cell respiration
TRANSCRIPT
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Cellular Respiration All living things
need energy Energy in the form
of…
Food=chemical energy
Cell
energy=ATP
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Eukaryote vs Prokaryote Glycolytic pathways
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Prokaryotes Lack mitochondria?? Free enzymes break
down glucose-ATP
1 glucose=2 ATP No O2 needed so…
ANAEROBIC Some,however…???
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Quiz-anaerobic gylcolysis Where in the cell does
gylcolysis occur? Fate of glucose in the
beginning of gylcolysis? Explain “it takes energy
to make energy”?? How much net ATP is
made? What else is made? 2 types of fermentation?
Cytoplasm
Fructose (isomer) Invest 2 ATP get 4
Net= 2 ATP CO2 + NADH Lactate or alcohol
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Mitochondrial structure Two
compartments inner and outer
Inner=MATRIX Lotsa folds=…
why?
Outer=acid…why?
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The Mitochondria Double membrane Has it’s own DNA!! Can reproduce in
cell…! Endosymbiont?? Possible
evolution?
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Possible evolution of mitochondria-endosymbiont
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The Fate of PYRUVATE Taken into mitochondria Broken down to ACETATE CO2 produced
Binds to large protein Coenzyme A to produce acetyl Coenzyme A
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The TCA or KREBS CYCLE
CO2 NADH & FADH
2 more ATP
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Krebs Cycle
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Quiz-Krebs cycle (TCA cycle)
What are the reactants? What is produced?
What do we mean by nonmembrane reactions?
What is NADH? FADH? What is CoA and why is it
important?
Pyruvate (C3) 2 ATP, CO2, NADH,
FADH
Enzymes not embedded
Energy carriers Escort molecule to
Krebs cycle
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3rd alternative pathway… Mitochondria and O2 needed Uses NADH and
FADH produced in previous reactions
To make more ATP
Lots more!!
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What is NADH?? FADH?? ENERGY CARRIER! Same for FADH Carrier to…?
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Electron Transport System ETS (cytochrome
chain) is a series of reduction/oxidation reactions
Enzymes embedded in mitochondrial membranes
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ETS--Chemiosmosis RedOx reactions
pump H+ out of matrix to…
Outer compartment
H+ = acid…aha!
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Chemiosmosis H+ can only “fall” back into matrix
thru A special enzyme/protein complex ATP SYNTHASE…guess what that
makes?? But…how much ATP??
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glycolysis
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Alternatives to carbos? Fats (2X
calories/gm) but produce ketones
Protein produces ammonia!!
We utilize some of each but in small amounts
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Why are virtually all living things aerobes??
There’s lotsa O2 Mitochondria MORE
ATP/glucose! Protective
enzymes (SOD, catalase, etc)
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Summary Quiz What are the reactants of aerobic
respiration?? Products? Equation? List the three respiratory stages:
Where in the cell do each occur? What are the products of each?
Why is oxygen needed? How much ATP is produced by
Anaerobic gylcolysis? Aerobic glycolysis?
List the 2 types of fermentation??