cell as a unit of life
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CELL AS A UNIT OF LIFE
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name Muhammad danial amirul b. zainuddin
Class 101
form 1
subject science
teacher Madam dewiyana bt mohmad ashari
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2.1 What is a cell?
A cell is the basic unit of life. Its size is too small to be seen with the naked
eye. We need an instrument called a microscope
to observe cells.
Onion Cell
Human Cheek Cell
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Microscope
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The functions of the microscope’s parts
part function
Eyepiece To magnify the image form by the objective lens
Objective lense To magnify the image of the object
Stage clip To hold the microscope slide in possition
Adjustment knob To get a sharper focus of the object
Diapragm To control the amount of light that entering the objective lens
Stage To support the microscope slide
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Animal cell and plant cell
Animal cell and plant cellAnimal cell and plant cell
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Similarities betweenSimilarities between Animal cellAnimal cell and and Plant cellPlant cell Have cell Membranecell Membrane - Control the movement of substances in and out of the
cell
Have nucleusnucleus - Control the activities of a cell
Have cytoplasmcytoplasm - - It’s a jelly like substance fluid filled with cell sap
(where chemical processes take place)
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Differences between Differences between Animal cellAnimal cell and and Plant cellPlant cell
Animal Cells Differences Plant Cells
Has a irregular and Small in size
The shape is big and fixbecause it has a cellwall
Without cell wall
Does not have vacuole .If it does, it will presenceIn very small size and is called vesicle
Have chloroplast whichContain chlorophyll To Absorb energy From sun and use it In the process of photosynthesis
Form the biggest part inPlant cell. Adult plantCell has many vacuole thatFilled with fluid and food
Cell wall was made up Of cellulose to protect The cell
Shape
Cell wall
Vacuole
ChloroplastDoes not have chloroplast
Contains glycogen granules
Contains starch granules (stored food that found
Cytoplasm)
Chloroplast
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2.2 unicellular and multicellular organism2.2 unicellular and multicellular organism
Organism consists of living things which include Organism consists of living things which include microscopic of animals and plants(bacteria, viruses microscopic of animals and plants(bacteria, viruses and fungus).and fungus).
A life process is a process conducted by all living A life process is a process conducted by all living things to enable them to survive in the world.things to enable them to survive in the world.
Life process conducted by multicellular organisms Life process conducted by multicellular organisms are more complex compare to a unicellular are more complex compare to a unicellular organisms.organisms.
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Unicellular organismUnicellular organism
Organism that consist of only one cell are called unicellular organism
These organisms usually live in water. Some of them such as bacteria and yeast can even live in air and human body
Amoeba yeastPleurococcus
Paramecium
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Uncellular organisms that Uncellular organisms that photosynthesisphotosynthesis Unicellular organism such as euglena and
chlamydomonas which consist of chloroplast can produce food by themselves through the process of photosynthesis
Chlamydomonas
Euglena
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Multicellular organismsMulticellular organisms Multicellular organisms are complex organisms that
made up of many cells.
Multicellular organisms have many types of different cells with its special function. This caused them to have a huge size in shape
SpirogyraSpirogyraMucorMucor
HydraHydra
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Organsation of cells in Organsation of cells in human bodyhuman body Human body is the most complex multicellular
organism. It has about 60,000 billion of cells
The cells differ by its size, shape and structure to enables it to perform a particular function
A speciallised cell is a cell that performs only one specific function in order to carry out and maintain the stability of a huge processes
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Human cells and its functionscell functions
Nerve cell Send nerve impulse to the whole body
Red blood cell Carry oxygen from lung throughout the whole body
Epithelial skin Form the outer layer of skin to protect the body surface
Sperm cell Fertilizes the ovum in sexual reproduction
Skeletal muscle cell Allow movement
Bone cell Found in bones and functions in the support system of the body
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Examples of human cellsExamples of human cells
Red blood cell
Epithelial cell
Nerve cellBone cell
Sperm cell
Skeletal muscle cell
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TissueTissue A tissue is a group of similar cells that carry out the same function.
Example:
IMAGES TISSUES FUNCTIONS
Epithelium tissue To protect the tissue beneath it
Muscle tissue Made up of muscle cells that contracts and relaxes to enable movement of body
Nervous tissue Carry massages from one part of the body to another
Connective tissue
To connect and join several tissues together for support and protect the organs and body
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OrgansOrgans When different tissues co-operate to carry out a certain
function is called an organ For example, heart is an organ formed of muscle tissues
and connective tissues that co-operate to carry out the function of blood circulation to the entire body
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There are some examples of There are some examples of human organs as shown human organs as shown below:below:
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SystemsSystems A group of different organs that co-operate
toperform a certain function of life process is known as the systems.
The body system as a whole enable human to carry out our life process normally and more efficiently.
There are 10 main systems in a human body
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Systems and its functionsSystems and its functions
Digest food and
absorb nutrient
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Circulatory SystemCirculatory System
Transport oxygen and digested food to the body.
Carries unwanted excretory materials to organs to be disposed from the body.
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Respiratory SystemRespiratory System
Inhales oxygen into the Inhales oxygen into the body and exhales body and exhales carbon dioxide out of carbon dioxide out of the body.the body.
During respiration, the During respiration, the exchange of oxygen exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide gases occur in the gases occur in the alveolus.alveolus.
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The Endocrine SystemThe Endocrine System
Coordination of Coordination of body activities, such body activities, such as digestion and as digestion and metabolismmetabolism..
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Skeletal SystemSkeletal System
Preserve the body Preserve the body shape.shape.
Provides support and Provides support and protection to internal protection to internal organs such as the organs such as the heart, lungs, and heart, lungs, and other organs.other organs.
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Muscular SystemMuscular System
Enables body Enables body movement.movement.
Muscles usually react Muscles usually react as opposing pairs to as opposing pairs to produces movement.produces movement.
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Reproduction SystemReproduction System
Produces offspring to continue the generationProduces offspring to continue the generation
MaleMaleFemaleFemale
AA BB
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Excretory SystemExcretory System
Dispose waste from the body.
Lung - Carbon dioxide and water vapour.
Skin - Urea, mineral salt, water.
Kidney – Urea, mineral salt, water.
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Nervous SystemNervous System
Co-ordinates and control all activities in the body.
Respond to the stimuli when the sensory organs receive impulses from brain.
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Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System
Body defense. Remove bacteria from
the tissue.
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OrganismsOrganisms
All systems in the body works together to perform a life process that produce an independent organism.
Cell organization allows different types of work to work more smoothly and efficiently.
simple
to
complex
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The human being-the complex The human being-the complex organismorganism Human considered to
be a complex organisms because they have various types of cell that form tissues, organs, and systems. (cell specialization).
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ConclusionConclusion
There are two types of cell that is animal cell and plant cell. The parts of animal cell are nucleus, cell membrane and cytoplasm while the parts of plant cell are cell wall, chloroplast, vacuole, and three parts more which is that part is the same with animal cell. Besides that, there are also unicellular and multicellular organisms such as amoeba, paramecium, hydra, spirogyra and etc. Lastly, our body is made up of cell, tissue, organ, system and organism.
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That’s all from me. Thank you so much. Science is very important in the world, So, just
make it as the way of your life. Learn new things everyday, gain knowledge and improve your life.