cell parts and functions 1590- invention of the microscope made it possible to look at very small...
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Cell Parts and Functions
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• 1590- invention of the microscope made it possible to look at very small objects (Janssen)
• 1663- Robert Hooke observed cells in a piece of cork.
• 1674 Leeuwenhoek viewed single celled organisms from a pond and observed the first bacteria.
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• 1838 Schleiden, a German scientist, concluded that all plants are made from cells
• 1839 Schwann, a German scientist concluded that all animals are made from cells
• 1855 Virchow proposed that all new cells come from cells that already exist.
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Cell Theory
• All living things are composed of cells.
• Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
• All cells are produced from other cells.
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Structure
• Structure- what it is made of and how it is put together. – Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems– Brain cell, brain tissue, brain, nervous system– Different organs work together to form an
organ system (brain, spinal cord, nerves, glands, muscles)
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Function• Function- are processes that allow an
organism to stay alive and reproduce.– Obtaining oxygen, getting rid of waste,
obtaining food, growth– Organs and organ systems work together to
accomplish different functions.– Your respiratory system works to bring in
oxygen while it is the circulatory system that distributes the oxygen to all the cells in the body.
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How Big are Cells?
• One square centimeter of your skin contains more than 100,000 cells.
• Are all cells the same size?
• http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/
• Are all cells the same size?
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Cell Membrane• “Gatekeeper” of cell• Has pores in it• Controls the movement of
material• 3 layers – fat layer between
two proteins
Cell membrane is like a guard.
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Cytoplasm
• Most of the cell
• Where cell materials are produced
• Made of a jellylike substance
Cytoplasm is like the factory building
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Nucleus
• Controls cell activity
• The “Brains” of the cell
The Nucleus is like the Boss’ office
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Nuclear Membrane
• Same make up as the cell membrane
• Controls movement of materials into the nucleus
The Nuclear Membrane is like the boss’ secretary
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Nucleolus
• Where the genetic material (DNA) is housed
The Nucleolus is like the boss
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Mitochondrion
• The “Powerhouse of the cell
• Involved in changes that release energy for the cell
Mitochondria are like the power plants of the cell.
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Ribosomes• Proteins are made
there
Ribosomes are like the stations on an assembly line.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum• Network of tubes
that connect the cell and nuclear membrane.
• Moves materials through the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum is like an assembly line.
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Vacuole• Holds water and
dissolved materials
A vacuole is like the warehouse
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Golgi body• Where the proteins
are packaged
The Golgi body is like the final inspection station/wrapping department
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Lysosomes• The “Garbagemen” of the
cell• Digests harmful substance
and cleans the cell
The lysosomes are like the custodians
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Cell wall• Nonliving layer
surrounding the cell membrane
• Provides shape and support
• Found only in plants
The cell wall is like the outer fence.
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Chloroplasts• Contains
chlorophyll
• Found mostly in leaves
• Used by the plant to make food
The chloroplasts are like the cafeteria.
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The End