Cells!

cell theory1. All living things are made of cells2. All cells come from other cells3. Cells are the smallest unit of life.4. Everything that happens to you happens

at a cellular level OR cells are the functional unit of a multicellular organism.

• There are 2 basic types of cells.• Prokaryotes• Eukaryotes

Prokaryotic cell (aka: bacteria!)

Eukaryotic (aka: Every other type of cell ever discovered:

protista, fungi,

Animal & Plant

Organelles!

• These are parts of a cell that do specific functions like your organs.

• Organelle means “little organ”.• All are membrane bound except

ribosomes.

• Compare and contrast types of cells!• On your own answer the worksheet.• In 9 minutes we will discuss the answers.

Comparison of Prokaryotic Cells & Eukaryotic Cells

# of Cells

Location of DNA

Arrangement of DNA

Size? Membrane-boundorganelles?

Prokaryotic

1 Nucleoid One, circular piece of DNA (plasmid)

About 10-1 Micro-meters

Only contains ribosomes(not membrane bound)

Eukaryotic

1 – trill-ions

Nucleus Many linearpieces of DNA (chromosomes)

About 100-10 Micro-meters

Contains many (seeDiagram above)

Plasma membrane

Cell wall

Chloro-plasts

Vacuole

Plant Cells

Animal Cells

Yes

YesYes Yes

Yes,1 large!

Yes,many small

NONO

• Have ½ sheet out

PLASMA MEMBRANE- keeping it all together

– Isolates– Regulates

– Interaction (between cells and environment)

Made up of phospholipids!• The 2 layers of

phospholipid molecules are called the phospholipid bilayer

Phosphate

Fatty acid tails

1 phospholipid

-The phosphate ends LOVE water (hydrophilic)-The fatty acids HATE water (hydrophobic) SO…•the phosphates turn towards the

water and create the outside of the PM•The fatty acids “hide” between the phosphates creating the inside of the PM.•FYI: Interstitial fluid (fluid that surrounds all cells in body) is mostly water. (clear liquid in a blister)•the cytoplasm (the liquid inside of a cell is ALSO mostly water.

Plasma membrane• Called a fluid mosaic because of the different

parts AND b/c phospholipids move around.

Define: Mosaic• Mosaic is the art of creating images with an

assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials

• For example Turkey Mosaic! • Happy Thanksgiving!

– Part of the “mosaic” are…

– Proteins act as in/ out channels (doors) & as recognition (name tags)

– Cholesterol acts as a stabilizer of phospholipids

ALL CELLS HAVE A PLASMA MEMBRANE!!!

1.) All prokaryotes have a plasma membrane & a cell wall.2.) Eukaryotes have: just a plasma membrane (animals, protists) or BOTH a plasma membrane & cell wall (plants, fungi)

Cytoplasm

• Made of:– Water AND dissolved “Stuff”: salts,

proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, sugars, amino acids, nucleotides

• Function: – Location of most of the cells metabolic

activities (aka: the biochemical reactions that support life)

– Gives cell “fullness”

Important Organelles!!!

• There are MANY organelles AND they are ALL important because they all have specific roles BUT these are the heavy hitters that we will refer to again when talking about energy transfer and other cell processes.

• 5th & 7th YOU WILL DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH ON THESE ORGANELLES!

• Due Dec 3rd