1. Cells The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing. Some organisms, such as most bacteria, are unicellular (consist of a single cell). Other organisms, such as humans, are multi-celledRobert Hocke discovered the cell when he was watching the cork in the microscopy.There are two types of cells: eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Prokaryotic cells are usually independent, while eukaryotic cells are often found in complex organisms. In all cells we can differentiate three parts: the cell membrane, the cytoplasm and the genetic material.Prokaryotic cellsThe prokaryotic cell is simpler, and therefore smaller, than a eukaryote cell. The genetic material is dispersed in the cytoplasm. Bacteria are typical prokaryotic cells. A prokaryotic cell has: Onthe outside, flagella and pili project from the cell's surface. These are structuresthat (not present in all prokaryotes) facilitate movement and communicationbetween cells.Inside the cell is the cytoplasm that contains the cell genome (DNA), ribosome andother structures.The cell wall is another typical structure of prokaryotic cell.

2. Eukaryotic cellsThis is a type of cell which makes up more complex organisms, that is, protozoa, plants, animals, algae and fungi. Diagram of a typical animal (eukaryotic) cell, showing subcellular components. Organelles: (1) nucleolus (2) nucleus (3) ribosome (4) vesicle (5) rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) (6) Golgi apparatus (7) Cytoskeleton (8) smooth endoplasmic reticulum (9) mitochondria (10) vacuole (11) cytoplasm (12) lysosome (13) centriolesThe principal difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound compartments in which specific metabolic activities take place. Most important among these is the presence of a cell nucleus, a membrane- delineated compartment where the genetic material is found.Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts where photosynthesis happens. Animal cells have different forms and they dont have chloroplasts or cell wallsWikipedia and natural science (Pearson Longman) 3. 1-Answer the following questions:What are organisms that are made of several cells?What are the main parts of the cell?What is the difference between a eukaryotic and a prokaryotic cell?What is the difference between an animal cell and a plant cell?2-Draw an animal cell and write the principal structures.3-Look for information on the INTERNET about: mitochondrion, chloroplast and cell wall. In http://www.ibiblio.org/virtualcell/tour/cell/cell.htm you have a pronunciation guide.Maribel Gordillo Rivera2010 &Maggie Nowicki