands

1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200800 900

806-960

IMT 2000

Frequency Band in Megahertz (MHz)

CDMA2000 (1.25 MHz)

2500–2690IMT2000

2500 2600

1710-2025

IMT 2000

2110-2200

IMT 2000

CDMA2000 (1.25 MHz)

WCDMA (5 MHz)

Both CDMA2000 and WCDMA operate in 1900 MHz PCS band in USA

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3G Deployments in Various Bands

1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200800 900

806-960

IMT 2000

Frequency Band in Megahertz (MHz)

CDMA2000 (1.25 MHz)

2500–2690IMT2000

2500 2600

1710-2025

IMT 2000

2110-2200

IMT 2000

WCDMA (5 MHz)

CDMA2000 (1.25 MHz)

WCDMA (5 MHz)

WCDMA operates across these two bands in Europe and Asia

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Who Operates CDMA2000 at 1900 MHz?

Algeria

Argentina

Brazil

Canada

Chile

Colombia

Dom.Rep.Haiti, USVIEcuador

Guatemala

USA

Indonesia

Mexico

Nigeria

Pakistan

Puerto Rico

Romania

Uruguay

Congo

Nepal

Over 65 networks in 21 countries on 5 continents

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More than 250 of 700+ CDMA2000 Terminals Operate at 1900 MHz

Color Displays and 3 MegaPixel CamerasStreaming VideoReal-Time VOD/AODVoice Recognition, GPSR-UIM enabledLow-tier phones as well

Source: www.3gtoday.com

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CDMA Development Group

CDMA Worldwide

CDMA2000 at 1900 MHz

Guardband for Mixed Band Plan

Impact of CDMA2000 PCS Operator Re-location

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““Mixed Band PlanMixed Band Plan”” Spectrum allocation proposal for Spectrum allocation proposal for 3G Services in Indonesia3G Services in Indonesia(with 5 MHz guard band at UMTS(with 5 MHz guard band at UMTS--PCS boundary)PCS boundary)

75 MHz 40 MHz40 MHz25 MHz

1805 1880 1885 1910 1920 1960 1965 1990 2110 2150

GB: 5 MHz

25 MHzPCS U/L UMTS U/L PCS D/L UMTS D/LDCS D/L

GB: 5 MHzGB: 10 MHz

Frequency in MHz

DCS downlink spectrum for GSM/GPRS/EDGE services

UMTS up/downlink spectrum for WCDMA servicesGB: Guard BandPCS up/downlink spectrum for CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO services

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Guard Band provision between UMTS Uplink Guard Band provision between UMTS Uplink and PCS Downlinkand PCS Downlink

Available guard band between the UMTS uplink and the PCS downlink is always more than the proposed 5 MHz guard band

– Occupied bandwidth of a WCDMA carrier is 3.84 MHz. Hence, 580 kHz of inherent guardband available on each side of a WCDMA carrier

– Provision exists in the PCS band allocations for a 625 kHz of inherent guardband at the edges

– Hence, total available guard band between UMTS U/L and PCS D/L is 0.58 + 5 + 0.625 = 6.205 MHz

UMTS Uplink

1955 1960 1965 1970

PCS Downlink

GB Provision: 5 MHz

Frequency in MHz

Available GB: 0.58+5+0.625 =

6.205 MHz

Last WCDMA carrier

CDMA2000 Carriers

Center-to-center frequency of 8.75 MHz

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Interference Considerations with the Interference Considerations with the UMTSUMTS--PCS Mixed Band PlanPCS Mixed Band Plan

Types of interference issues that would arise in such UMTS-PCS “mixed band plan” are:1. CDMA2000 BTS transmit affecting the WCDMA BTS Receive

2. WCDMA UE Transmit affecting the CDMA2000 MS Receive

The first issue is readily addressed by filters and antenna positioning.

The second issue is only expected to occur under infrequent, worst-case conditions.

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CDMA Development Group

CDMA Worldwide

CDMA2000 at 1900 MHz

Guardband for Mixed Band Plan

Impact of CDMA2000 PCS Operator Re-location

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Considerations for Re-location of CDMA2000 PCS OperatorsBoth “current” and “new” frequencies must be

simultaneously supported for ~3 years– ~ 1-2 years for base station changes (150 – 300 base stations)– ~ 1 years for manual handset re-programming change (or capital

expense for automatic programming equipment)

Base stations must be modified, or replaced, to support both “current” and “new” frequencies, simultaneously– Some base stations (depending on model) cannot simultaneously

support the “old” and “new” frequencies– Base station modifications or replacements are expensive:

~US50.000 for modification or ~US100.000 for replacement– RF-related hardware (Tx filters, Rx filters, duplexers, combiners,

etc) will not support the new frequency and the old frequency

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Considerations for Re-location of CDMA2000 PCS OperatorsCDMA2000 handsets use a “Preferred Roaming List” (PRL) to

select proper RF channels – a new PRL is required for the new frequency assignment– Indonesia’s PCS carriers do not have the ability to program the

PRL over-the-air (OTA). Such “OTA” equipment is expensive (~US350k)

– Subscribers will not want to bring handsets to a store for manual re-programming.

• > 1M handsets must be re-programmed!• Will they be returned to distributors for re-programming?• Assuming labor cost is US1.00 per phone: 1M x US1.00 = US1 million

The proposed frequency change will substantially impact Indonesian operators– Example: 100 base stations x US50k = US5 million– Plus US350k for over-the-air programming equipment –OR –

manual handset re-programming will cause customer dissatisfaction and churn

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Summary• CDMA2000 dominates the 3G market with over 168 million

subscribers

• ITU treats all IMT2000 bands equally-- CDMA2000 operators can choose from multiple frequency bands

• CDMA2000 terminals are widely available in 1900 MHz band and have achieved economies of scale

• Frequency coordination plans permit CDMA2000 and WCDMA to co-exist in ITU identified bands

• 5 MHz of guard band allows CDMA2000 at 1900 MHz and WCDMA at 2.1 GHz to co-exist

• Re-locating CDMA2000 operators include substantial tangible and intangible costs

• CDMA2000 PCS operators are providing affordable communications services and smooth migration to advanced 3G services -- they should not be penalized due to spectrum re-organization

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Thank you!

More info: www.cdg.orgbdahnke@cdg.org