cefpi midwest great lakes regional conference april 23, 2009

CEFPI Midwest Great Lakes Regional Conference

April 23, 2009

HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time

Presented by: Terrance R. Liette, PE, LEED APFanning/Howey Associates, Inc.

Fanning/Howey…who are we?

47 years specializing in K-12 planning and design Complete and cost-effective in-house design

services: Architecture Engineering Site Technology Interiors

Ohio School Facility Commission (OSFC) experience

Green (LEED) experience

Terrance R. Liette, PE, LEED AP…who am I?

Executive Director of Fanning Howey Engineering Group

Principal 27 years experience, all with Fanning/Howey Registered Professional Engineer in 18 states LEED Accredited Professional


Today’s agenda… Expectations of the HVAC design engineer Selecting the right HVAC system for the project LEED and the impact on HVAC system design and

construction System performance criteria Construction administration…role and goals Project commissioning and HVAC systems After construction is complete, warranty and

maintenance


Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… Assist the architect with energy modeling

Integrated project design Energy Star target


Integrated project design: Initial energy model integrated with architect’s 3-D

package eQuest or any program running with DOE-2 engine Establish targets for the building envelope construction

together Determine impact from orientation runs Adjust massing models to determine the greatest

impact


Energy Star target: Always compare to the Target Finder for Energy Star.

See www.energystar.gov for more information.


Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… Assist the architect with energy modeling Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility

designGeothermal Water-source Heat Pump?

Displacement Ventilation?

Chilled Beams?



design Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each

HVAC system option




HVAC option Present valid data to school district stakeholders for

decision





decision Continued analysis of building energy model as design

progresses, always looking to make adjustments for reduced energy and improved indoor environment







Phase submission documents Drawings


Typical Classroom

Design Development

Phase


Typical Mechanical

Room

Design Development

Phase







Phase submission documents Drawings Specifications

} Detailed quality control check







Phase submission documents Drawings Specifications Energy modeling targets







Phase submission documents Drawings Specifications Energy modeling targets Commissioning agent review







Phase submission documents Cost estimating support







Phase submission documents Cost estimating support Value engineering approach



design Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each HVAC

option Present valid data to school district stakeholders for



Phase submission documents Cost estimating support Value engineering approach Bidding support


Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… Assist the architect with energy modeling Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility design Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each HVAC

option Present valid data to school district stakeholders for decision Continued analysis of building energy model as design


Phase submission documents Cost estimating support Value engineering approach Bidding support Construction administration, being on the job at the project

site


Selecting the right HVAC system for the project… 21st century systems for consideration


21st century systems for consideration: Variable Air Volume systems Ground Source Heat Pump systems (geothermal) Displacement Ventilation systems Thermal Ice Storage Chilled Beam applications

Active Passive Combined with induction air/displacement ventilation

Variable Refrigerant Volume systems


Selecting the right HVAC system for the project… 21st century systems for consideration Always share the advantages and disadvantages


Fan Powered VAVFan Powered VAV

Advantages DisadvantagesThe VAV terminals are located above the ceiling, using less floor space

Central air-handling units can minimize redundancy

The system is energy efficient in operation

Noise level could be higher than acceptable for LEED credit

Life expectancy of 30-35+ years

Air balance of systems requires greater care and expertise

The heat recovery system helps to lower operating costs and control humidity levels throughout the building

Filter changes at each VAV terminalFan motor at each VAV terminal


Fan Powered VAVWater Source Heat Pump with Geothermal

Advantages DisadvantagesThe system can be located above the ceiling, using less floor space

The heat pump equipment has a life expectancy of 15-20 years

Operated with DDC controls Intermixing of air streams can encourage distribution of odors throughout the building

Design meets ASHRAE standard 62.1-2004 ventilation

Maintenance tends to be higher due to excessive use of the heat pump compressor

The system is energy efficient in operation

Noise may be higher due to compressor

Mechanical spaces are required for make-up air units and possibly heat pump units

Higher installation cost


Selecting the right HVAC system for the project… 21st century systems for consideration Always share the advantages and disadvantages Energy should have an impact, but should not be the

only measurement


Energy should have an impact, but should not be the only measurement:

Consider expectations of the school district Consider the value of the local service companies Consider the utilities available in the area Consider the first cost implications to the budget…what

can you really afford to buy on bid day? Consider acoustical impact (background system noise)



only measurement Maintenance considerations


Maintenance considerations: Determine the level of expertise within the maintenance

department of the school district…it will vary greatly from district to district

Develop an understanding of the existing systems in the school district…do they want or expect continuity with some manufacturers of the HVAC equipment (i.e., pumps, temperature controls, boilers)?

What are some of the new considerations on the market…are they truly tested or would you and the school district be the guinea pig?

Life cycle of the system…how long before replacement of components is required?



only measurement Maintenance considerations Decision made by the stakeholders based on quality

data


LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction

LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EA Prereq 2 – Minimum Energy Performance

Intent: To establish the minimum level of energy efficiency for the proposed building and systems.

Requirements: Design the building project to comply with both the mandatory provisions of ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 and the prescriptive requirements or performance requirements of ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004

and

The project must establish an Energy Performance Rating goal for the facility design using EPA’s Target Finder rating tool.



LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EA Prereq 3 – Fundamental Refrigerant Management

Intent: To reduce ozone depletion.

Requirements: Zero use of CFC-based refrigerants in the new base building HVAC&R systems.



LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EA Credit 1 – Optimize Energy Performance

Intent: To achieve an increasing level of energy performance above the baseline to reduce environmental and economic impacts associated with excessive energy use.Requirements: Achieve at least 14% savings over baseline performance per ASHRAE 90.1-2004 for a minimum of 2 points using one of the following methods:

•Whole building energy simulation per 90.1-2004 Appendix G

•Advanced Buildings Core Performance

•New Buildings Institute

•ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for K-12 Schools



LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EA Credit 4 – Enhanced Refrigerant Management

Intent: To reduce ozone depletion and support early compliance with the Montreal Protocol while minimizing direct contributions to global warming.

Requirements:

Option 1: Do not use refrigerants

or

Option 2: Select refrigerants and HVAC&R that minimize or eliminate the emission of compounds that contribute to ozone depletion and global warming



LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EA Credit 5 – Measurement & Verification

Intent: To provide for ongoing accountability of building energy consumption over time.

Requirements: Develop and implement a Measurement & Verification (M&V) plan consistent with Option D (Calibrated Simulation) or Option B (ECM Isolation) as specified in the IPMVP Vol. III. Period shall be for no less than 1 year of post construction occupancy and must include a process for corrective action if savings are not achieved.



LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EA Credit 6 – Green Power

Intent: To encourage the development and use of grid-source renewable energy technologies on a net zero pollution basis.

Requirements: Provide at least 35% of the building’s electricity from renewable sources by engaging in at least a 2-year renewable energy contract. Renewable sources are defined by the Center For Resource Solutions (SRS) Green-e products certification requirements.



LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EQ Prereq 1 – Minimum IAQ Performance

Intent: To establish Minimum IAQ performance to enhance IAQ in buildings, thus contributing to the comfort and well being of the occupants.

Requirements: Meet the minimum requirements of Sections 4 - 7 of ASHRAE 62.1-2004.



LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EQ Prereq 3 – Minimum Acoustical Performance

Intent: To provide classrooms that are quiet and in which teachers can speak to the class without straining their voices and students can effectively communicate with each other and the teacher.Requirements: Design classrooms and other core learning spaces to meet the Reverberation Time (RT) requirements of ANSI S12.60-2002. Also, design classrooms and other core learning spaces to meet the Sound Transmission Class (STC) Requirements, excepting windows, which meet a STC of at least 35

and

Option 1 – use methods in ANSI S12.60-2002 to achieve a minimum background noise level in classrooms or other primary learning spaces of 45 dBA.

or

Option 2 – design classrooms and other core learning spaces using the methodology listed in the 2003 HVAC Applications ASHRAE Handbook, Chapter 47, and achieve a RN(C) Mark II level of 37.



LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EQ Credit 1 – Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring

Intent: to provide capacity for ventilation system monitoring to help sustain occupant comfort and well being.

Requirements: install permanent monitoring systems that provide feedback on ventilation system performance to ensure the ventilation systems maintain design-minimum ventilation requirements. The system must generate an alarm when conditions vary by 10% or more from the set point.

For mechanically ventilated spaces, monitor CO2 in all densely occupied spaces. CO2 monitoring locations shall be between 3’ and 6’ above the floor

and

For each system serving non-densely occupied spaces, provide a direct outdoor airflow measurement device capable of measuring the minimum outdoor airflow rate with an accuracy of ±15% of the designed minimum as defined in ASHRAE 62.1-2004.



LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EQ Credit 5 – Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control

Intent: to minimize exposure of building occupants to potentially hazardous particulates and chemical pollutants.

Requirements: design to minimize and control pollutant entry into buildings and later to cross-contaminate occupied areas:

•Permanent entry way systems at least 6’ in direction of travel.

•Where hazardous gasses or chemicals may be present, exhaust to create negative pressure with respect to adjacent spaces.

•Provide air filters of MERV 13 or better.

•Provide contaminant drains plumbed for appropriate disposal of hazardous liquid wastes in places where water and chemical concentrate mixing occurs for laboratory purposes.



LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EQ Credit 6.2 – Thermal Comfort Controllability

Intent: to provide a high level of thermal comfort system control by individual occupants or by specified groups in multi-occupant spaces to promote the productivity, comfort and well-being of building occupants.

Requirements: provide individual comfort controls for 50% (minimum) of the building occupants in workspaces

and

provide comfort controls for all multi-occupant spaces.

(Conditions for thermal comfort are defined in ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 – air temperature, radiant temperature, air speed and humidity.)



LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EQ Credit 7.1 – Thermal Comfort Design

Intent: to provide a comfortable environment that supports productivity and well-being of occupants.

Requirements: design HVAC systems to meet requirements of ASHRAE Standard 55-2004.



LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection EQ Credit 10 – Mold Prevention

Intent: to reduce potential for mold in school by preventive design and construction methods.Requirements: achieve the following credits:

•EQc3.1: Construction for IAQ Management: During Construction

•EQc7.1: Thermal Comfort: Design

•EQc7.2: Thermal Comfort: Verification

and

Design HVAC to have a RH of 60% or less under all load conditions, both occupied and unoccupied

and

Develop and implement an IAQ management plan based on an EPA document (reference 402-F-91-102).


System performance criteria… Each classroom environment needs independent system

control Specifically control the breathing zone Humidity control improves room comfort and saves the

building components Outside air requirements…the correct amount to meet

code and enhance the room environment Only treat the spaces as they are being used…reduce

overall energy during course of school day Performance criteria should be reviewed and agreed

upon by the Commissioning Agent


Construction administration… Set expectations with the Contractor from the first day

Preconstruction MeetingStructured agenda with set goalsCommunication routingPaperwork routingProcess expectations



Preconstruction Meeting Pre-installation Meeting (immediately before installation

starts)Detailed review of technical specificationsClarify expected installation techniquesQuality expectations set




starts) Pre-start Up Meeting

Define who attendsDetermine criteria to

allow start upOutline time line

requirements




starts) Pre-start Up Meeting Pre-closeout Meeting

Methodologies for completing the projectTimelines for expediting completion of the projectPunch out and final review expectations



Preconstruction Meeting Pre-installation Meeting immediately before installation

starts Pre-start Up Meeting Pre-closeout Meeting Final Documentation

Operation & Maintenance ManualsFinal testing documentationFinal paperworkCoordination with the Commissioning Agent


Project commissioning and HVAC systems… Commissioning required for LEED projects and any

Ohio School Facilities Commission (OSFC) projects Independent 3rd party consultant in contract directly

with the school system Early involvement is key and pays big dividends

CxA should be reviewing the engineering design documents beginning with the SD phase submission to the client

The best commissioning agents have a clear process for documenting issues and following up with addressing each issue


Project commissioning and HVAC systems… The CxA continues working on the project throughout

construction and in the first year following construction (in the event of LEED certification pursuits)

Benefits are already being seen in the first year of operation…lower operating costs reflecting an HVAC system operating as it was intended


Post construction issues: Warranty Maintenance Contractually, what are the required expectations of the

design professional? When does the school take ownership?


To Summarize: The HVAC system is very complicated, so… know your HVAC Engineer very well and set high

expectations Integration of design is necessary Quality control – check the work Set goals early and never lose sight of them Plan the work and then work the plan

cefpi midwest great lakes regional conference april 23, 2009

Documents

hvac designconstruction

hvac design engineer

hvac system design

hvac systems

right hvac system

hvac options specific

hvac system option slide

time slide