cell differentiation and differential gene expression
TRANSCRIPT
1-10-17 Warm upMatching1. DNA2. Protein3. Nucleotide4. Amino acid
A. The monomers (building blocks) of nucleic acids
B. The product of the cell, coded for by genes on the DNA
C. Made up of genes; found in the nucleus
D. The monomers (building blocks) of proteins; coded for by codons in the RNA.
C B A DC B A D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HmkyuihF7JA
Gene Expression
Liver Cells
Cartilage CellsRed Blood Cells
Eye Cells
What makes cells from the same individual look different?
Do they contain different DNA?
If the DNA in every cell is the same, how is it possible to have different cell types?
Junior Beck has over 200 cell types and loves posing for Snaps.
Remember…
1. Why is the nucleus of the cell important?
2. Humans body cells have a total of ____ individual chromosomes or ___ pairs of chromosomes.
3. Genes code for ______ which are assembled on the ________
Contain DNA, directs cells activities
46
23
proteins
ribosomes
Cats have 38
chromosomes
(19 pairs)
Objective
Explain how cells are different due to differences in gene expression
Activity Prep
CUT out the karyotypes
PASTE 1 karyotype in the zygote to show what chromosomes the man inherited from his parents.
• Multicellular organisms require groups of specialized cells in order to function properly
• What are some different cell types in an animal or a plant?
Sperm + Ovum zygote
fertilization
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zygote
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Draw this
So…
Cells in the embryo begin as stem cells After about 7-10 days the cells begin to differentiate into different cell types
Muscle cellsNerve cellsBone cellsSkin cells…
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• So if every cell in our body has the same genetic code, how do they become different from each other?
Practice
GLUE 1 karyotype into each box to represent that every cell in our body has the same genetic code
CFU: Cell Differentiation Videorandom selection/ complete sentence
1. How is it possible to develop great diversity of different types of cells in any multi-cellular body?
2. The body has approximately _____ cell types.
3. Stem cells can develop into ______kinds of cells.
4. ____ control the differences among cells.
5. All of these complicated processes are a part of the ___ of each organism.
Word bank:•Different•Genes•Genetic code•260•Gene regulation
Cell Differentiation: 1:30 Stop at Human Genome
CFU: Cell Differentiation Videorandom selection/ complete sentence
1. How is it possible to develop great diversity of different types of cells in any multi-cellular body?
2. The body has approximately _____ cell types.
3. Stem cells can develop into ______kinds of cells.
4. ____ control the differences among cells.
5. All of these complicated processes are a part of the ___ of each organism.
Word bank:•Different•Genes•Genetic code•260•Gene regulation
Different cell types EXPRESS different genes in the DNA code
Renin is produced by kidney cells
Keratin is produced by cells skin
Myosin is produced by muscle cells
Hemoglobin is produced by the red blood cells
Amylase is produced by saliva gland cells
Words in green indicate proteins
Stomach cells produce the protein PEPSIN
Kidney cells produce RENIN
Eye cells produce the protein CRYSTALLIN
Muscle cells produce the protein ACTIN
Intestinal cells produce the protein TRYPSIN
Now write in the protein name and highlight the chromosome that has the gene for that protein
actin
crystallin
pepsin
renin
trypsin
Gene expression = the DNA is used to make mRNA which is then used to build the protein that gene codes for
DNA mRNA amino acids
protein
Recap
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1. Cells start out the same
2. Early in development they differentiate into different cell types
3. Different cells express different genes
How do cells know which genes to express?
• Heterochromatin – DNA that is not expressed is packed very tightly
• Euchromatin – DNA that will be expressed is packaged more loosely
So…What makes cells from the same individual look different?Do different cells contain different DNA? If the DNA in every cell is the same, how is it possible to have different cell types?
Explain how this cat can have hundreds of different cell types that all contain the same DNA .
This is Malfoy Beck
DNA replication model Work with a partner to:
Create a model of DNA during replication
Include: Deoxyribose/phosphate
backbone A-T and G-C
Semiconservative nature of replication Original parent DNA New DNA