cell structure & function
DESCRIPTION
Cell Structure & Function. http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html. Cell Theory. All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. Definition of Cell. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Cell Structure & Function
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
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Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of cells.
• Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
• All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
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Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life
functions.
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Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Bacteria
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Prokaryotic
• Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
• Few internal structures
• One-celled organisms, Bacteria
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
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Eukaryotic• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes• Most living organisms
Plant Animal
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
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“Typical” Animal Cell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
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http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell
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Cell Parts
Organelles
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Cell Membrane
• Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
• Double lipid layer
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Cell Wall
• Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria
• Supports & protects cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Nucleus
• Directs cell activities
• Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
• Contains genetic material - DNA
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Nuclear Membrane
• Surrounds nucleus• Made of two layers• Openings allow
material to enter and leave nucleus
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Chromosomes
• In nucleus• Made of DNA• Contain instructions
for traits & characteristics
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Nucleolus
• Inside nucleus• Contains RNA to build
proteins
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Cytoplasm
• Gel-like mixture
• Surrounded by cell membrane
• Contains hereditary material
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Endoplasmic Reticulum• Moves materials around
in cell• Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes• Rough type (pictured):
ribosomes embedded in surface
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Ribosomes
• Each cell contains thousands
• Make proteins• Found on ER &
floating throughout the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Mitochondria
• Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates
• Controls level of water and other materials in cell
• Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Golgi Bodies
• Protein 'packaging plant'
• Move materials within the cell
• Move materials out of the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Lysosome• Digestive 'plant' for
proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
• Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
• Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Vacuoles
• Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
• Contains water solution
• Help plants maintain shape
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Chloroplast
• Found in plant cells• Contains green
chlorophyll• Where
photosynthesis takes place
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html