cell parts
DESCRIPTION
Cell Parts. Group 6 : Lee Longley, Kathie Jiang, Cooper Schulz, Galia Shakked. Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis. Cellular Respiration. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 → 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + Energy - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Cell Parts
Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
Group 6: Lee Longley, Kathie Jiang, Cooper Schulz, Galia Shakked
Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6
CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy
Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
Anaerobic Respiration Does not require oxygen Occurs in cytoplasm Includes glycolysis and fermentation
Glycolysis Process in which one molecule of glucose
is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid and a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.
Input: Glucose Output: 2 ATP, 2 pyruvates
Fermentation Fermentation releases energy from food
molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen.
Input: pyruvates Output: ethyl alcohol/lactic acid,
CO2,NAD+ Alcoholic Fermentation:
pyruvic acid + NADH → Alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ Lactic Acid Fermentation:
pyruvic acid + NADH → lactic acid + NAD+
Aerobic Respiration Requires oxygen Takes place in mitochondria Includes Krebs Cycle (citric acid cycle)
and Electron Transport Chain
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) During the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid is
broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions. It occurs in the matrix of mitochondria.
Input: 2 pyruvates Output: 4 CO2 , 2 ATP, some NADH,
FADH
Electron Transport System (Chain)
The electron transport system uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP to ATP. It occurs in the cristae of the mitochondria, and produces the most ATP.
Net gain: 32 ATP Input: 6O2
Output: 6H2O (including glycolysis [2 ATP] + Krebs cycle [2 ATP]: 36 ATP)
Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the process of using
the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high energy carbohydrates and oxygen.
Photosynthesis is only used by light dependent plants and other photosynthetic eukaryotes. It is their main source of energy.
Where Photosynthesis Occurs Photosynthesis occurs in the cells
chloroplasts. They contain saclike photosynthetic membranes called thylakoids. These are arranged in stacks called grana and absorb water and the energy from the sun to output oxygen, ATP, and NADPH. The oxygen is released from the cell, and the energy is then used for the Calvin Cycle.
Calvin Cycle After energy from the chloroplasts is
made, it is then used in the Calvin Cycle to produce high-energy sugars. The ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds that can store more energy for a longer period of time.
Input: 6CO2, 12 ATP, 12 NADPH Output: Two 3-Carbon molecules
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
A shortage of water can slow or stop photosynthesis
Photosynthesis depends on enzymes that function best at temperatures between 0C and 35C
The intensity of light also affects the rate of photosynthesis. A higher intensity increases the rate, but eventually levels off at the plants maximum rate of photosynthesis
Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration
Where Chloroplasts MitochondriaWhen Presence of light All the TimeInput CO2, H2O Glucose & O2
Output Glucose & O2 CO2, H2O
Energy Source Light Chemical BondsEnergy Result Energy Stored Energy ReleasedAnimal or Plant? Plants only Both
Energy Storage Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the main
chemical compound that stores and releases energy. It consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups
PhosphateRibose
Adenine
ATP and ADP Energy To release energy, ATP breaks off one
phosphate group. ADP is ATP with one less phosphate group, and has less energy than ATP. Cells only have enough ATP for a few seconds of activity, as it stores very little energy.
Question Time!
1. What is the principal pigment in plants?
A.ChlorophyllB.ChloroplastsC.ChloroformD.Biomass
2. Where do light-dependent reactions occur?
A.ChloroplastsB.Cell WallC.ChlorophyllD.Cytoplasm
3. What are the inputs of the Calvin Cycle?
A. ATP and NADPHB. SunlightC. OxygenD. Ozone
4. What is a calorie?A. The amount of energy needed to raise
the temperature of 100 grams of water 50 degrees Celsius.
B. Bad for your health.C. A chemical compound that stores and
releases energy. D. The amount of energy needed to raise
the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.
5. What are the inputs of Glycolysis?
A. Pyruvic AcidB. ATPC. GlucoseD. Noodles
6. Which of the following is not a part of a mitochondrion?
A. MatrixB. CristaeC. Inner MembraneD. Granum
7. Which of these doesn’t perform cellular respiration?
A. Polar bearB. A shipC. TurtlesD. Panda
8. The Krebs Cycle takes place in the…
A. AtmosphereB. MatrixC. StoveD. Cristae
9. What makes the most ATP?
A. Cellular RespirationB. PhotosynthesisC. Electron Transport SystemD. Monsters, Inc.
10. Which of the following is not an example of fermentation?
A. KimchiB. AlcoholC. Bread YeastD. Tomatoes
Answers!1. A.2. A.3. A.4. D.5. C.6. D.7. B.8. B.9. C.10. D.