cell transport
DESCRIPTION
CELL TRANSPORT. Define these terms:. 1. Solute*2. Solvent * 3. Semipermeable Membrane* 4. Passive Transport* 5.Active Transport* 6. Diffusion*7. Osmosis* 8. Concentration Gradient 9. Facilitated Diffusion 10. Hypertonic11. Hypotonic 12. Isotonic. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CELL TRANSPORT
![Page 2: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Define these terms:1. Solute * 2. Solvent *3. Semipermeable Membrane*4. Passive Transport* 5.Active
Transport*6. Diffusion* 7. Osmosis*8. Concentration Gradient9. Facilitated Diffusion10. Hypertonic 11. Hypotonic12. Isotonic
![Page 3: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Research the Following
![Page 4: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
How do molecules get into the cell?
•By crossing the Cell Membrane!
![Page 5: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What is a key property of the Cell Membrane?
• Selective Permeability!!• This property of biological
membranes allows some substances to cross more easily than others.
![Page 6: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
How much energy will it cost the cell to MOVE molecules in
or out? • It depends on HOW it enters the cell!
• Which do you think does NOT “cost” the cell energy- Passive Transport or ActiveTransport?
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
![Page 7: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
First type Passive Transport- Diffusion
• What is it? –Random movement of molecules down
a concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
• NO energy is expended.
![Page 8: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Diffusion
![Page 9: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Watch this animation!
• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_diffusion_works.html
• http://www.indiana.edu/~phys215/lecture/lecnotes/diff.html
![Page 10: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
2nd type Passive Transport- Osmosis
• The diffusion of water across selectively permeable membranes.
• Water moves from a high water concentration to low water concentration.
• NO energy expended by cell
![Page 11: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
3nd type passive transport Facilitated Diffusion
Type which uses transport proteins to move molecules across the membrane WITHOUT any energy expended by cell!
![Page 12: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Question:What’s in a Solution?
Answer:
• solute + solvent solution
• NaCl + H20 saltwater
![Page 13: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Hypertonic• A solution with greater solute concentration
(less water) compared to another solution.
3% NaCl97% H2O
Red Blood Cell
5% NaCl95% H2O
solution
![Page 14: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Hypotonic• A solution with lower solute concentration
(more water) compared to another solution.
3% Na97% H2O
Red Blood Cell
1% Na99% H2O
solution
![Page 15: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Isotonic• A solution with an equal solute concentration
compared to another solution.• This solution is said to be in equilibrium.
3% Na97% H2O
Red Blood Cell
3% Na97% H2O
solution
![Page 16: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Movement of H2O = OSMOSIS!
• Water will “ALWAYS” diffuse down a concentration gradient from a HYPOTONIC solution (more water, less solute) to a HYPERTONIC solution (less water, more solute).
ALWAYS REMEMBER- water moves from• HYPOTONIC HYPERTONIC
![Page 17: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Animal Cells
• Animal cells placed into a hypotonic solution will EXPLODE.
Hypotonic
RedBloodCell
![Page 18: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Animal Cells
• Animal cells placed into a hypertonic solution will SHRIVEL.
Hypertonic
RedBloodCell
![Page 19: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Plant Cells• In a hypotonic environment, the vacuole is full
of water (cell gains water), and the cell membrane is pushed against the cell wall. The cell wall helps the plant cell retain its shape under the tension.
WaterWater
CellWall Water
CentralVacuole
![Page 20: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Plant Cells• In a hypertonic environment (loss of water),
the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall (vacuole empty).
Water Water
CellWall Water
plasma membrane
![Page 21: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Active Transport• The movement of molecules
(small or large) across the plasma membrane using energy (ATP).
![Page 22: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Examples of Active Transport:Active transport using a carrier
molecule in the membrane - many times, this involves moving molecules from a low to high concentration (OPPOSITE the direction during diffusion!).
- Requires ATP (ENERGY!!) to move it across!
![Page 23: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Protein pumps
• Some membrane proteins use energy to pump substances in and out of the cell.
• Sodium potassium pump animation.
![Page 24: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• How are large molecules transported into and out of the cell?
• Endocytosis and Exocytosis (BOTH are active transport!)
![Page 25: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Endocytosis• ENTRY into cell
• Portion of the membrane surrounds or engulfs a macromolecule (large molecule) outside cell. The membrane pinches off to form a vesicle in the cytoplasm
• Requires Energy!!
![Page 26: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Endocytosis, cont.Different names for type macromolecules
endocytosed:
–Pinocytosis: endocytosis of liquids–Phagocytosis: endocytosis of
particles – http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/cellstructures/phagocitos
is.swf
![Page 28: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Exocytosis:• EXPORT of materials OUT of
the cell (wastes, cell products)
- Also a type of Active Transport (energy required!!)
![Page 29: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Quick Quiz• 1. Which type of transport REQUIRES
energy? • 2. Which type of transport does NOT
require energy?• 3. In a Hypertonic solution, the amount of
solute is _________ in the solution than the solute concentration inside the cell.
• 4. In an Isotonic solution, the amount of solute is __________ the solute concentration inside the cell.
![Page 30: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Quick Quiz, cont. • 5. Movement of macromolecules
OUT of the cell is called __________. Does this require energy?
• 6. Endocytosis that involves movement of liquids into the cell is called ______________. Does this require energy?
![Page 31: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
MODELLING A CELL MEMBRANE
Plastic baggies are a lot like cell membranes; they are semipermeable.
• Do baggies allow any of the following - water, starch, or iodine - to move through them?
• Materials:1.baggies2.Starch suspension
in H2O3.Iodine solution4.Beakers
![Page 32: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
DO Now!
• Sheet 3.5–Complete and we will discuss it
![Page 33: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Concentration ProblemsIn each problem below, the membrane is
permeable to water only!1. Which way will water move – into or out of the body cell? (draw an arrow!)
2. The solution is ________.
![Page 34: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
3. Which way will water move – into or out of the sphere? (draw an arrow!)
4. Is the solution in the beaker hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic compared to the cell? (Circle one!)
![Page 35: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
5. Which way will water move – into or out of the sphere? (draw an
arrow!)
6. What will happen to the shape / size of the sphere? What is the solution outside the cell?
![Page 36: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Cell0.45 Msolute
7. Which way will water move – into or out of the body cell? (draw
an arrow!)
8. What is the cell’s solute concentration after dynamic equilibrium is reached?
0.35 M solute
![Page 37: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
9. Which way will water move – into or out of the body cell? (draw an
arrow!)
cell
10. What is the cell’s water concentration after dynamic equilibrium is reached?
![Page 38: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Wrap up of Transport across a Semipermeable membrane!
• BEFORE you get your beaker, write down what you EXPECTED to happen? (Who moved across the plastic membrane?)
![Page 39: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
How did your experiment work? • Did the liquid in the beaker or the
baggie change color? What does it indicate?
• Decide WHICH molecules were transported- water, iodine, or starch?
• Did your experiment test all 3 components?
![Page 40: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Cont….• Things to think about:
–Size of atoms/ molecules–Set-up of experiment- could you
detect movement of ALL molecules?–Validity/ reliability
• How is the baggy LIKE a cell membrane?
• How is it NOT LIKE a cell membrane?
![Page 41: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Wrap-up!• Standard 10.1: FUNDAMENTAL life
processes depend on the physical and chemical activities of the cell.–D30. Explain the role of the cell
membrane in supporting cell functions.• What ARE the roles of the cell
membrane?
![Page 42: CELL TRANSPORT](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/568163a2550346895dd4a29c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Wrap-up!
How is the cell membrane structured to ensure efficiency and survival?