cell structure & function
DESCRIPTION
Cell Structure & Function. http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html. Cell Theory. All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. Definition of Cell. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Cell Structure & Function
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
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Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of cells.
• Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
• All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
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Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life
functions.
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Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Bacteria
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Cells, Cells, Cells!• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes• Most living organisms
Plant Animal
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
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http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell
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“Typical” Animal Cell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
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Cell Parts
Organelles
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Surrounding the Cell
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Cell Membrane
• Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
• Double layer • “Outer limits of the city”
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Cell Wall
• Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria
• Supports & protects cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Inside the Cell
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Nucleus
• Directs cell activities
• Contains genetic material – DNA
• Like the “city hall” or “master computer” of the cell
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Nuclear Membrane
• Surrounds nucleus• Made of two layers• Openings allow
material to enter and leave nucleus
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Chromosomes
• In nucleus• Made of DNA• Contain instructions
for traits & characteristics
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Nucleolus
• Inside nucleus• Contains RNA to build
proteins
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Cytoplasm
• Gel-like mixture
• Surrounded by cell membrane
• Contains hereditary material
• It’s the “jello” in fruit gelatin
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Ribosomes
• Each cell contains thousands
• Make proteins• Found on
endoplasmic reticulum & floating throughout the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Endoplasmic Reticulum• Moves materials around
in cell• Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes• Rough type (pictured):
ribosomes embedded in surface
• “The highway of the cell”
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Mitochondria
• Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates
• Controls level of water and other materials in cell
• Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Golgi Bodies
• Protein 'packaging plant'
• Move materials within the cell
• Move materials out of the cell
• “The UPS of the cell”
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Lysosome• Digestive 'plant' for
proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
• Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
• “The trash compactor of the cell”
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Animal Cells vs. Plant Cells