cel351_hydrualic structure design
TRANSCRIPT
CEL351: Design of Hydraulic StructuresCEL351: Design of Hydraulic Structures
INSTRUCTOR
Dr. B. R. ChaharAssociate Professor
Office: Block V 202Office: Block V 202Phone: 1187
Email: Chahar@civil iitd ac inEmail: [email protected]: www.chahar.tk
http://web.iitd.ac.in/~chahar
CEL351: Design of Hydraulic StructuresCEL351: Design of Hydraulic StructuresContact Schedule
LTP 2-0-2 3 Credit coursePrerequisite – CEL251
Lect. 9 - 10 AM Venue III-339Tuesday Wednesday Friday
Design 1 - 3 PM Venue -V-317 Gr. I - ThuGr. II - Fri Gr. III - Mon Gr. IV – TueGr. V – Wed
CEL351: Design of Hydraulic StructuresCEL351: Design of Hydraulic Structures
GRADING CRITERIA
The weightage likely to be asg g y
20% Minor I 20% Minor II 40% Major 20% Quiz/ Assignment/ Design Class20% Quiz/ Assignment/ Design Class
Attendance
CEL351: Design of Hydraulic StructuresCEL351: Design of Hydraulic Structures
COURSE Contents
1. Introduction2. Gravity Dams – Site selection, Forces,
Stability analysis.y y3. Diversion Works – Weirs and Barrages4 Head Regulators and Cross regulators4. Head Regulators and Cross regulators 5. Canals – Design and Canal Falls.6. Cross Drainage Works
CEL351: Design of Hydraulic StructuresCEL351: Design of Hydraulic Structures
LESSON PLANL t 1 2 G it D I t d tiLecture 1,2 Gravity Dams: IntroductionLecture 3,4,5 Gravity Dams: Forces
MINOR I TESTMINOR I TEST
Lecture 6,7 Gravity Dams: Stability AnalysisLecture 8,9 Gravity Dams: Elementary & Practical
Profile
MINOR II TEST
Lecture 10-14 Diversion Works: Weir & BarragesLecture 10 14 Diversion Works: Weir & Barrages
MAJOR TEST
CEL351: Design of Hydraulic StructuresCEL351: Design of Hydraulic StructuresText Books
1. Hydraulic Structures; P. Novak, AIB Moffat, C. Nalluri, and R. N T l & F i N Y kNarayanan: Taylor & Francis, New York
2. Engineering for Dams, Vol I & Vol II; Creager, Justin and Hinds; John Wiley
3 Water Resources Engineering; JB Franzini DL Freyberg G3. Water Resources Engineering; JB Franzini, DL Freyberg, G Tchobanoglous; McGraw Hill
4. Design Textbooks in Civil Engineering – Irrigation Engineering – Vol VI –Dams; L Leliavsky; Chapman & HallDams; L Leliavsky; Chapman & Hall
5. Design of Small Dams; USBR; Oxford & IBH. 6. Fundamentals of Irrigation Engineering; Bharat Singh; Nem Chand. 7. Irrigation and Water Power Engineering; BC Punmia, BBL Pande; Laxmi
Pub. 8. Irrigation, Water Power and Water Resources Engineering; KR Arora;
Standard Pub. 9. Theory and Design of Irrigation Structures; Varshney, Gupta, Gupta; Nem
Chand.10. Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures; SK Garg; Khanna Pub.
CEL351: Design of Hydraulic StructuresCEL351: Design of Hydraulic StructuresIS Codes
IS Code 6512: Criteria for Design of Solid Gravity Dams g y
IS Code 1893: Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures
IS Code 4410 : Part 22 : 1994 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects: Part 22 Barrages & weirs
IS Code 6966 : Part 1 : 1989 Guidelines for hydraulic design of barrages and weirs: Part 1 Alluvial Reachesweirs: Part 1 Alluvial Reaches
IS Code 7349 : 1989 Guidelines for operation and maintenance of barrages and weirs
IS Code 7720 : 1991 Criteria for Investigation, Planning and Layout for Barrages and Weirs
IS Code 11130 : 1984 Criteria for Structural Design of Barrages and WeirsIS Code 11130 : 1984 Criteria for Structural Design of Barrages and Weirs
IS Code 14955 : 2001 Guidelines for Hydraulic Model Studies of Barrages and Weirs
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Why study – Hydraulic Structures?
Development of water resources of a regionRequires
ConceptionPlanningDesignDesignConstructionOperationOperation
of various facilities to utilise and control water, and to maintain water quality.
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Water Resources EngineeringU ili i fUtilisation of waterControl of waterWater quality management
Utili /N d t
Water quality management
Utilize/Need waterDomestic & Industrial usesIrrigationIrrigationPower generationNavigationgOther purposes
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONWater is controlled and regulated
Flood controlL d d iLand drainageSewerageBridgesBridges
Not cause damage to property, inconvenience to the public, or loss of life p ,
Water-quality managementWater quality managementRequired quality of water for different usesPreserve Ecological balanceContamination of Groundwater/Surface water
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONW t R d l t j t l dWater Resources development projects are planned to serve various purposes
Main PurposesDomestic & Industrial uses, IrrigationPower generation Navigation Flood controlPower generation, Navigation, Flood control
Secondary PurposesR ti l Fi h d ild lif D i t lRecreational, Fish and wild life, Drainage control, Watershed management, Sediment control, Salinity control, Pollution abatementSalinity control, Pollution abatement
Miscellaneous PurposesEmployment Accelerate development etcEmployment, Accelerate development etc
Single-purpose and Multi-purpose
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Water Resources projects – Two Main Steps
First step – How much water is available?
Knowledge of Hydrology
Precipitation – averagePrecipitation average Abstraction – LossesRunoff, Yield of basinFlood – Peak runoff Reservoir sizing – Mass curve
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Second step – How to utilise and control water?
R i i t tRequire various structureHydraulic Structures
Types of Hydraulic Structures
StorageStorageDiversionTransportationpRegulationControl
CEL351: Design of Hydraulic StructuresCEL351: Design of Hydraulic Structures
COURSE Contents
1. Introduction2. Gravity Dams – Site selection, Forces,
Stability analysis.y y3. Diversion Works – Weirs and Barrages4 Head Regulators and Cross regulators4. Head Regulators and Cross regulators 5. Canals – Design and Canal Falls.6. Cross Drainage Works
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Main source of water is Precipitation
Precipitation is not uniform over space and timePrecipitation is not uniform over space and timeMonsoon, North East, Himalaya, W. Ghat
Store water at surplus location during surplusStore water at surplus location during surplus period – Storage structures – Reservoirs
Dam and Reservoir coexistDam – solid barrier across riverReservoir – artificial lake u/p of dam
ReservoirReservoir
DamDam
Reservoir
Dam SpillwayDam Spillway
RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRS
Types of Reservoirs – Single-purpose and Multi-purpose
Storage (or conservation) reservoirsStorage (or conservation) reservoirsFlood control reservoirsMultipurpose reservoirDistribution reservoirsBalancing reservoirs
Flood Control – runoff exceeding safe capacity of river is stored in the reservoir Stored water isriver is stored in the reservoir. Stored water is released in controlled manner
Detention and Retarding g
RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRSDetention Reservoirs – regulated by GATES
Adv: More flexibility of operation and better control of outflow; Discharge from various reservoirs can be adjusted; g j
Disadv: More expensive; Possibility of human error
RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRSRetarding Reservoirs – UNGATES
Adv: Less expensive; Outflow is automatic so possibility of human error
Disadv: No flexibility of operation; Discharge from variousDisadv: No flexibility of operation; Discharge from various reservoirs may coincide – heavy flood
RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRSMultipurpose ReservoirsServe two or more purposes. In India, most of the reservoirs
are designed as multipurpose reservoirs to store water forare designed as multipurpose reservoirs to store water for irrigation and hydropower, and also to effect flood control
Distribution ReservoirsDistribution ReservoirsSmall storage reservoirs to tide over the peak demand of
water. The distribution reservoir is helpful in permitting th t k t if t It t tthe pumps to work at a uniform rate. It stores water during the period of lean demand and supplies the same during the period of high demand. As the storage is limited, it merely helps in distribution of water as per demand for a day or so and not for storing it for a long period. Distribution reservoirs are mainly used forperiod. Distribution reservoirs are mainly used for municipal water supply but rarely used for the supply of water for irrigation.
RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRSMultipurpose ReservoirsServe two or more purposes. In India, most of the reservoirs
are designed as multipurpose reservoirs to store water forare designed as multipurpose reservoirs to store water for irrigation and hydropower, and also to effect flood control
Distribution ReservoirsDistribution ReservoirsSmall storage reservoirs to tide over the peak demand of
water. The distribution reservoir is helpful in permitting th t k t if t It t tthe pumps to work at a uniform rate. It stores water during the period of lean demand and supplies the same during the period of high demand. As the storage is limited, it merely helps in distribution of water as per demand for a day or so and not for storing it for a long period. Distribution reservoirs are mainly used forperiod. Distribution reservoirs are mainly used for municipal water supply but rarely used for the supply of water for irrigation.
RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRS
Balancing ReservoirsBalancing ReservoirsA balancing reservoir is a small reservoir constructed d/s of
the main reservoir for holding water released from the i imain reservoir.
RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRS
Storage Capacity of ReservoirsStorage capacity of a reservoir depends upon the topography of g p y p p p g p y
the site and the height of dam.Engineering surveys The storage capacity and the water spread area at differentThe storage capacity and the water spread area at different
elevations can be determined from the contour map.In addition to finding out the capacity of a reservoir, the
t f th i l b d t d t icontour map of the reservoir can also be used to determine the land and property which would be submerged when the reservoir is filled upto various elevations. p
To estimate the compensation to be paid to the owners of the submerged property and land. The time schedule, according to which the areas should be evacuated as theaccording to which the areas should be evacuated, as the reservoir is gradually filled, can also be drawn..
RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRSStorage Capacity of a Reservoir
Area-Elevation Curve –from contour map Anfrom contour map An elevation-area curve is then drawn between the surface area as abscissa and the elevation as ordinate.Elevation-Capacity Curve: is determined f l ifrom elevation-area curve using diff formulae.Both the elevation-area curve and the elevation- storage curve on the same paper. Abscissa - areas and volumes - opposite directions
RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRS
Storage Capacity calculation formulae1 T id l f l1. Trapezoidal formula2. Cone formula3. Prismoidal formula 4. Storage Volume from cross-sectional areas
RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRSBasic Terms and Definitions
RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRSB i T d D fi itiBasic Terms and Definitions1. Full reservoir level (FRL): is the highest water level to which the water surface will rise during normal operating conditions. g p gAlso called the full tank level (FTL) or the normal pool level (NPL). 2 Maximum water level (MWL): is the maximum level to which2. Maximum water level (MWL): is the maximum level to which the water surface will rise when the design flood passes over the spillway. Also called the maximum pool level (MPL) or
i fl d l l (MFL)maximum flood level (MFL). 3. Minimum pool level: is the lowest level up to which the water is withdrawn from the reservoir under ordinary conditions. It corresponds to the elevation of the lowest outlet (or sluiceway) of the dam. However, in the case of a reservoir for hydroelectric power; the minimum pool level is fixed after considering thepower; the minimum pool level is fixed after considering the minimum working head required for the efficient working of turbines.
RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRSBasic Terms and Definitions4. Useful storage: volume of water stored between the full reservoir level and the minimum pool level Also known as thereservoir level and the minimum pool level. Also known as the live storage.5. Surcharge storage: is the volume of water stored above the
i ifull reservoir level upto the maximum water level. The surcharge storage is an uncontrolled storage which exists only when the river is in flood and the flood water is passing over the p gspillway. This storage is available only for the absorption of flood and it cannot be used for other purposes. 6 Dead storage: volume of water held below the minimum pool6. Dead storage: volume of water held below the minimum pool level. The dead storage is not useful, as it cannot be used for any purpose under ordinary operating conditions.
RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRSBasic Terms and Definitions
RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRSBasic Terms and DefinitionsBasic Terms and Definitions7. Bank storage: If the banks of the reservoir are porous, some water is temporarily stored by them when the reservoir is full. 8. Valley storage: The volume of water held by the natural river channel in its valley upto the top of its banks before the construction of a reservoir is called the valley storage. May be y g yimportant in flood control reservoirs. 9. Yield from a reservoir: Yield is the volume of water which can be withdrawn from a reservoir in a specified period of time Thebe withdrawn from a reservoir in a specified period of time. The yield is determined from the storage capacity of the reservoir and the mass inflow curve. 10 Safe yield (Firm yield): is the maximum quantity of water which can be supplied from a reservoir in a specified period of time during a critical dry year. Lowest recorded natural flow of g y ythe river for a number of years is taken as the critical dry period for determining the safe yield.
RESERVOIRSRESERVOIRSBasic Terms and Definitions11. Secondary yield: is the quantity of water which is available during the period of high flow in the rivers when the yield isduring the period of high flow in the rivers when the yield is more than the safe yield. It is supplied on as and when basis at the lower rates. The hydropower developed from secondary i i i iyield is sold to industries at cheaper rates.
12. Average yield: is the arithmetic average of the firm yield and the secondary yield over a long period of time. y y g p13. Design yield: is the yield adopted in the design of a reservoir. Fixed after considering the urgency of the water needs and the amount of risk involved The design yield should be such thatamount of risk involved. The design yield should be such that the demands of the consumers are reasonably met with, and at the same time, the storage required is not unduly large.