cell theory & organelles. technology theories are built upon previous knowledge, use...
TRANSCRIPT
Cell Theory & Organelles
Technology
• Theories are built upon previous knowledge, use increasingly more sophisticated technology and rely on the skills of many scientists.
Hooke’s microscope
• Cork
Electron Microscope
Many Scientists
• Theories are built upon previous knowledge, use increasingly more sophisticated technology and rely on the skills of many scientists.
1674 - Leeuwenhoek. He made better lenses –
observed cells in greater detail.
1838 – Schleiden – the first to note that plants
are made of cells.
1839 – Schwann concluded that all living things are made of cells.
1855 – Virchow proposed that all cells come from other cells.
Mario Capecchi – Nobel Prize Winner – what do you think he is like?
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2007/capecchi.html
The Cell Theory
1. All living things are composed of cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
3. New cells are produced from existing cells.
Schleiden
Schwann
Virchow7-1
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
• Nucleus – large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell’s genetic information (DNA). Brain of cell.
• Prokaryotes – cells that do not contain nuclei. (Bacteria)
• Eukaryotes – cells that contain nuclei. (All other organisms)
7-1www.nerdscience.com
Organelles – miniature Organs!!
• Page 8 ipad book
Eukaryotic Cell Structure
• Organelles – structures in a cell that act like “little organs.”
• Cytoplasm – the jelly-like fluid where the • organelles “float.”
7-2www.nerdscience.com
Cytoskeleton
7-2www.nerdscience.com
Micofilaments and Micotubles offer support; structure; and help contract and relax.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Endoplasmic reticulum –Lipids (cell membrane), proteins, and other products are made here.– Rough ER – has ribosomes– Smooth ER – no ribosomes
7-2www.nerdscience.com
Ribosomes
• Ribosomes – made of RNA and protein. Make Proteins!
7-2www.nerdscience.com
Golgi Apparatus
• Golgi Apparatus – modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.
7-2
Mitochondria
• Mitochondria – organelle that converts chemical energy C6H12O6 stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use… ATP– “Powerhouse of the Cell!”
7-2www.nerdscience.com
Endosymbiotic Theory
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ESXvLHceDc
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcX2n1rC4W4
• There aren’t free living bacterial mitochondria anymore. The first eukaryotic cell evolved about a million years ago. Since then, bacterial mitochondria all depend on their hosts.
• Plants AND Animals have mitochondria
Lysosomes
• Lysosomes – small organelles filled with enzymes.– Digest molecules to be used by the cell.
7-2
Fetus at 7 weeksFetus at 15 weeks
What’s the difference between a plant and animal cell?
• Think about what you saw in the lab last time!– Rigid wall… stronger than your cheek cells!– All attached… row upon row (glucose packed
tightly together to make cellulose)
Two Terms:
• Hetero = different• Auto = self (automatic)• Trophic = nutrition or feeding
• Autotroph – makes its own food• Heterotroph – gets its nutrition from other
places.
Chloroplasts
• Chloroplasts – organelles that capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy. (Photosynthesis)– Found only in plants.
7-2www.nerdscience.com
Chloroplasts & Mitochondria make ATP
Cell Boundaries
• Cell membrane – thin, flexible membrane that surrounds the cell.
• Cell walls – rigid layer around the membrane found only in bacteria, fungi and plants.
7-3www.nerdscience.com
