Animals are made up of cells.Plants are made up of cells.

Cells make up all living things.

Can you think of reasons why cells need nutrition and a good environment?

Substances (elements and compounds) Found in Cells

1.Carbohydrates (C, H, O)- 1%, provides energy2. Nucleic Acids (C, H, O, N, P)- 4%, to build their own proteins3. Lipids/fats (C, H, O)- 10%, store and release more energy4. Proteins (C, H, O, N)- 15%, cell growth & repair5. Water (H, O) - 70%

Cells also carry out passive transport (diffusion, osmosis) and active transport1.Passive Transport-materials do not need energy to

move from higher concentration to lower to a lower concentration through membranes

a. Diffusion-movement of gases (O, CO2),sugar from higher concentrations to lower concentrations

b. Osmosis-water moving from higher concentration to a lower concentration

2.Active Transport-materials(minerals & nutrients) need energy to move from a higher concentration to lower concentration

Cells produce tissues.Tissues produce organs.Organs produce organ

systems.Organs systems produce

organisms.

Level of Organization in Living Things

Cell Theory*All living things are made of one or more cells.*The cell is the basic unit of living things.*All cells come from existing cells.

TIME LINE (Discovery of Cells)1.Robert Hooke discovered the first cells. Cork Cells were thought to have been these cells. (like small rooms)2.Anton van Leeuwenhoek was first to observe one -celled living things. Examples of these were bacteria and parameciums. ---invented compound microscope (more powerful lenses)

3. Robert Brown --- discovered the nucleus of the plant cell 4. Matthias Schleiden--- concluded that all plants are made up of cells.5. Theodor Schwann--- discovered that animals are also made up of cells.

Main Parts of a Cell1. Cell Membrane - protection2. Nucleus- control center3. Cytoplasm- distributes nourishment of the cell

Plant Cell Parts:1. Nucleus-control center of the cell 2. Cytoplasm-gel like substance found in a cell that

distributes nutrients3. Cell Membrane-surrounds cell material (protection) 4. Cell Wall-a stiff covering that protects plant cells5. Chloroplasts-a green structure in a plant6. Chromosomes-provides direction for cell to follow7. Endoplasmic Reticulum-transportation network8. Mitchondrion-produces energy in the cell (power

house)9. Vacuole (bigger)-cell storage sac for food, waste and

water10. Ribosomes – protein factory11. Golgi Bodies

Animal Cell Parts:1. Nucleus-control center of a cell2. Cytoplasm-gel like substance found in a cell that distributes nutrients3. Cell Membrane-surrounds cell material 4. Vacuole(smaller)-cell storage sac for food, waste, and water5. Mitochondrion –produces energy in a cell (power house)6. Ribosomes – protein factory7. Chromosomes-provides direction for cells to follow8. Endoplasmic Reticulum--transportation system9. Lysosomes – suicidal sac

10. Golgi Bodies

Body cells make up the different parts of the bodyfound in the different tissues doing specialized functionshelp keep the body tissues and organs functioning

 

  Five different body cells found in some of the most important part of the body:

a. Epithelial cells - found in the epidermis of the skin, lining of the intestine, lining of the mouth, secretory glands, blood vessels and lining of the lungs - serve as covering - for absorption of nutrients from food. These nutrients are carried by blood to the different part of the body.

 

 

b. Muscle cells - found in the different muscles of the body * Visceral muscles cells- composed of simple contractile cells (cells that are capable of contracting) found in the walls of the intestines and uterus and blood vessels. * Cardiac muscles cells - found in the heart muscles * Skeletal or striated muscles cells - most abundant muscles in the body

 

c. Nerve cells or the neurons - found all over the body. * Some of them carry messages to the brain and the spinal cord. * Others are found in the sense organs.

d. Blood cells - found in the blood * White Blood Cells (WBC) - soldiers of the body * Red Blood Cell (RBC) - carry nutrients and oxygen to the other parts of the body and carry wastes and carbon dioxide from the body parts * Platelets – for blood clotting

e. Bone cells - are cells that give support to the body They are bone cells that form a liquid that hardens like cement.