cells are like machines that perform specialized tasks red blood cells carry oxygen around the body...
TRANSCRIPT
Cellular Organelles
Like jobs in a factory
Cells are like machines that
perform specialized tasks Red Blood Cells carry
oxygen around the body
Neurons (brain cells) send electrical signals around the brain
White blood cells attack invaders and defend the body
Muscles cells contract and relax to move the body (or pump blood)
All animal cells have similar structures called
organelles
Like jobs in a factory, cellular organelles
perform certain functions
The Cell Membrane The cell membrane is
the boundary that separates the cell from the outside world
It REGULATES what enters and leaves the cell and provides protection and support
It is the Shipping / Receiving Department of the cell!
The Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is the fluid inside the cell membrane that surrounds all the cellular organelles.
It is the factory floor of the cell!
The Nucleus
Contains most of the DNA in the cell
Issues instructions to build proteins via the genetic code on strands of copied DNA (called RNA).
The CEO of the cell!
The Ribosomes
Ribosomes read the instructions encoded on RNA (copied from DNA) sent out by the nucleus to BUILD PROTIENS
They are small organelles that float around the cytoplasm and attach themselves to the endoplasmic reticulum
They are the workers of the cell!
The Endoplasmic Reticulum
The ER is a membrane inside the cell where ribosomes attach themselves to build proteins
There is a rough and a smooth ER (rough has Ribosomes and smooth doesn’t)
The ER is the assembly line of the cell!
The Golgi Apparatus Once proteins are
finished by the ribosomes over at the ER, they move to the golgi apparatus
The function of the golgi is to modify, sort, and package proteins for storage in the cell or transportation out of the cell
The golgi is the finishing / packaging department of the cell!
The Lysosomes
Lysosomes are small organelles filled with enzymes that breakdown lipids, carbohydrates and proteins when they are no longer needed.
Lysosomes are the maintenance or clean-up crew of the cell!
The Mitochondria
Mitochondria are organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into ATP, which can be used as instant energy inside the cell (ATP is like cellular electricity)
Billions of years ago mitochondria were an independent organism (they still have their own DNA)
Mitochondria are the power plants of the cell!
The Chloroplasts
Found only in plants, chloroplasts capture the energy of sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts are the solar panels of the cell!
We will return to this next week…
Animations
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1IqsE8CVTms&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YM2X1c4K1x0