cell division vocabulary. mitosis part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus...
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Cell Division Vocabulary
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Mitosis Part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
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Meiosis The process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
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Meiosis I Includes prophase I, metaphase I, and anaphase I. It results in the formation of two haploid cells
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Meiosis IIIncludes prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II and telophase II. The final product is four haploid cells
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InterphaseThe period of the cell cycle between cell divisions
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ProphaseThe first and longest phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus
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MetaphaseThe second phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
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AnaphaseThe third phase of mitosis during which the chromosome pairs separate and move towards opposite sides of the cell
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TelophaseThe fourth and final phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material
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Cell divisionThe process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells.
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G1 phaseA period of activity in which the cells do most of their growing. During this phase, cells increase in size and synthesize new proteins and organelles.
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S phaseComes after G1, it is when chromosomes are replicated and the synthesis of DNA molecules takes place
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G2 phase The shortest phase of interphase, it is when many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced.
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Gamete A sex cell
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OocyteAn immature egg cell
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SpermThe male reproductive cell
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Segregation Separation of alleles during gamete formation
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Homologous Chromosomes that have corresponding chromosomes from the opposite sex parent.
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Cell cycleA series of events cells go through as they grow and divide
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DNANucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose
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SpindleFanlike microtubule structure that helps separate chromosomes during mitosis
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CentrioleOne of the two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope
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ChromosomeA threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next
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CancerDisorder in which some of the body’s own cells lose the ability to control growth
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Crossing-overProcess in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis.
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DiploidA cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
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HaploidA cell that only contains a single set of chromosomes
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TetradA structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis
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ChromatidsOne of the two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome
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CentromereArea where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
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CytokinesisDivision of cytoplasm during cell division.
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2NDiploid daughter cells
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N Haploid cells