cell membranes including: diffusion osmosis facilitated diffusion active transport endo-, pino-, and...
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Cell Membranes
Including:DiffusionOsmosis
Facilitated DiffusionActive Transport
Endo-, Pino-, and Exo- cytosis
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Cell Membrane• Also called the plasma membrane, or
"phospholipid bilayer" • Is a selectively permeable lipid bilayer
found in all cells. – Selectively permeable means some
molecules are allowed to go through and some are not.
• It contains a wide variety of biological molecules, primarily proteins and lipids, which are involved in a vast array of cellular processes
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Phospholipids… …are like fats except it has a phosphate
group in place of the fatty acid. This means that phospholipids have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail and this is important because phospholipids self assemble in water into a bi-layer.
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Fluid Mosaic Model
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Diffusion
• The process bywhich molecules spread from areas ofhigh concentration, to areas of low
concentration.• No energy is required • When the molecules are even
throughout a space - it is called EQUILIBRIUM
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Diffusion across a membrane
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Osmosis• Osmosis is the
diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane down its concentration gradient
• From an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
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Osmotic Pressure
The pressure required to prevent the passage of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of low concentration of solutes to one of higher concentration, by osmosis.
Cell walls create this pressure this prevents plant cells from breaking
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Isotonic Solution
• A solution that has the same salt concentration as the normal cells of the body and the blood.
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Hypertonic Solution
• A solution with a higher salt concentration than in normal cells of the body and the blood
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Hypotonic Solution
• A solution with a lower salt concentration than in normal cells of the body and the blood.
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Facilitated Diffusion…
…is the spontaneous passage of molecules or ions across a biological membrane passing through specific membrane transport proteins.
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Active transport…
– requires energy – Uses membrane proteins – Goes from area of low concentration
to an area of high concentration
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Endocytosis……is the process by which cells absorb material (molecules such as proteins) from outside the cell by engulfing it with their cell membrane
• Two Types – Pinocytosis – Phagocytosis
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Pinocytosis
• Movement of liquids into the cell
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Phagocytosis… movement of solids into the cell
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Exocytosis• …is a cellular process where cells
eject waste products or chemical transmitters (such as hormones) from the interior of the cell.
• Exocytosis is similar in function to Endocytosis but works in the opposite direction.