A Seminar Report On

‘CELL PHONE OPERATED ROBOT’

Submitted to the Faculty of Engineering

In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Degree of

Third Year of Engineering

In

Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

SUBMITTED BY:

CHIRAG VADGAMAJAYDIP ROLA

VAIBHAV KAPADIA

Under the Guidance of Prof. K. V. JOSHI

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering and Management, Wagholi, Pune

Academic Year 2011-12

G. H. RAISONI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT

WAGHOLI, PUNE

CERTIFICATE

This is certified that Mr Chirag Vadgama, Mr Jaydip Rola, Mr Vaibhav

Kapadia has successfully completed project work entitled “CELL PHONE

OPERATED ROBOT” in the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the

degree of THIRD YEAR OF ENGINEERING (ELECTRONICS AND

TELECOMMUNICATION) of Pune University.

The matter embodied in this project report is the record of the own independent

work carried out by them under my supervision and guidance. The matter embodied in

this report has not been submitted for any award of any Degree of Diploma.

PROF. KAVITA JOSHI PROF. P.N.MATTE DR D.D. SHAH

Project Guide H.O.D (E&TC) Principal

ABSTRACT

Conventionally, wireless controlled robots user circuits, which have a drawback of

limited working range, limited frequency range and limited control. Use of mobile phones for robotic

control can overcome these limitations. It provides the advantages of robust control, working range as

large as the coverage area of the service provider, no interference with other controllers and up to twelve

controls.

Although, the apperanceand capabilities of robot vary vastly, all robots share the feature

of a mechanical, movables structure under some form of control. The control of robot involves three

distant phases: perception, processing, action. Generally, the preceptors are sensors mounted on the

robot, processing is done by the on board microcontroller and the task is performed using motors or with

some other actuators.

In the project the robot is controlled by a mobile phone that makes a call to the mobile

phone attached to the robot. In the course of a call, if any button is pressed a tone corresponding to the

button pressed is heard at the other end called ‘Dual Tone Multiple frequency’ (DTMF) tone. The robot

receives these tones with help of phone stacked in the robot. The received tone is processed by the

microcontroller with the help of DTMF decoder IC HT 9170B .these IC sends a signals to the motor

driver ic l293d which derives the motor forward, turn left-right…etc.

INDEX

I List of Figures II

II List of Tables III

III Acknowledgement IV

1. Introduction 1

2. Literature Survey 3

3. System Development

3.1 Block Diagram 9

3.2 Circuit Diagrams 10

3.3 Circuit Description 12

3.4 PCB Layout 24

3.5 Flowchart For DC Motor Movement Through Microcontroller 25

. 3.6 Software Used 26

4. Result 27

5. Conclusion

5.1 Applications 30

5.2 Advantages 32

5.3 Disadvantages 32

5.4 Future Improvement & Futrue Scope 33

6. References 34

7. Datasheets 36

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 A DTMF Cell Phone Keypad 6

Figure 3.1 Block Diagram Of Cell Phone Operated Robot 9

Figure 3.2 Circuit Diagram Of Microcontroller 8051 Board 10

Figure 3.3 L293d DC Motor Driver IC Schematic 11

Figure 3.4 HT 9170B Decoder IC Schematic 11

Figure 3.5 Block Diagram Of Power Supply 12

Figure 3.6 Circuit Diagram Of LM 7805 Voltage Stabilizer 13

Figure 3.7 Connecting A Resonator Onto Microcontroller 14

Figure 3.8 Signal Of An Oscillator Clock 15

Figure 3.9 Block Diagram Of Microcontroller 17

Figure 3.10 Pin Diagram Of P89V51RD2FN 17

Figure 3.11 DTMF Decoder Chip (HT9170B) 20

Figure 3.12 Structure Of H-bridge 22

Figure 3.13 PCB Layout of Microcontroller Board 24

Figure 3.14 PCB Layout of L293d Motor Driver Circuit 24

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 DTMF Keypad Frequencies (With Sound Clips) 6

Table 2.2 DTMF Event Frequencies 6

Table 3.1 DTMF Selected Frequencies 21

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We feel profound pleasure in bringing out this projects report for which we have to go

from pillar to post to make it a reality. This project work reflects contributions of many people with

whom we had long discussions and without which it would not have been possible. We must first of all,

express our heartiest gratitude to respected Ms. Kavita Joshi of Dept of Electronics &

Telecommunication for providing us all required guidance to complete project.

It would be unfair if we do not mention the invaluable contribution and timely co-

operation extended to us by staff member of our department. And especially we can never forget the

most worthy advices given by Mr.Pravin matte (H.O.D., Dept of E & TC), that would help us the

entire lifetime.

Last but not the least we express our sincere thanks to the institute G.H.Raisoni

collage of engineering & management, Wagholi, Pune for providing such a platform for implementing

the ideas in our mind.

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Radio control (often abbreviated to R/C or simply RC) is the use of radio signals to

remotely control a device. The term is used frequently to refer to the control of model vehicles from a

hand-held radio transmitter. Industrial, military, and scientific research organizations make [traffic] use

of radio-controlled vehicles as well.

A control vehicle is defined as any mobile device that is controlled by a means that does

not restrict its motion with an origin external to the device. This is often a radio control device, cable

between control and vehicle, or an infrared controller. A remote control vehicle (Also called as RCV)

differs from a robot in that the RCV is always controlled by a human and takes no positive action

autonomously.

One of the key technologies which underpin this field is that of remote vehicle control. It

is vital that a vehicle should be capable of proceeding accurately to a target area; maneuvering within

that area to fulfill its mission and returning equally accurately and safely to base.

Recently, Sony Ericsson released a remote control car that could be controlled by any

Bluetooth cell phone. Radio is the most popular because it does not require the vehicle to be limited by

the length of the cable or in a direct line of sight with the controller (as with the infrared set-up).

Bluetooth is still too expensive and short range to be commercially viable.

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Use Of First Remote Control Vehicle – Precision Guided Weapon

This propeller-driven radio controlled boat, built by Nikola Tesla in 1898, is the original

prototype of all modern-day uninhabited aerial vehicles and precision guided weapons. In fact, all

remotely operated vehicles in air, land or sea. Powered by lead-acid batteries and an electric drive

motor, the vessel was designed to be maneuvered alongside a target using instructions received from a

wireless remote control transmitter. Once in position, a command would be sent to detonate an explosive

charge contained within the boat’s forward compartment. The weapon’s guidance system incorporated a

secure communications link between the pilot’s controller and the surface-running torpedo in an effort to

assure that control could be maintained even in the presence of electronic countermeasures. To learn

more about Tesla’s system for secure wireless communications and his pioneering implementation of

the electronic logic-gate circuit read ‘Nikola Tesla-Guided Weapons & Computer Technology’, Tesla

Presents Series Part 3, with commentary by Leland Anderson.

2.2 Use Of Remote Controlled Vehicles During World War II

During World War II in the European Theater the U.S. Air Force experimented with three

basic forms radio- control guided weapons. In each case, the weapon would be directed to its target by a

crew member on a control plane. The first weapon was essentially a standard bomb fitted with steering

controls. The next evolution involved the fitting of a bomb to a glider airframe, one version, the GB-4

having a TV camera to assist the controller with targeting. The third class of guided weapon was the

remote controlled B-17.

It’s known that Germany deployed a number of more advanced guided strike weapons

that saw combat before either the V-1 or V-2. They were the radio-controlled Herschel’s Hs 293A and

Ruhrstahl’s SD1400X, known as ’Fritz X,’ both air-launched, primarily against ships at sea.

2.3 Dual Tone Multiple Frequency (DTMF)

Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling is used for telecommunication signaling

over analog telephone lines in the voice-frequency band between telephone handsets and other

communications devices and the switching center. The version of DTMF used for telephone tone dialing

is known by the trademarked term Touch-Tone (canceled March 13, 1984), and is standardized by ITU-

T Recommendation Q.23. It is also known in the UK as MF4. Other multi-frequency systems are used

for signaling internal to the telephone network.

As a method of in-band signaling, DTMF tones were also used by cable television

broadcasters to indicate the start and stop times of local commercial insertion points during station

breaks for the benefit of cable companies. Until better out-of-band signaling equipment was developed

in the 1990s, fast, unacknowledged, and loud DTMF tone sequences could be heard during the

commercial breaks of cable channels in the United States and elsewhere.

2.4 Cell Phone Keypad

The contemporary keypad is laid out in a 3x4 grid, although the original DTMF keypad had an

additional column for four now-defunct menu selector keys. When used to dial a telephone number,

pressing a single key will produce a pitch consisting of two simultaneous pure tone sinusoidal

frequencies. The row in which the key appears determines the low frequency, and the column

determines the high frequency. For example, pressing the ‘1’ key will result in a sound composed of

both a 697 and a 1209 hertz (Hz) tone. The original keypads had levers inside, so each button activated

two contacts. The multiple tones are the reason for calling the system multi frequency. These tones are

then decoded by the switching center to determine which key was pressed.

Figure 2.1 A DTMF Cell Phone Keypad

1209 Hz 1336 Hz 1477 Hz 1633 Hz

697 Hz 1 2 3 A

770 Hz 4 5 6 B

852 Hz 7 8 9 C

941 Hz * 0 # D

Table 2.1 DTMF Keypad Frequencies (With Sound Clips)

Event Low Freq. High Freq.

Busy Signal 480 Hz 620 Hz

Dial Tone 350 Hz 440 Hz

Ringback Tone(US) 440 Hz 480 Hz

Table 2.2 DTMF Event Frequencies

2.5 Tones #, *, A, B, C, & D

The engineers had envisioned phones being used to access computers, and surveyed a

number of companies to see what they would need for this role. This led to the addition of the number

sign (#, sometimes called ‘octothorpe’ in this context) and asterisk or ’star’ (*) keys as well as a group

of keys for menu selection: A, B, C and D. In the end, the lettered keys were dropped from most phones,

and it was many years before these keys became widely used for vertical service codes such as *67 in

the United States and Canada to suppress caller ID.

The U.S. military also used the letters, relabeled, in their now defunct Autovon phone

system. Here they were used before dialing the phone in order to give some calls priority, cutting in over

existing calls if need be. The idea was to allow important traffic to get through every time. The levels of

priority available were Flash Override (A), Flash (B), Immediate (C), and Priority (D), with Flash

Override being the highest priority.

CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

3.1 Block Diagram

Figure 3.1 Block Diagram Of Cell Phone Operated Robot

3.1.1 Description

As shown in the above block diagram, fi is the Cell Phone. So, it acts as a DTMF

generator with tone depending upon key pressed. DTMF Decoder, i.e., IC HT 9170B decodes the

Received tone & microcontroller. The controller appropriate output is given to Motor Driver IC

L293D which will drive the two DC Motors connected to it. The concept used for driving is

‘Differential Drive’. So, ultimately the two motors rotate according to the key pressed on the

keypad of the cellphone.

3.2 Circuit Diagram

Figure 3.2 Circuit Diagram Of Microcontroller 8051 Board

Figure 3.3 L293d DC Motor Driver IC Schematic

Figure 3.4 HT 9170B Decoder IC Schematic

3.3 Circuit Description

3.3.1 Power Supply

Generally speaking, the correct voltage supply is of utmost importance for the

proper functioning of the microcontroller system. For a proper function of any microcontroller, it

is necessary to provide a stable source of supply. According to technical specifications by the

manufacturer of 8051 microcontroller, the power supply voltage should move between 2.0V to

6.0V in all versions. A power supply can be broken down into a series of blocks (Figure 3.3),

each of which performs a particular function. For example a 5V regulated supply.

A power supply can be broken down into a series of blocks fig (3.5) , each of

which performs a particular function. For example a 5V regulated supply.

Figure 3.5 Block Diagram Of Power Supply

Each of the blocks performs the following:

• Transformer- steps down high voltage AC mains to low voltage AC.

• Rectifier - converts AC to DC, but the DC output is varying.

• Smoothing - smoothes the DC from varying greatly to a small ripple.

• Regulator - eliminates ripple by setting DC output to a fixed voltage.

Power supplies made from these blocks are described below (Fig 3.6) with a

circuit diagram. The simplest solution to the source of supply is using the voltage stabilizer

LM7805 which gives stable +5V on its output.

Figure 3.6 Circuit Diagram Of LM 7805 Voltage Stabilizer

In order to function properly, or in order to have stable 5V at the output on pin 3,

input voltage on pin 1 of LM7805 should be between 7V through 24V. Depending on current

consumption of the device, the appropriate type of voltage stabilizer is LM7805.

3.3.2 Connecting The Reset Push Button

Reset is used for putting the microcontroller into a “known” condition. That

practically means that the microcontroller can behave rather inaccurately under certain

undesirable conditions. In order to continue its proper functioning it has to be reset, meaning all

registers would be placed in a starting position. Reset is not only used when the microcontroller

does not behave properly but can also be used when trying out a device as an interrupt in

program execution, or to get a microcontroller ready when loading a program. It is connected to

pin 9 of microcontroller.

3.3.3 Connecting To A Computer Via Max 232 Interface Chip

Serial Communication Interface is a special subsystem, it exists on most

microcontrollers. In order to connect a microcontroller to a serial port on a computer, the level of

the signals must be adjusted so that communication can take place.

The signal level on a computer is -10 V for logic zero, and +10V for logic one.

Since the signal level on the microcontroller is +5V for logic one and 0V for logic zero, an

intermediary stage is needed in order to convert the levels. One chip specially designed for this

task is MAX232. This chip receives signals from -10 to +10V and converts them into 0 and 5V.

3.3.4 Connecting Clock Generator-Oscillator

Oscillator circuit is used for providing the microcontroller with a clock. The clock

is needed so that microcontroller could execute a program or program instructions. Oscillator and

capacitors can be packed in joint case with three pins. Such element is called a ceramic resonator.

Figure 3.7 Connecting A Resonator Onto Microcontroller

In Fig. c, the center pin of the element is the ground, while the other two end pins

are connected with OSC1 and OSC2 pins on the microcontroller. When designing a device, the

rule is to place the oscillator near the microcontroller as much as possible in order to avoid any

interference on the lines on which the microcontroller is receiving the clock on.

Figure 3.8 Signal Of An Oscillator Clock

When the microcontroller is on, the oscillator starts oscillating. At first, the oscillation

has an unstable period and amplitude, but after some period of time it becomes stabilized. To

prevent such inaccurate clock from influencing microcontroller's performance, the

microcontroller must be kept in the reset state during stabilization of oscillator’s clock. Figure 3.8

shows a typical shape of a signal which microcontroller gets from the quartz oscillator.

3.3.5 Microcontroller Description

Any device that has a remote control almost certainly contains a microcontroller.

Basically, any device that interacts with its user has a microcontroller buried inside. A

microcontroller is a highly integrated chip that contains all the components comprising a

controller. Typically, this includes a CPU, RAM, some form of ROM, I/O ports, and timers.

Unlike a general-purpose computer, which also includes all of these components, a

microcontroller is designed for a very specific task – to control a particular system. As a result,

the parts can be simplified and reduced, which cuts down on production costs. Microcontrollers

are sometimes called embedded microcontrollers, which just mean that they are part of an

embedded system – that is, one part of a larger device or system.

3.3.5.1 Selection Criteria For Microcontroller

The P89V51RD2 are 80C51 microcontrollers with 64 kB flash and 1024 B of data

RAM.

A key feature of the P89V51RD2 is its X2 mode option. The design engineer can

choose to run the application with the conventional 80C51 clock rate (12 clocks

per machine cycle) or select the X2 mode (six clocks per machine cycle) to

achieve twice the throughput at the same clock frequency. Another way to benefit

from this feature is to keep the same performance by reducing the clock frequency

by half, thus dramatically reducing the EMI.

The flash program memory supports both parallel programming and in serial ISP.

Parallel programming mode offers gang-programming at high speed, reducing

programming costs and time to market. In-System programming allows a device

to be reprogrammed in the end product under software control. The capability to

field/update the application firmware makes a wide range of applications possible.

The P89V51RD2 is also capable of In-Application Programming, allowing the

flash program memory to be reconfigured even while the application is running.

Figure 3.9 Block Diagram Of Microcontroller

Figure 3.10 Pin Diagram Of P89V51RD2FN

3.3.5.2 Pin Description

The blue pins are ports (input/output). Since there are many extra functions in this

microcontroller, some pins can be used for several purposes. Some pins can be

used as inputs to an internal AD and some pins can be connected to an internal

counter etc.

The two green pins should be connected to a crystal to obtain an internal clock

signal.

The yellow ones are for power supply.

The red one is the reset input which will reset the circuit.

EA must be connected to VSS in order to enable the device to fetch code from the

external program memory. EA must be strapped to VDD for internal program

execution. The EA pin can tolerate a high voltage of 12 V.

ALE is the output signal for latching the low byte of the address during an access

to external memory. This pin is also the programming pulse input (PROG) for

flash programming. Normally the ALE[1] is emitted at a constant rate of 1⁄6 the

crystal frequency[2] and can be used for external timing and clocking. One ALE

pulse is skipped during each access to external data memory.

PSEN is the read strobe for external program memory. When the device is

executing from internal program memory, PSEN is inactive (HIGH). When the

device is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice

each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each

access to external data memory. A forced HIGH-to-LOW input transition on the

PSEN pin while the RST input is continually held HIGH for more than 10

machine cycles will cause the device to enter external host mode programming.

3.3.5.3 Features Of Microcontroller

80C51 CPU.

5 V operating voltage from 0 MHz to 40 MHz.

64 kB of on-chip flash user code memory with In-System Programming and In-

Application Programming.

Supports 12-clock (default) or 6-clock mode selection via software or In-System

Programming.

Serial Peripheral Interface and enhanced Universal Asynchronous

Receiver/Transmitter.

Programmable counter array with Pulse Width Modulator and capture/compare

functions.

Four 8-bit I/O ports with three high-current port 1 pins (16 mA each).

Three 16-bit timers/counters.

Programmable watchdog timer.

Eight interrupt sources with four priority levels.

Second DPTR register.

Low Electro-magnetic interference mode (ALE inhibit) TTL- and CMOS-

compatible logic levels.

3.3.6 DTMF Decoder

Because tuning band pass filters will most likely become a tedious and a time

consuming process, and because DTMF decoding is fairly common, a chip will be purchased to

perform these tasks. The HT9170 DTMF Receiver chip will fulfill this goal. It is designed

specifically for the eight frequencies associated with DTMF.

3.3.6.1 Features

Operating voltage: 2.5V~5.5V.

Minimal external components.

No external filter is required.

Low standby current (on power down mode).

Excellent performance.

3.58MHz crystal or ceramic resonator.

3.3.6.2 General Description

The HT9170 series are Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) receivers

integrated with digital decoder and band split filter functions. All types of the HT9170 series

use digital counting techniques to detect and decode all the 16 DTMF tone pairs into a 4-bit

code output. Highly accurate switched capacitor filters are employed to divide tone (DTMF)

signals into low and high group signals. A built-in dial tone rejection circuit is provided to

eliminate the need for pre-filtering. The HT9170B package type is an 18-pin DIP was used in

this project.

Figure 3.11 DTMF Decoder Chip (HT9170B)

The HT9170 series tone decoders consist of three band pass filters and two

digital decode circuits to convert a tone (DTMF) signal into digital code output. An

operational amplifier is built-in to adjust the input signal. The pre-filter is a circuit may filter

out the dialing tone of 350HZ to 400Hz signal and then uses the high-pass and low-pass filter.

The low group filter filters low group frequency signal output whereas the high group filter

filters high group frequency signal output.

Each filter output is followed by a zero-crossing detector with hysteresis.

When each signal’s amplitude at the output exceeds the specified level, it is transferred to full

swing logic signal.

When the HT9170 receives an effective tone (DTMF) signal, the DV pin goes

high and the tone code (DTMF) signal is transferred to its internal circuitry for decoding.

After setting, the OE pin goes high, the DTMF decoder will appear on pins D0~D3, an

interrupt is signaled to the microcontroller and places the decoded tone code in an internal

register for further processing.

Table 3.1 DTMF Selected Frequencies

Out of all we required 2, 4 & 6 digit only in programming.

3.3.7 Motor Driver

It is an electronic circuit which enables a voltage to be applied across a load in

either direction.

It allows a circuit full control over a standard electric DC motor. That is, with an

H-bridge, a microcontroller, logic chip, or remote control can electronically command the motor

to go forward, reverse, brake, and coast.

H-bridges are available as integrated circuits, or can be built from discrete

components.

A "double pole double throw" relay can generally achieve the same electrical

functionality as an H-bridge, but an H-bridge would be preferable where a smaller physical size is

needed, high speed switching, low driving voltage, or where the wearing out of mechanical parts

is undesirable.

The term "H-bridge" is derived from the typical graphical representation of such a

circuit, which is built with four switches, either solid-state (eg, L293/ L298) or mechanical (eg,

relays).

Figure 3.12 Structure Of H-bridge

To power the motor, you turn on two switches that are diagonally opposed.

The current provided by the MCU is of the order of 5mA and that required by a

motor is ~500mA. Hence,

motor can’t be controlled directly by MCU and we need an interface between the

MCU and the motor.

A Motor Driver IC like L293D or L298 is used for this purpose which has two H-

bridge drivers. Hence, each IC can drive two motors.

Note that a motor driver does not amplify the current; it only acts as a switch (An

H bridge is nothing but 4 switches).

Drivers are enabled in pairs, with drivers 1 and 2 being enabled by the Enable pin.

When an enable input is

high (logic 1 or +5V), the associated drivers are enabled and their outputs are

active and in phase with their inputs.

When the enable pin is low, the output is neither high nor low (disconnected),

irrespective of the input.

Direction of the motor is controlled by asserting one of the inputs to motor to be

high (logic 1) and the other to be low (logic 0).

To move the motor in opposite direction just interchange the logic applied to the

two inputs of the motors.

Asserting both inputs to logic high or logic low will stop the motor.

Resistance of our motors is about 26 ohms i.e. its short circuit current will be

around. 0.46 Amp which is below the maximum current limit.

It is always better to use high capacitance (~1000µF) in the output line of a motor

driver which acts as a small battery at times of current surges and hence improves battery life.

3.4 PCB Layout

Figure 3.13 PCB Layout of Microcontroller Board

Figure 3.14 PCB Layout of L293d Motor Driver Circuit

3.5 Flowchart For DC Motor Movement Through Microcontroller

3.6 Software Used

Keil Microvision

Flash Magic

Diptrace

CHAPTER 4

RESULT

4. Result

The design of the cell phone operated robot came out with the compact and user friendly

design the device has been made in such a way that it is easy to operate less complication in the circuitry

with the usage of cell phone keypad robot can movements in all the direction.

Updated technology has been used to modify and overcome previous defects of cell

phone operated robot in which user can directly burn the program code due to on circuit controller board

and can be upgraded with help of different technologies around.

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSIONS

5.1 Applications

5.1.1 Scientific

Remote control vehicles have various scientific uses including hazardous

environments, working in the deep ocean, and space exploration. The majority of the probes to

the other planets in our solar system have been remote control vehicles, although some of the

more recent ones were partially autonomous. The sophistication of these devices has fueled

greater debate on the need for manned spaceflight and exploration. The Voyager I spacecraft is

the first craft of any kind to leave the solar system. The martian explorers Spirit and Opportunity

have provided continuous data about the surface of Mars since January 3, 2004.

5.1.2 Military & Law Enforcement

Military usage of remotely controlled military vehicles dates back to the first half

of 20th century. Soviet Red Army used remotely controlled Teletanks during 1930s in the Winter

War and early stage of World War II. There were also remotely controlled cutters and

experimental remotely controlled planes in the Red Army.

Remote control vehicles are used in law enforcement and military engagements for

some of the same reasons. The exposures to hazards are mitigated to the person who operates the

vehicle from a location of relative safety. Remote controlled vehicles are used by many police

department bomb-squads to defuse or detonate explosives. See Dragon Runner, Military robot.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)have undergone a dramatic evolution in

capability in the past decade. Early UAV’s were capable of reconnaissance missions alone and

then only with a limited range. Current UAV’s can hover around possible targets until they are

positively identified before releasing their payload of weaponry. Backpack sized UAV’s will

provide ground troops with over the horizon surveillance capabilities

5.1.3 Search & Rescue

UAVs will likely play an increased role in search and rescue in the United States. This as

demonstrated by the successful use of UAV’s during the 2008 hurricanes that struck Louisiana

and Texas.

5.1.4 Recreation And Hobby

See Radio-controlled model. Small scale remote control vehicles have long been

popular among hobbyists. These remote controlled vehicles span a wide range in terms of price

and sophistication. There are many types of radio controlled vehicles. These include on-road cars,

off-road trucks, boats, airplanes, and even helicopters. The ‘robots’ now popular in television

shows such as Robot Wars, are a recent extension of this hobby (these vehicles do not meet the

classical definition of a robot; they are remotely controlled by a human). Radio-controlled

submarine also exists.

5.2 Advantages

Wireless control

Surveillance System.

Vehicle Navigation with use of 3G technology.

Takes in use of the mobile technology which is almost available everywhere.

This wireless device has no boundation of range and can be controlled as far as network of cell

phone.

5.3 Disadvantages

Cell phone bill.

Mobile batteries drain out early so charging problem.

Cost of project if Cell phone cost included.

Not flexible with all cell phones as only a particular, cell phone whose earpiece is attached can

only be used.

5.4 Further Improvements & Future Scope

5.4.1 IR Sensors

IR sensors can be used to automatically detect & avoid obstacles if the robot goes beyond

line of sight. This avoids damage to the vehicle if we are maneuvering it from a distant place.

5.4.2 Password Protection

Project can be modified in order to password protect the robot so that it can be operated

only if correct password is entered. Either cell phone should be password protected or necessary

modification should be made in the assembly language code. This introduces conditioned access

&increases security to a great extent.

5.4.3 Alarm Phone Dialer

By replacing DTMF Decoder IC HT 9170B by a ‘DTMF Transceiver IC’, DTMF tones

can be generated from the robot. So, a project called ‘Alarm Phone Dialer’ can be built which will

generate necessary alarms for something that is desired to be monitored (usually by triggering a

relay). For example, a high water alarm, low temperature alarm, opening of back window, garage

door, etc.

When the system is activated it will call a number of programmed numbers to let the user

know the alarm has been activated. This would be great to get alerts of alarm conditions from

home when user is at work.

5.4.4 Adding A Camera

If the current project is interfaced with a camera (e.g. a Webcam) robot can be driven

beyond line-of-sight & range becomes practically unlimited as GSM networks have a very large

range.

CHAPTER 6

REFRENCE

http://www.lookrs232.com/serial_port/index.html

http://www.lookrs232.com/rs232/history_rs232.html

http://www.aggsoft.com/rs232-pinout-cable/serial-port-interface.html

http://www.microcontroller51.blogspot.in/2011/08/gsm-modem-interfacing-with.html

http://www.instructables.com/id/Cellphone-operated-Robot/

http://www.instructables.com/id/Cellphone-operated-Robot/step2/Circuit-Description/

http://microcontroller8051projects.blogspot.in/

http://www.8051projects.info/

Schenker, L (1960), "Pushbutton Calling with a Two-Group

Voice-Frequency Code", The Bell system technical journal 39 (1): 235–255, ISSN 0005-8580

“DTMF Tester” , ‘Electronics For You’ Magazine , Edition (June 2003)

http://files.fliiby.com/download/

JTBETy1vaWolMTZDJTI1JUU4JUZCJTkzJTk2JTg0QSU5RSUwN3MlM0UlMDclRkYlREIlQ

TBOJTkzJTNCJTNFJUUzciUwNSVBNyVBOSUwMA==/578313/4dbrumy7zw.pdf

http://www.google.co.in/#hl=en&sclient=psy-ab&q=cell+phone+operated+robot

%5Bwith+ckt+diagram%5D+(.docx)&oq=cell+phone+operated+robot%5Bwith+ckt+diagram

%5D+

(.docx)&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&gs_l=hp.3...284l27263l3l28545l31l28l3l0l0l0l377l7799l0j1j17j11l3

5l0.frgbld.&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf.osb&fp=a833f2d9cb26212e&biw=1280&bi

h=706

http://www.google.co.in/#hl=en&biw=1280&bih=706&sclient=psy-ab&q=cell%20phone

%20operated%20robot&oq=cell%20phone

%20opera&aq=1&aqi=g4&aql=&gs_l=hp.11.1.0l4.0l0l1l1119l0l0l0l0l0l0l0l0ll0l0.frgbld.&pbx=

1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf.osb&fp=a833f2d9cb26212e&pf=p&pdl=300

http://pdf1.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/view/64509/HOLTEK/HT9170B/+4_WQ-

UELIy.lcKXEtENK+/datasheet.pdf

http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2.pdf

CHAPTER 7

DATASHEETS