cell organelles © j beauchemin 2006. the flush of a toilet can send a spray 7 meters. where is your...
TRANSCRIPT
The flush of a toilet can send a spray 7 The flush of a toilet can send a spray 7 meters. meters.
Where is your toothbrush??Where is your toothbrush??
Cell TheoryCell Theory
-All living things are made of cells.-All living things are made of cells.
-Cells are the basic units of “structure -Cells are the basic units of “structure and function” in organisms. (and function” in organisms. (What What
does does this mean?!!)this mean?!!)
-New cells are made from existing -New cells are made from existing cellscells
There are two main types of There are two main types of cells:cells:
prokaryoticprokaryotic
eukaryoticeukaryotic
ProkaryoticProkaryotic EukaryoticEukaryoticcells: cells: cells:cells:
Genetic material is not Genetic material is not in a nucleus.in a nucleus.
Usually smallerUsually smaller
Simpler (fewer Simpler (fewer organelles with fewer organelles with fewer functions)functions)
BacteriaBacteria
Have a nucleus that Have a nucleus that contains genetic contains genetic material.material.
Generally largerGenerally larger
Contain many Contain many organellesorganelles
Found in all living things Found in all living things other than bacteriaother than bacteria
Cell OrganellesCell OrganellesOrganelleOrganelle= “little = “little organ”organ”
Everything in a cell Everything in a cell except the nucleus is except the nucleus is cytoplasmcytoplasm
Cell MembraneCell Membrane
Surrounds the cytoplasm and holds the Surrounds the cytoplasm and holds the shape of the cellshape of the cell
Protects the cellProtects the cell
Allows certain material to pass throughAllows certain material to pass through
(selectively permeable)(selectively permeable)
NucleusNucleusControl center of a Control center of a eukaryotic celleukaryotic cell
Contains Contains DNA and DNA and RNARNA
Surrounded by a Surrounded by a double membranedouble membrane
Usually the easiest Usually the easiest organelle to see under organelle to see under a microscopea microscope
Usually one per cellUsually one per cell
Nucleolus Nucleolus
Inside the nucleus is a small Inside the nucleus is a small ball called the ball called the nucleolusnucleolus..
Ribosomes are made here.Ribosomes are made here.
CytoskeletonCytoskeletonActs as Acts as skeletonskeleton and and musclemuscle
Provides shape and Provides shape and structurestructure
Helps move Helps move organelles around the organelles around the cellcell
Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum““ER”ER”Connected to nuclear Connected to nuclear membranemembraneHighway of the cellHighway of the cellRough ERRough ER: studded with : studded with ribosomes; it makes ribosomes; it makes proteins and delivers proteins and delivers them to Golgi Apparatusthem to Golgi ApparatusSmooth ERSmooth ER: no : no ribosomes; it makes ribosomes; it makes lipids; carries proteinslipids; carries proteins
RibosomeRibosomeWhere protein is Where protein is mademade
Found attached to Found attached to rough ER or floating rough ER or floating free in cytoplasmfree in cytoplasm
Produced in a part of Produced in a part of the nucleus called the the nucleus called the nucleolusnucleolus
Golgi ApparatusGolgi ApparatusLooks like a stack of Looks like a stack of platesplates
Stores and packages Stores and packages proteinsproteins
Carries particles in Carries particles in vesicles vesicles (little sacks or (little sacks or bubbles) bubbles)
Vesicles Vesicles will pinch off will pinch off the ends.the ends.
LysosomesLysosomesGarbage disposal of Garbage disposal of the cell (cannibals)the cell (cannibals)
Sack filled with Sack filled with enzymes that break enzymes that break down wastesdown wastes
Enzymes may Enzymes may destroy the cell, destroy the cell, recycle material, recycle material, fuse with food fuse with food vacuoles to digest vacuoles to digest the food in single the food in single celled organisms. celled organisms.
Which organelles do lysosomes work with?
MitochondriaMitochondria““Powerhouse of the Powerhouse of the cell”cell”Cellular respirationCellular respiration occurs here to release occurs here to release energy for the cell to energy for the cell to useuseHas its own strand of Has its own strand of DNADNA
ChloroplastChloroplastFound only in plant Found only in plant cellscells
Contains the green Contains the green pigment pigment chlorophyllchlorophyll
Site of photosynthesis Site of photosynthesis ( (glucoseglucose production) production)
Cell WallCell WallFound in Found in plant, plant, bacterial, fungi and bacterial, fungi and some protistasome protista cells cells
Rigid, protective Rigid, protective barrierbarrier
Located Located outsideoutside of the of the cell membranecell membrane
VacuolesVacuolesLarge Large centralcentral vacuole vacuole usually in usually in plantplant cells cells
Many smaller Many smaller vacuoles in vacuoles in animalanimal cellscells
Storage container for Storage container for water, food, enzymes, water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc.wastes, pigments, etc.
What type of microscope may have been used to take this picture?
CentrioleCentrioleAids in cell divisionAids in cell division
Found only in animal Found only in animal cellscells
Made of microtubulesMade of microtubules
Quick ReviewQuick ReviewWhich organelle is the control center of the cell? Which organelle is the control center of the cell? NucleusNucleus
Which organelle holds the cell together?Which organelle holds the cell together?Cell membraneCell membrane
Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplastsCell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
Which organelle helps plant cells make food?Which organelle helps plant cells make food?ChloroplastsChloroplasts
What does E.R. stand for?What does E.R. stand for?Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulum