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CELLS AND DNA

Learning Targets1. I can explain the different parts of a cell.

2. I can explain the purpose of DNA.

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Vocabulary within this set of notes1. Cell Membrane:

2. Cytoplasm:

3. Organelles:

4. DNA:

5. Chromosomes:

6. Prokaryotes (Prokaryotic):

7. Eukaryotes (Eukaryotic):

8. Nucleus:

9. Ribosomes:

10. Endoplasmic Reticulum:

11. Mitochondria:

12. Golgi Complex

13. Lysosomes:

14. Cell Wall:

15. Chloroplasts:

16. Vacuoles:

Onion

All About Cells- Organelle Quick Review

Human CheekCells

Elodea

Bacterial

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Cell Overview

All living things are made of cells.

A cell is the smallest unit that can perform all the things necessary for life. (Oldest type of life is a single cell)

Information (DNA) contained in cells determines inherited traits!

Cells weren’t discovered until the 1600s.

What invention do you think lead to the discovery of cells?

Then Now

The Microscope

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Parts of a Cell

Cells come in many shapes and sizes, but most cells have the following parts:

Cell Membrane- a protective layer that covers the cell’s surface, “The Protector”

Cytoplasm- fluid within a cell that holds structures in place, “The Supporter”

Organelles- structures within a cell that perform specific functions, “The Workers”

DNA- the genetic material that carries information needed to make new cells and control inherited traits, “The Brain”-Organized into Chromosomes

Parts of a Cell

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2 Kinds of Cells

Prokaryotes- single celled organisms whose DNA is NOT in a nucleus, DNA floats in cytoplasm

Some examples would be bacteria and archaea (ancient bacteria/ancient life)

Eukaryotes- larger organisms whose DNA is in a nucleus

Some examples would be animals, plants, and fungi

REMEMBER, in this case: “PRO MEANS NO”

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

Nucleus

Nickname: “The Control Center”

Function: holds the DNA, which cannot escape through the nuclear membrane

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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

Ribosomes

Function: makes proteins

VERY IMPORTANT! Proteins are involved in virtually all cell functions. Each protein within the body has a specific function.

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nickname: “The Producers”

Function: makes and delivers proteins and fats within the cell

2 Types:

1.Rough ER:

n Has ribosomes (which gives it a rough appearance)

n Function: helps make proteins

2.Smooth ER:

n NO ribosomes

n Function: makes lipids (fats)

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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

Mitochondria

Nickname: “The Powerhouse”

Function: breaks down food to make ATP (energy)

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

Golgi Complex

Nickname: “The Delivery System”

Function: packages and transports materials to different locations inside/outside of the cell

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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

Lysosomes- found mainly in animal cells

Nickname: “The Clean-up Crew”

Function: break down food and to destroy old cells

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Lysosomes

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Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!

Plant cells have some additional structures not found in animal cells.

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to

Section:

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall

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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

Cell Wall

Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane

Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

Chloroplasts

Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell

Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

Vacuoles- (Note, these can also be found in animal cells, but they have a different function of storage, holding digestive enzymes)

Function: stores water

This is what makes lettuce crisp

When there is no water, the plant wilts