Cell Structure

1/6/15 Cells

Key Question: How are cells structured and organized?

Initial Thoughts:

Bill Nye Movie

Evidence #1: Bill Nye Movie

Cells

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyn-27JMqi0

Evidence #2: Notes & Diagrams

• Take notes from the PowerPoint.

What is the difference between a single cell and cells working together?

Cell Specialization by Brainpop

Single Cells do everything by themselves;

Cells in tissues and organs divide up the work!

Cells are…• Definition: The basic unit of life• Organizational hierarchy of organisms from simplest to most complex• Cells produce tissues 

Tissues produce organs Organs produce organ systems Organs systems produce organisms

•

Cell Theory

• All living things are made of cells

The discovery of cells• Robert Hooke discovered the first cells. Cork

Cells were thought to have been these cells.

• Anton von Leeuwenhoek was first to observe one celled living things. Examples of these were bacteria and parameciums.

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic Cells: NO NUCLEUS

Example: Bacteria

Eukaryotic Cells: Have a TRUE NUCLEUS

Example: all cells in your body

Create 2 columns:

Cell Part Function

CELL PART:

CYTOPLASM

FUNCTION:

Gel-like material inside cells

CELL PART:

CELL MEMBRANE

FUNCTION:

“GATE KEEPER”—Controls what

goes in and out

CELL PART:

NUCLEUS

FUNCTION:

Directs all cell activities

With the electron microscope

CELL PART:

NUCLEOLUS

FUNCTION:

Helps to make ribosomes;

Found inside nucleus

CELL PART:

EndoplasmicReticulum or ER

FUNCTION:

Pathway for moving materials

through cell (the “express-

way”)

CELL PART:

RIBOSOMES

FUNCTION:

Make protein!

Under the electron microscope:

Under the electron microscope:

A simple diagram

CELL PART:

MITOCHONDRIA

FUNCTION:

Releases energy in the cell; the

“powerhouse”

Under the electron microscope:

CELL PART:

CHROMATIN (DNA)

FUNCTION:Contains genes or

instructions for cell’s activities

(found in nucleus)

Under the electron microscope:

CELL PART:

CHLOROPLAST

FUNCTION:Converts sunlight

into cell energy (Found in plants

ONLY!)

Under the microscope

CELL PART:

CELL WALL

FUNCTION:The outer structure

in plant cells; made of cellulose

Under the microscope

CELL PART:

VACUOLES

FUNCTION:

Store water, food, and waste products;

Very large in plant cells, small in animal

cells

Under the microscope

CELL PART:

GOLGI BODIES

FUNCTION:

Nicknamed “UPS”—Packages

& secrete substances made

inside the cell

Under the microscope

CELL PART:

LYSOSOMES

FUNCTION:

Digests cell wastes

“garbage disposal”

Under the microscope

CELL PART:

Centriole

FUNCTION:

Help direct cell division during mitosis; only in

animal cells

What are the two parts that plant cells have that animal cells do not have?

• Cell Walls

• Chloroplasts

Draw an animal and plant cell

Cell Games: http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/health/anatomy/cell/index.htm

Using this powerpoint and the Cell Games Link, draw and label an animal and plant cell.

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Analysis Questions

1. What are the differences between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell? Give examples of organisms of each.

2. What is the job of the cell membrane? Why would this be important to a cell?

3. Compare and contrast plant cells and animal cells. (How are they different? How are they the same?)

SummaryIn a well developed paragraph:

– What did you think before about how cells are structured? (look back at your initial thoughts)

– What did you learn about how cells are structured? Be specific! (look back at your evidence section).

– What evidence do you have that you learned this?– Further Thoughts

Make sure this is thoughtful and thorough.

Reflection

• Draw a picture of how cells are organized to make complex organisms.

• Cells tissues organs organ systems organisms

Big Idea: Cells

• Cells are the building blocks of life

• Cells tissues organs organ systems organisms

• Organelles each have a different job

• Prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus; Eukaryotic cells do.