cell structures eukaryotic cells. cell parts cells – the basic unit of life organelles - small...
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Cell Structures
Eukaryotic Cells
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Cell Parts
• Cells – the basic unit of life
• Organelles - small structures inside a cell with specific functions.
Analogy – City of Fullerton
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A) Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane
Analogy – Fullerton city limits
1. Function: Regulates materials entering and exiting the cell.
2. Structure: Two layers of phospholipids, proteins
Cell membrane
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B) Cytoplasm
1. Function: All cell contents that lie between the cell membrane and the nucleus. (organelles + cytosol) a. Cytosol = liquid portion/non-organelles.
2. Structure: made up of fluid and organelles except for nucleus
Analogy – All air, water, life that are in Fullerton, except City Hall
Cytoplasm
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C) Nucleus
1. Function: “Control Center.” Regulates DNA & RNA actions.
2. Structure: membrane bound, contains DNA
Analogy – City Hall
Nucleus
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D) Nuclear Envelope
Analogy – Walls & Doors of City Hall
1. Function: Regulates what enters or exits the nucleus.
2. Structure: Double Layer of Lipids
Nuclear Envelope
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E) Nucleolus
Analogy – The Mayor
1. Function: Produces RNA, which are used to make all proteins.
2. Structure: Inside Nucleus, separate from DNA
Nucleolus
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F) DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid
Analogy – The Laws or City Code
1. Function: information on how to make proteins. a. Chromatin – unorganized DNA (normal state)
b. Chromosomes – organized DNA (present before cell division
2. Structure: Made up of nucleotides, locked in the nucleus
DNA (chromatin)
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G) Endoplasmic Reticulum
Analogy – Roads & Sidewalks
1. Function: Transportation route for proteins.
a. Rough ER: has ribosomes
b. Smooth ER: no ribosomes
2. Structure: tubes and channels
Rough ER
Smooth ER
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H) Ribosomes
Analogy – Restaurants, Factories, Builders.
1. Function: Makes proteins.
2. Structure: small circular organelles
Ribosomes
Free Ribosomes
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I) Vacuoles & Vesicles
Analogy – Grocery stores, water tanks.
1. Function: Storage for water, nutrients or waste.
2. Structure: small membrane-bound organelle.
Vesicles
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J) Lysosomes
Analogy – Recycling center
1. Function: packets of enzymes that break down materials in a cell.
2. Structure: Small membrane-bound organelles
Lysosomes
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K) Mitochondria
Analogy – SCE
1. Function: Produce energy for the cell – site of cellular respiration. “The Powerhouse”
2. Structure: Double membrane-bound, kidney shaped.
Mitochondria
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L) Golgi Apparatus
Analogy – Post Office
1. Function: Packages, labels and ships proteins out of the cell.
2. Structure: Pancake-shaped layered organelle
Golgi Apparatus
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M) Cytoskeleton
Analogy – Wood, cement, steel beams
1. Function: Provide support and structure for the cell. a. Microfilaments
b. Microtubules
2. Structure: Tubules
Microfilaments
Microtubules
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N) Centrioles (Animals Only)
Analogy – Troy High School vs. Fullerton High School
1. Function: microtubules that help divide the cell during cell division.
• Structure: Tubules
Centrioles
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O) Cilia & Flagella
Analogy – Cars or bicycles.
1. Function: provides movement for the cell or objects moving by the cell.
2. Structure:
a. Flagella – 1 long fiber
b. Cilia – many short fibers
FlagellaFlagella Cilia
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P) Chloroplasts (Plants only)
Analogy – Solar Panels
1. Function: site of photosynthesis (converting sun and CO2 into sugar).
2. Structure: Membrane bound organelles that contain chlorophyll
Chloroplasts
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Q) Cell Wall (Plant cells only)
Analogy – ground, rock wall
1. Function: Provides support for the cell and the plant.
2. Structure: Made of cellulose
Cell Wall
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Journal EntryOn a two-page spread, draw an animal cell diagram & a plant cell diagram
•Be sure to include and label all of the cell structures.
– For each structure, identify its role or function