cell physiology
TRANSCRIPT
Wednesday, February 18, 2015
THE CELL PHYSIOLOGY
DR.NILESH KATE. M.D.
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR,DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY,
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Objectives Cell structure Cell membrane Intercellular cell
junctions
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The Cell
Basic unit 75 to 100 trillion cells Coined by the British
scientist Robert Hooke (1635 – 1703)
‘Cell’ – L. cella – a store room or chamber
Great diversity of function
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History 1626 – Redi – living things do not arise from
spontaneous generation 1655 -- Robert Hooke 1674 – Leeuwenhoek discovered protozoa. Saw
bacteria 9 yrs later 1833 – brown – cell nucleus in cells of orchid 1838 – Schleiden & Schwann – cell theory 1859 – Virchow – new cells come from preexisting
cells
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Cell structure
Cell Constituents Protoplasm.
Cytoplasm -- Cell Organelles Inclusion bodies Cytoskeleton
Nucleus.Plasma membrane.
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Cell Organelles
Definition: An Organelle is defined as a sub cellular entity that is membrane limited and can be isolated by centrifugation at higher speeds.
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Principal Organelles Of The Cell
Cell-membrane (including Nuclear-membrane) Mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Ribosomes Lysosomes Centrosome. Nucleus
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Mitochondria
Structure
Membranes
Matrix
Function
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Endoplasmic reticulumGeorge Pallede (1974)Rough – Russell’s bodies of plasma cellsNissl granules of nerve cellsAcinar cells of pancreasSmooth – Ledig cells & adrenal cortex
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Golgi apparatus
Camella Golgi (1898)Functions –
Except -- Erythrocytes
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Ribosomes
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Ribosomes
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Lysosomes
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Lysosomes --Types
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Peroxisome
Catalaseoxidase
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Centrosome
Movement of chromosomes during cell division
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Inclusion bodies
Lipid droplets Glycogen Proteins as secretory granules Melanin pigment Lipofuscin
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Cytoskeleton Microtubules Intermediate filaments Microfilaments
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Cytoskeleton (cont..)
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Molecular motors
Microtubules based
Kinesin
Dyneins –
Cytoplasmic
Axonemal Actin based
myosin I
myosin II
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Nucleus Nuclear membrane Nucleoplasm --
chromosomes Nucleolus
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Cell membrane Hypothesis for cell membrane structure
The fluid mosaic model of membrane structure – Singer & Nicolson 1972
Arrangement of different molecules in cell membrane.
Lipid Bilayer
Functional significance
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Cell membrane (cont..) Arrangement of proteins in the cell
membrane Peripheral proteins
IntrinsicExtrinsic
Integral proteins or Transmembrane proteins
Channel proteinsCarrier proteinsReceptor proteinsAntigensPumps
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Cell membrane (cont..) Arrangement of carbohydrate in the cell
membrane Function.
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Intercellular junctions Cell adhesion molecules
Types Cadherins Adhesion molecules of IgG subfamily Selectins Integrins
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Mechanism of adhesion Homophilic binding Heterophilic binding Anchorage with cytoskeleton Binding to laminins
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Functions of cell adhesion molecules
Signal Nervous system Tissue holding Inflammation & wound healing Metastasis of tumour
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Types of intercellular junctions Tight junctions Adherens junctions Gap junctions
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THANK YOU