cell cycle - ms. salzburgsalzburgscience.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/4/9/25494718/cell_cycle-3.… ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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CELL CYCLE How Cells Divide
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Cell Cycle Notes 12/2/16
Catalyst: Describe what happened after the last time you scraped or cut yourself? How did your wound heal itself?
Reflection:
26L 26R
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Cell cycle
The life cycle of a cell Begins when the cell is formed
Ends when the cell divides and forms
new cells
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A cell’s DNA is organized into chromosomes
• Human cells have 46 chromosomes, organized into 23 pairs of “homologous chromosomes”
– Homologous chromosomes = chromosomes with matching information
!
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During the cell cycle, the chromosomes get copied
Once a chromosome has an identical copy of itself, the two copies are called chromatids
• The ‘sister chromatids’ are held together at the centromere:
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How do cells make more cells?
Binary fission ‘splitting into 2 parts’
• Mitosis – Process of
chromosome separation
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What happens to the cells in our bodies when they get old?
• Our bodies make new cells all the time. • These new cells replace cells that have died
and help us to grow.
In these few seconds, your body probably just made millions of new cells!
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What is the cell cycle?
• Cells have a ____ cycle called the _____ _____.
• Cells undergo a cell cycle for two reasons:
1. To __________ old and damaged cells. 2. For ___________ and development.
life cell cycle
replace growth
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The Cell Cycle
• There are ______ main stages of the cell cycle: 1. ______________
2. ______________ (PMAT)
3. _____________
three
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
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Review – The Nucleus
Which part is the nucleus?
What does it do again?
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• It is the DNA inside the nucleus that tells the cell what to do.
• The DNA inside the nucleus has the information that tells the cell what to do.
DNA
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Chromosomes
• The DNA inside the cell is organized into chromosomes.
• Since the DNA contains all the important information, it is very important that the cell makes copies of the DNA every time new cells are made!
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Back to the Cell Cycle!
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What is Mitosis?
• Mitosis is the process by which cells divide and each new cell receives a copy of the chromosomes.
• In Mitosis, two new daughter cells are made that are identical to the original cell.
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Stage 1: INTERPHASE
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1. Interphase
• The phase of a cell cycle when a cell is preparing to reproduce is called interphase.
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Interphase
During interphase: • The cell grows • The chromosomes (DNA) are copied • Other cell materials (organelles) are
copied DNA looks like spaghetti noodles
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Stage 2: Mitosis
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The Phases of Mitosis
1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase
There are 4 stages of Mitosis:
P M A T
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Phase 1 of Mitosis: PROPHASE
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A. Prophase
During prophase, the DNA becomes tightly coiled into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane around it breaks apart.
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Don’t Forget!
Chromosomes …
… are made up of DNA
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Phase 2 of Mitosis: MetaPHASE
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B. Metaphase
• The chromosomes line up at the center (equator) of the cell.
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Phase 3 of Mitosis: AnaPHASE
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C. Anaphase
• In the third phase of mitosis the chromosomes begin to separate.
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Phase 4 of Mitosis: TeLoPHASE
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D. Telophase
1. A new nuclear membrane forms around the 2 new sets of chromosomes.
2. The cell membrane starts to pinch.
At this point, mitosis is over!!
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Stage 3: Cytokinesis
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Cytokinesis
• The final phase of mitosis is when the cell membrane pinches all the way and the cytoplasm divides to form two identical daughter cells.
2 new daughter cells!
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Cell Cycle Notes 9/29/14 Catalyst: Describe what happened after the last time you scraped or cut yourself? How did your wound heal itself?
Reflection: How do cells make more cells? Explain the process in your own words.
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Interphase
Animal Plant
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Prophase
Animal Plant
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Metaphase
Animal Plant
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Anaphase
Animal Plant
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Telophase
Animal Plant
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Which Phase of Mitosis is Being
Shown?
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http://www.emints.org/ethemes/resources/S00000759.shtml
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Mitosis Lesson 11.15.05
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Which Stage of Mitosis is Shown Below?
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Which Stage of Mitosis is Shown Below?
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Review Questions
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Review Questions
1. What are the four phases of mitosis?
Interphase 1. _________ is the phase before mitosis when the cell prepares for cell division.
P_________ M_________ A_________ T_________
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
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Review Questions
3. Mitosis makes 2 _____ cells that are (circle one: same or different) from the original cell.
4. These 2 cells have the same information as the original cell because they have copies of the same _____.
new
DNA
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Review Questions
5. Put these words in the correct order: mitosis, cytokinesis, interphase
6. Every cell in your body has the (circle one: same / different) DNA.
7. Why is DNA copied during interphase?
Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis
During interphase the cell is getting ready for mitosis. The DNA has to be doubled before the cell can split apart.