cell time line
TRANSCRIPT
CELL
1800’s
1859 : Darwin publishes On the origin of Species,
proposing continual evolution of species.
1865 : Mendele’s peas
1869 : DNA Fist Isolated
1879 : Mitosis Observed
1900’s
1900 : Rediscovery of Mendel’s work
1902 : Orderly
1902 : Chromosome Theory of Heredity
1909 : The word Gene Coined
1911 : Fruit Files Illuminate the
1940’s
1941 : One Gene, One Enzyme
1943 : X-ray Diffraction of DNA
1944 : DNA is “Transforming Principle”
1944 : Jumping Genes
CELL – TIME LINE
Darwin publishes On the origin of Species,
proposing continual evolution of species.
Mendele’s peas
DNA Fist Isolated
Mitosis Observed
Rediscovery of Mendel’s work
Orderly Inheritance of Disease Observed
Chromosome Theory of Heredity
The word Gene Coined
Fruit Files Illuminate the Chromosome Theory
One Gene, One Enzyme
ray Diffraction of DNA
DNA is “Transforming Principle”
Jumping Genes
Darwin publishes On the origin of Species,
1950’s
1952 : Genes are Made of DNA 1953 : DNA Double Helix
1955 : 46 Human Chromosomes
1955 : DNA Copying Enzyme
1956 : Cause of Disease Traced to Alternation
1958 : Semiconservative Replication of DNA
1959 : Chromosome Abnormalities Identified
1960’s
1961 : mRNA Ferries Information 1961 : First Screen for Metabolic Defect in Newborns
1966 : Genetic Code Cracked
1968 : First Restriction Enzymes Described
1970’s
1972 : First Recombinant DNA 1973 : First Animal Gene cloned
1975 -77: DNA Sequencing
1976 : First Genetic Engineering Company
1977 : Introns Discovered
1980’s
1981-82 : First Transgenic Mice and Fruit Files
1982 : GenBank Dateabase Formed
1983 : First Disease Gene Mapped
1983 : PCR Invented
1986 : First Time Gene Positionally Cloned
1987 : First Human Genetic Map
1987 : YACs Developed
1989 : Microsatellites, New Genetic Markers
1989 : Sequence-tagged Sites, Another Marker
1990 – 1994
1990 : Launch of Human Genome Project
1990 : ELSI founded
1990 : Research on BACs
1991 : ESTs, Fragments of Genes 1992 : Second-generation Genetic Map of Human Genome
1992 : Data Release Guidelines Established
1993 : NEW HGP Five-year Plan
1994 : FLAVR SAVR Tomato 1994 : Detailed Human Genetic Map
1994 : Microbial Genome Project
1995 – 1996
1995 : Ban on Genetic Discrimination in Workplace
1995 : Two Microbial Genomes Sequenced
1995 : Physical Map of Human Genome Completed
1996 : International Strategy meeting on Human Genome
Sequencing
1996 : Mouse Genetic map Completed
1996 : Yeast Genome Sequenced
1996 : Archaea Genome Sequenced
1996 : Health Insurance Discrimination Banned
1996 : 280,000 Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs)
1996 : Human Gene Map Created
1996 : Human DNA Sequence Begins
1997 – 1999
1997 : Bermuda Meeting Affirms Principle of Data Release 1997 : E.coli Genome Sequenced
1997 : Recommendations on Genetic Testing
1998 : Private Company Announces Sequencing Plan
1998 : M. Tuberculosis Bacterium Sequenced
1998 : Committee on Genetic Testing
1998 : HGP Map Includes 30,000 Human Genes
1998 : New HGP Gals for 2003 1998 : SNP Initiative Begins
1998 : Genome of Roundworm C.elegans Sequenced
1999 : Full-scale Human Genome Sequencing
1999 : Chromosome 22
2000 – 2001
2000 : Free Access to Genomic Information
2000 : Chromosome 21
2000 : Working Draft
2000 : Drosophila and Arabidopsis genome sequenced 2000 : Executive Order Bans Genetic Discrimination in the
Federal Workplace
2000 : Yeast Interactome Published 2000 : Fly model of Parkinson’s Disease Reported
2001 : First Draft of the Human Genome Sequence
Released
2001 : RNA Shuts off mammalian Genes 2001 : FDA Approves Genetics-based Drug to Treat
Leukemia
2002 – 2003
2002 : Mouse Genome Sequenced 2002 : Researches find genetic Variation Associated with
prostate Cancer
2002 : Researchers Find genetic Variation Associated with
Prostate Cancer
2002 : Rice Genome Sequenced
2002 : The International HapMap Project is Announced
2002 : The Genomes to life program is Launched 2002 : Researchers Identify Gene linked to Bipolar Disorder
2003 : Human Genome Project Completed
2003 : Fiftieth anniversary of Watson and Crick’s
Description of the double Helix 2003 : The First National DNA Day Celebrated
2003 : ENCODE program Begins
2003 : Premature Aging Gene identified