cell transport 1. what is the purpose of the cell membrane? 2. why would we need to regulate what...
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Cell Transport1. What is the purpose of the cell
membrane? 2. Why would we need to regulate
what goes in and out of the cell?3. What are some things that
might need to be transported into or out of the cell?
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Structure of the Plasma Membrane
o Phospholipid Bilayer: two layers of lipids with a phosphate head• Phosphate head is hydrophilic• Lipid tail is hydrophobic • There is a watery environment inside and
outside the cell, so the phosphate heads align towards the water.
o Proteins – passageways through the plasma membrane • Some act as cell markers, others as channels
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ProteinsCarbohydrate Chains
Phosphate HeadProtein Channel
Lipid Tail
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Structure of the Plasma Membrane (cont)The plasma membrane is
selectively permeable – only certain substances are allowed to pass through it.
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Types of Cell Transport
PASSIVE TRANSPORT ACTIVE TRANSPORT Movement of a
substance through a cell’s membrane without using any energy
Moves from high concentration to low concentration
Three types : diffusion, osmosis and facilitative diffusion
Movement of a substance through a cell’s membrane using any energy
Moves from low concentration to high concentration
Two types : endocytosis and exocytosis
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PASSIVE TRANSPORT
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1. Diffusion
the movement of particles through the plasma membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentrationoConcentration - the amount of solute in a solution • Solution – mixture of solutes and solvents• Solute – substance dissolved in another substance• Solvent – a substance that does the dissolving
oDiffusion will occur until equilibrium is reached (the concentration of the substance is the same)
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o Example: in lungs, oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream because there is less oxygen in the bloodstream
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2. Facilitated Diffusion
the transport of specific particles through a membrane by a channel protein.
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3. Osmosis
the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration
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Isotonic Solution – the concentration of solutes is the same inside and outside of the cell
The cell and environment are at equilibrium
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Hypotonic solution – the solution with the higher solvent (water) content
Water moves into the cell and the cell will swell
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Hypertonic solution – the solution with the higher solute concentration
Water moves out of the cell and the cell will shrink
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ACTIVE TRANSPORT
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1. Endosytosis
process by which a large macromolecule enters a cell. Extracellular vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane, the membrane pinches inward, the vesicle is transported into the cell.
◦Two types: Pinocytosis – engulfing a liquid (cell
drinking) Phagocytosis – engulfing another cell or
organic matter (cell eating)
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Endocytosis
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2. Exosytosis
large macromolecule leaving a cell. Intracellular vesicles migrate to the plasma membrane, fuse with it, and release the contents out into the cell
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Exocytosis