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CDMACDMA Principle and MeasurementPrinciple and Measurement
Concepts of CDMA
CDMA Key Technologies
CDMA Air Interface
CDMA Measurement Basic
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Power
Frequency
Time
FDMA
Frequency
Power Time
TDMA
Frequency
CDMA
Power
Time
Cellular Access MethodsCellular Access Methods
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US Cellular Channel 384
Frequency
Amplitude
Frequency
Amplitude
AMPS
45 MHz
Forward Link
881.52 MHz836.52 MHz
Reverse Link
CDMA
45 MHz
836.52 MHz 881.52 MHz
Reverse Link Forward Link
CDMA is CDMA is Also Full DuplexFull Duplex
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3
6
CDMA Reuse FDMA Reuse
11
1
1
11
11
16
22
1
45
7
Cellular Frequency Reuse PatternsCellular Frequency Reuse Patterns
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Capacity = (Chan BW)(Data Rate)
×(1)
(Eb/I0)×
(1)(Vaf)
(Fr)×
CDMA = (1,230,000)
(9,600)×
(1)(5.01)
×(1)
(.40)(0.67)×
CDMA = 42 calls (Using 1.5 MHz BW)
AMPS = 1.5 MHz ÷ 30 kHz = 50 Channels
Capacity = 50 Channels ÷ 7 (1/7 Frequency Reuse)
AMPS = 7 calls (Using 1.5 MHz BW)
ProcessingGain
CDMA Capacity GainsCDMA Capacity Gains
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Interference Sources
Walsh CodeSpreading
Encoding &Interleaving
Decode & De-Interleaving
BasebandData
BasebandData
Background Noise External Interference Other Cell Interference Other User Noise
9.6 kbps 19.2 kbps 1228.8 kbps 19.2 kbps 9.6 kbps
CDMA Transmitter
CDMA Receiver
1.23 MHz BW
fc
1.23 MHz BW
fc
10 kHz BW
0
10 kHz BW
0
1.23 MHz BW
fc
1.23 MHz BW
fcfc
-113 dBm/1.23 MHz
fc
Spurious Signals
Walsh CodeCorrelator
1228.8 kbps
The CDMA ConceptThe CDMA Concept
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CDMACDMA
Analog
Analog
CDMA Paradigm ShiftCDMA Paradigm Shift
Multiple Users on One FrequencyAnalog/TDMA Try to Prevent Multiple Users InterferenceChannel is Defined by CodeAnalog Systems Defined Channels by FrequencyCapacity Limit is SoftAllows Degrading Voice Quality to Temporarily Increase CapacityReduce Surrounding Cell Capacity to Increase a Cell's Capacity
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CDMACDMA Principle and MeasurementPrinciple and Measurement
Concepts of CDMA
CDMA Key Technologies
CDMA Air Interface
CDMA Measurement Basic
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W =2
0 00 1
4W =
0 0 0 00 1 0 10 0 1 10 1 1 0
W = 01
n
n
n
n
W WW WW =2n
Walsh CodesWalsh Codes
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SynchronizationSynchronization
All Direct Sequence, Spread Spectrum Systems Should be Accurately Synchronized for Efficient SearchingFinding the Desired Code Becomes Difficult Without Synchronization
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+Sum of A & BWalsh EncodedData Streams
Channel AWalsh EncodedVoice Data -1
+1
1 100 0 0 0 0
Channel BWalsh EncodedVoice Data -1
+1
1 10 0 00 1 1
-1
+2
+1
-2
Multiply Summed Data with Desired Walsh Code
+2
-1
+1
1 1-1
+1
-2
x =+2
-1
+1
-2
=∫ 0.75-Original Data Was0 (-1), We Have Interference Now!
Original Time Delayed
What if Walsh Codes are Not Time Aligned ?What if Walsh Codes are Not Time Aligned ?
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112
2
3
4567
8
9
1011
CDMA System TimeCDMA System Time
How Does CDMA Achieve Synchronization for Efficient Searching ?Use GPS Satellite System
Base Stations Use GPS Time via Satellite Receivers as a Common Time ReferenceGPS Clock Drives the Long Code Generator
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Time
Frequency
Amplitude
The Rake ReceiverThe Rake Receiver
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Output
T0
W0
T4T1 T2 T3
W1 W2W3 W4
+
Delay Taps
Tap Weights
Antenna
Rake Receiver DesignRake Receiver Design
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Power Control Basic
CDMA interference limited.Near-Far problem.
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Reverse Link Power ControlReverse Link Power ControlMaximum System Capacity is Achieved if:All Mobiles are Powered Controlled to the Minimum Power for Acceptable Signal QualityAs a result, all Mobiles are Received at About Equal Power at the Base Station Independent of Their Location
There are Two Types of Reverse Control:Open Loop Power ControlClosed Loop Power Control
Open & Closed Loop Power Control are Always Both Active !
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Open Loop Power ControlOpen Loop Power Control
Assumes Loss is Similar on Forward and Reverse PathsReceive Power+Transmit Power = -73All powers in dBm
Example:For a Received Power of -85 dBm• Transmit Power = (-73) - (-85)• Transmit Power = +12 dBm
Provides an Estimate of Reverse TX Power for Given Propagation Conditions
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Closed Loop Power ControlClosed Loop Power ControlDirected by Base StationUpdated Every 1.25 msecCommands Mobile to Change TX Power in +/-1 dB Step SizeFine Tunes Open Loop Power EstimatePower Control Bits are "Punctured" over the Encoded Voice DataPuncture Period is two 19.2 kbps Symbol Periods = 103.6 usec
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CDMA Variable Rate Speech CoderCDMA Variable Rate Speech Coder
DSP Analyzes 20 Millisecond Blocks of Speech for ActivitySelects Encoding Rate Based On Activity:High Activity: Full Data Rate Encoding (9600 bps)Some Activity: Half Data Rate Encoding (4800 bps)Low Activity: Quarter Date Rate Encoding (2400 bps)No Activity: 1/8 Data Rate Encoding (1200 bps)
How Does This Improve Capacity? Mobile Transmits in Bursts of 1.25 ms
System Capacity Increases by 1/Vaf
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CDMA Frame = 20 msFull Rate
Half Rate
Quarter Rate
Eighth Rate
Mobile Power BurstingMobile Power Bursting
Each Frame is Divided Into 16 Power Control GroupsEach Power Control Group Contains 1536 Chips (represents 12 encoded voice bits)Average Power Is Lowered 3dB for Each Lower Data Rate
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Soft handover
4
B SB S
Frequencyf1
Frequencyf1
•Unlike GSM hard handover•Cdma make soft handover for BS with same frequency•Soft handover, more effective and reliable
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CDMACDMA Principle and MeasurementPrinciple and Measurement
Concepts of CDMA
CDMA Key Technologies
CDMA Air Interface
CDMA Measurement Basic
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WalshCover
I Short Code
Q Short Code
FIR
FIR1.2288Mbps
Walsh Code Generator
I
Q
1.2288Mbps
1.2288 Mbps
1.2288 Mbps
Long Code
19.2 kbps
19.2 kbps
VocodedSpeech data
20 msecblocks
Interleaver
Power ControlPuncturing
19.2 kbps
19.2 kbps
800 bps
800 bps
P.C.MUX
9.6 kbps
19.2 kbps
3/4 rate
1/2 rate
14.4 kbps
19.2 kbps
ConvolutionalEncoder
Long CodeScrambling
Short Code Scrambler
Forward Link Traffic Channel Physical LayerForward Link Traffic Channel Physical Layer
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To I/QModulator
1.2288 Mbps
1.2288 Mbps
Q Channel ShortSequence CodeGenerator
Walsh CodedData at1.2288 Mbps
I Channel ShortSequence CodeGenerator
Why Spread Again with the Short Sequence ?Why Spread Again with the Short Sequence ?
Provides a Cover to Hide the 64 Walsh CodesEach Base Station is Assigned A Time Offset in its Short SequencesTime Offsets Allow Mobiles to Distinguish Between Adjacent CellsAlso Allows Reuse of All Walsh Codes in Each Cell
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chip0 5 10 15 20 25 30
1
Pseudo-Random Sequence
0
-1
chip offset
Auto-Correlation Versus Time Offset
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0
AutoAuto--CorrelationCorrelation
Is a Comparison of a Signal Against ItselfGood Pseudo-Random Patterns Have:Strong Correlation at Zero Time OffsetWeak Correlation at Other Time Offsets
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chip offset
Auto-Correlation VersusTime Offset with 17 dB Noise Added
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0
Short Code CorrelationShort Code CorrelationShort Codes Are Designed to Have:§ Strong Auto-Correlation at Zero Time Offset§ Weak Auto-Correlation at Other Offsets§ Good Auto-Correlation In Very Poor Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Environments
Allows Fast Acquisition in Real World Environment
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Walsh Code 32
Walsh Code 0
Pilot Channel
Sync Channel
Walsh Codes 1 to 7
Walsh Codes 8-31, 33-63
Traffic Channels1 up to 55 Channels
All 0's
19.2 kbps 1228.8 kbps
1228.8 kbps
1228.8 kbps
I
Convert to I/Q & Short Code Spreading
Convert to I/Q & Short Code Spreading
Convert to I/Q & Short Code Spreading
FIR LP Filter &D/A Conversion
FIR LP Filter &D/A Conversion
FIR LP Filter &D/A Conversion
FIR LP Filter &D/A Conversion
Q
4.8 kbps
I Data
I Data
I Data
I Data
Q Data
Q Data
Q Data
Q Data
Paging Channels1 up to 7 Channels
19.2 kbps 1228.8 kbps Convert to I/Q & Short Code Spreading
Forward Link Channel FormatForward Link Channel Format
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l Uses Walsh Code 0:3All 64 bits are 0
l All Data into Walsh Modulator is 0
l Output of Walsh Modulator is Therefore all 0's
l Pilot Channel is just the Short Codes
Q
Walsh Code0
I Short Code
Q Short Code
FIR
FIR1.2288Mbps
Walsh Code Generator
I
1.2288Mbps
1.2288 Mbps
1.2288 Mbps
All 0 input
Short Code Scrambler
WalshModulator
Pilot Channel Physical LayerPilot Channel Physical Layer
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Walsh32
CoverI Short Code
Q Short Code
FIR
FIR1.2288Mbps
Walsh Code Generator
I
Q
1.2288Mbps
1.2288 Mbps
1.2288 Mbps
Sync Channel Message Data
Interleaver
4.8 kbps
1/2 rate
ConvolutionalEncoder
Short Code Scrambler
2x
4.8 kbps
SymbolRepetition
2.4 kbps
1.2 kbps
Sync Channel Physical LayerSync Channel Physical Layer
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Walsh1 to 7Cover
I Short Code
Q Short Code
FIR
FIR1.2288Mbps
Walsh Code Generator
I
Q
1.2288Mbps
1.2288 Mbps
1.2288 Mbps
19.2 kbps
Paging ChannelLong Code
19.2 kbps
Long CodeScrambling
Short Code Scrambler
Paging Channel Message Data
Interleaver
19.2 kbps
1/2 rate
ConvolutionalEncoder
2x
19.2 kbps
SymbolRepetition
9.6 kbps
4.8 kbps
Paging Channel Physical LayerPaging Channel Physical Layer
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Interleaver
I Short Code
Q Short Code
1.2288Mbps I
Q
307.2 kbps
t/2
1/2 Chip Delay28.8 kbps20 msec
blocks
VocodedSpeech Data
64-aryModulator
1.2288 Mbps
1 of 64 Walsh Codes
Long Code
1.2288 Mbps
1.2288 Mbps
FIR
FIR
Walsh Code 1
Walsh Code 2
Walsh Code 0
Walsh Code 62
Walsh Code 63
Walsh Code 61
ConvolutionalEncoder
9.6 kbps
28.8 kbps
1/3 rate
1/2 rate14.4
kbps
28.8 kbps
Long Code Modulator
Short Code Scrambler
Reverse Link Traffic Channel Physical LayerReverse Link Traffic Channel Physical Layer
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307.2 kbps
Walsh Code 1
Walsh Code 2
Walsh Code 0
Walsh Code 62
Walsh Code 63
Walsh Code 61
28.8 kbps
6464--aryary ModulationModulationEvery 6 Encoded Voice Data Bits Points to One of the 64 Walsh CodesSpreads Data From 28.8 kbps to 307.2 kbps:(28.8 kbps * 64 bits)/ 6 bits = 307.2 kbps)
Is Not the Channelization for the Reverse Link
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Why Aren't Walsh Codes Used for Reverse Why Aren't Walsh Codes Used for Reverse Channelization ?Channelization ?
All Walsh Codes Arrive Together in Time to All Mobiles From the Base StationHowever, Transmissions from Mobiles DO NOT Arrive at the Same Time at the Base Station
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WalshModulatedVoice Data
307.2 kbps
1.2288 Mbps
1.2288 Mbps
XOR
Long CodeGenerator
Reverse Channel Long Code SpreadingReverse Channel Long Code Spreading
Long Code Spreading Provides Unique Mobile ChannelizationMobiles are Uncorrelated but not Orthogonal with Each Other
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t/2 QFIR
I Short Code
Q Short Code
1.2288Mbps I
1/2 Chip Delay
1.2288 Mbps
1.2288 Mbps
FIR
Reverse Channel Short Sequence SpreadingReverse Channel Short Sequence Spreading
Same PN Short Codes Are Used by MobilesShort Sequence Spreading Aids Base Station Signal Acquisition Extra 1/2 Chip Delay is Inserted into Q Path to Produce OQPSK Modulation to Simplify Power Amplifier Design
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I
Q
I
Q
00 01
11
01
1110
00
10
OQPSK Modulation
QPSK Makes one Symbol Change Every PeriodOQPSK Makes two Symbol Changes Every Period if both I and Q Data ChangesExample Symbol Pattern is:00, 10, 01,11
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Filtered Offset QPSKFiltered QPSK
I I
Base Station Pilot Channel TX Mobile Station TX
CDMA Modulation Formats
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Function Forward Link{Base to Mobile}
Reverse Link{Mobile to Base}
9.6 kbps ConvolutionalEncoder
1/2 Rate{9600 in 19200 out}
1/3 Rate{9600 in 28800 out}
14.4 kbps Convolutional Encoder
3/4 Rate{14400 in 19200 out}
1/2 Rate{14400 in 28800 out}
Walsh Coding Channelization 64-aryModulation
Long CodeSpreading
Voice Privacy Channelization
Short Code Spreading Base Station Identification
Aid Base Station Searching
Channelization Summary
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CDMA Service OptionsService Options Are:§ 1- Voice Using 9600 bps IS-96-A Vocoder§ 2- Rate Set 1 Loopback (9600 bps)§ 3- Voice Using 9600 bps (EVRC)§ 4- Asynchronous Data Service (circuit switched)§ 5- Group 3 Fax§ 6- Short Message Service (9600 bps)§ 7- Internet Standard PPP Packet Data § 8- CDPD Over PPP Packet Data§ 9- Rate Set 2 Loopback (14400 bps)§ 14-Short Message Service (14400 bps)§ 32,768- Voice Using 14400 bps (CDG)
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Ten Minutes in the Life of a CDMA Mobile Phone
Turn-on§ System AccessTravel§ Idle State Hand-OffInitiate CallSystem AccessContinue Travel§ Initiate Soft Handoff§ Terminate Soft HandoffEnd Call
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CDMA Turn On Process
Find All Receivable Pilot SignalsChoose Strongest OneEstablish Frequency and PN Time Reference (Base Station I.D.)Demodulate Sync ChannelEstablish System TimeDetermine Paging Channel Long Code Mask
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SYNCSYNC
Sync Channel MessageContains the Following Data:Base Station Protocol RevisionMin Protocol Revision SupportedSID, NID of Cellular SystemPilot PN Offset of Base StationLong Code StateSystem TimeLeap Seconds From Start of System TimeLocal Time Offset from System Time Daylight Savings Time FlagPaging Channel Data RateChannel Number
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PagingPaging
Read the Paging Channel
Demodulate the Paging Channel:Use Long Code Mask Derived from the Pilot PN Offset Given in Sync Channel MessageDecode MessagesRegister, if Required by Base StationMonitor Paging Channel
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CDMA Idle State Handoff
No Call In ProgressMobile Listens to New CellMove Registration Location if Entering a New Zone
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CDMA Call Completion
Base Answers Access Probe using the Channel Assignment MessageMobile Goes to A Traffic Channel Based on the Channel Assignment Message InformationBase Station Begins to Transmit and Receive Traffic Channel
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CDMA Soft Handoff InitiationMobile Finds Second Pilot of Sufficient Power (exceeds T_add Threshold)Mobile Sends Pilot Strength Message to First Base StationBase Station Notifies MTSOMTSO Requests New Walsh Assignment from Second Base StationIf Available, New Walsh Channel Info is Relayed to First Base Station
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CDMA Soft Handoff Completion
First Base Station Orders Soft Handoff with new Walsh AssignmentMTSO Sends Land Link to Second Base StationMobile Receives Power from Two Base StationsMTSO Chooses Better Quality Frame Every 20 Milliseconds
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Ending CDMA Soft Handoff
First BS Pilot Power Goes Low at Mobile Station (drops below T_drop)Mobile Sends Pilot Strength MessageFirst Base Station Stops Transmitting and Frees up ChannelTraffic Channel Continues on Base Station Two
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CDMA End of Call
Mobile or Land InitiatedMobile and Base Stop TransmissionLand Connection Broken
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IS-2000 Terms & DefinitionsChipü Is the period of a data bit at the final spreading rateSR - Spreading RateüDefines the final spreading rate in terms of 1.2288 Mcps. So a
3.6864 Mcps system is called a SR3 system.RC - Radio ConfigurationüDefines the physical channel configuration based upon a base
channel data rate.üRCs contain rates derived from their base rate. For example, RC3 is
based on 9.6 kbps and includes 1.5, 2.7, 4.8, 9.6, 19.2, 38.4, 76.8, 153.6, and 307.200 kbps.üRCs are coupled to specific Spreading Rates
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IS-2000 SR1Is an Improved TIA/EIA-95-B Narrowband SystemOccupies the Same 1.23 MHz Bandwidth as TIA/EIA-95-BForward Link:
üAdds Fast Power ControlüQuick Paging Channel to Improve Standby TimeüUses QPSK Modulation Rather than Dual BPSK to:
• Use 3/8 Rate Convolutional Encoder instead of 3/4 for 14.4 Service (improves error correction)
• 128 Walsh Codes to Handle More Soft Handoffs for 9.6 serviceReverse Link:
üUses Pilot Aided BPSK to Allow Coherent DemodulationüUses 1/4 Rate Convolutional Encoder Instead of 1/2 or 1/3Doubles System Capacity
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SR1 Forward Radio ConfigurationsRadio Configuration 1 - RequiredüBackwards compatible mode with TIA/EIA-95-BüBased on 9,600 bps TrafficRadio Configuration 2üBackwards compatible mode with TIA/EIA-95-BüBased on 14,400 bps TrafficRadio Configurations 3, 4, and 5üAll use new IS-2000 coding for improved capacityüRC3 is based on 9,600 bps and goes up to 153,600 bpsüRC4 is based on 9,600 bps and goes up to 307,200 bpsüRC5 is based on 14,400 bps and goes up to 230,400 bps
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CDMACDMA Principle and MeasurementPrinciple and Measurement
Concepts of CDMA
CDMA Key Technologies
CDMA Air Interface
CDMA Measurement Basic
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Base Station Simulator
Pilot ChannelWalsh Code 0
Sync ChannelWalsh Code 32
Paging ChannelWalsh Code 1
Traffic Channel
OrthogonalChannel NoiseSource
Additive White Gaussian NoiseSource
RFOutput
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CDMA Transmitter Testsü Frequency Accuracyü CDMA Hard Handoffü Time Reference AccuracyüWaveform Quality (rho)ü Range of Open Loop Power Controlü Time Response of Open Loop Power Controlü Access Probe Output Powerü Range of Closed Loop Power Controlü Maximum RF Output Powerü Minimum Controlled Powerü Standby and Gated Output Powerü Conducted TX Spurious Emissionsü Radiated TX Spurious Emissions
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Waveform Quality
CDMA Transmitter Figure of Merit:Rho - Power Correlation Coefficient
An Expression Giving the Percent of Transmitted Power That Correlates to the Ideal CodeMobiles Must Meet rho of 0.944This level of Performance Produces 0.25 dB of Increased Interference to Other Users
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Frequency Accuracy and Static Time Offset
Transmitted Carrier Must be Accurate To Within ±300 Hz (PCS ±150Hz)Cannot Be Measured With a Conventional Frequency CounterDerived from rho MeasurementStatic Time Alignment (Mobile's Transmitted Data Clock) Must Also Be Accurate To ± 1 µsMeasurement is Relative to the Pilot Channel's Transmitted Data Clock
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Open Loop Power Test
Verifies Open Loop Power Control Estimate AccuracyMeasured Over an 80 dB Dynamic RangeMeasured at:Base -93.5dBm - Mobile +20dBmBase -65 dBm - Mobile -8 dBmBase -25 dBm - Mobile -48 dBmMobile Should be Accurate Within ±6 dB, and Must be Within ±9.5 dBTest set must be within 0.2dB uncertainty for all power measurement
+20 dBm
-50 dBm
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Time Response of Open Loop Power ControlMeasures MS output power response to step change in input power.Method of Measurement:Connect BS to MS.Make a call.Send alternating up/down power control bits.Change BS output power and measure MS output as function of time.Minimum Standard:Output power shall transition according to mask limits.
-80 dBm
100 ms Time
Ior^
-60 dBm-40 dBm
Time (ms)
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Closed Loop Power Tests
Verifies Closed Loop Power Control Range and LinearityMeasured Over a ±24 dB Dynamic RangeMobile Must Offer at least ±24 dB of Closed Loop Power Control Around the Open Loop Power Control EstimateMeasured by Send 100 Up and then 100 Down Power Control Bits
+24 dB
-24 dB
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CDMA Power MeasurementsMaximum Output Power TestSet CDMA Source to -104 dBm/1.23 MHzSet Access Channel Parameters to Produce Full PowerMake a Service Option 002, Full Rate CallMeasure Power
Maximum Power Specifications:Class 1 Mobiles: 1.25 to 6.3 WattsClass 2 Mobiles: 0.5 to 2.5 WattsClass 3 Mobiles: 0.2 to 1.0 Watt
Requires the Accurate Measure of a Wideband Signal with High Crest Factor
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Gated Output Power
1.25 msec
Power vs. Time Template
20 dB
3 dB
6µs 6µs
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Overview of TX Tests with Agilent 8960Performs TX Tests Using the 8960:ü Frequency Accuracyü Hard Handoffü Static Time ReferenceüWaveform Qualityü Range of Open Loop PCü Time response of open loop power controlü Range of Closed Loop PCü Gated output powerü Max RF Output Powerü Min RF Output Powerü Access Probe Output Powerü Spurious Emissions
Establish a Service Option002 Call Using the 8960
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Receiver Testsü Demodulation of Paging Channel in AWGNü Demodulation of Forward Traffic Channel in AWGNü Demodulation of Forward Traffic Channel in Multi-path Fading Channelü Soft Handoff Power Control Bit Testsü Receiver Sensitivity and Dynamic Rangeü Single Tone Desensitizationü Inter-modulation Spurious Response Attenuationü Receiver Spurious Emissions
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What is Frame Error Rate ?
Every 20 ms of Digitized Speech (9600 bps or less) Constitutes a CDMA FrameWhen a Frame Cannot be Correctly Decoded, a Frame Error Has OccurredIndividual Chip Errors (Over-the-Air) Do Not Significantly Degrade CDMA PerformanceCDMA Voice Quality is Acceptable with Frame Error Rates up to 3%.
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Confidence Limit Testing
Measuring Frame Error Rates or Message Error Rates Involves Testing Random ErrorsConfidence Limits Use Statistical Models to Determine if FER or MER Measurements Meet a Target Specification with a Specified ConfidenceConfidence Limit Testing Results in the Absolute Minimum Test TimeExample:Must meet 0.5% FER with 95% Confidence
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Confidence Limit Curves
95% Confidence Limit for 0.5% FER
600 900 1400 2800 4500 8200 16000 30000 56000 1000000
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5Measured FER
PASS1 Error
2 Errors
4 Errors
8 Errors
16 Errors32 Errors
64 Errors128 Errors 256 Errors
512 Errors
12 18 28 56 90 320 1120164 600 2000
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Base Station Simulator Configuration for Sensitivity Tests
CDMA Sensitivity DynamicChannels Test Range Test
lor - Total Power -104 dBm -25 dBm
AWGN OFF OFF
PILOT -7.0 dB -7.0 dBSYNC -16.0 dB -16.0 dBPAGING -12.0 dB -12.0 dBTRAFFIC -15.6 db -15.6 dbOCNS -1.645 dB -1.645 db
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Receiver Sensitivity and Dynamic Range
Establish a Service Option 002 Call (Data Loopback Mode) with the CDMA Mobile
Cell Power = -104 dBm / 1.23 MHz
Measure FER and verify less than 0.5% with 95% Confidence
0.5%FER