cells plant systems evolution cell division labs
TRANSCRIPT
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Cells
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Plant Systems
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Evolution
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Cell Division
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Labs
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Ecology
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Cells
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PlantSystems
EvolutionCell
Division Labs Ecology
Double Jeopardy!
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Cells
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This occurs when a cell actively
pumps a molecule across its membrane.
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Cells
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Active transport
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This acts as a barrier by only allowing a very small number of
non-polar molecules to enter
or exit a cell
Cells
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Lipid Bilayer
Cells
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The structural component of the cell that is made up of
protein filaments and found throughout the inside of eukaryotic
cells
Cells
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Cytoskeleton
Cells
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Main component of double stranded, thin and
flexible structures, and is the most
abundant protein in most eukaryotic cells
Cells
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Actin
Cells
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These contain oxidative enzymes and other enzymes that help produce
and degrade hydrogen peroxide
Cells
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Peroxisomes
Cells
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Mechanisms by which water is carried
upward through the xylem
Plant Systems
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Adhesion and Cohesion
Plant Systems
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This considers the differences in osmotic concentration and the
differences in pressure, and
determines osmosis
Plant Systems
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Water potential
Plant Systems
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An inhibitor hormone that
causes guard cells of the stomata to close when the plant is losing
water
Plant Systems
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Abscisic acid
Plant Systems
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Responses to stimuli that
result in long-term growth of the plant toward or away from the
stimulus
Plant Systems
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Tropisms
Plant Systems
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Poinsettias, chrysanthemums and asters are in this
group of flowers that don’t bloom when light interrupts
darkness
Plant Systems
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Short-Day plants
Plant Systems
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When selection pressure act
against individuals in the
middle of the trait distribution
Evolution
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Disruptive selection
Evolution
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Niles Eldrege and Stephen Gould developed this
evolutionary theory which proposed that the change we can see is evolutionarily minor and that speciation occurs suddenly only in
response to major crises or genetic events
Evolution
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Punctuated Equilibrium
Evolution
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When species of different ancestry
begin to share analogous traits
because of a shared environment or other election pressure
Evolution
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Convergent evolution
Evolution
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A burst of evolution, creating several new
species out of a single parent species
Evolution
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Adaptive radiation
Evolution
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A process in which a species may become
split into two groups that no longer share the same gene pool
Evolution
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Cladogenesis
Evolution
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This phase is marked by very thick and dense chromosomes
Cell Division
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Prophase
Cell Division
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These become fully matured on the
centromeres of the chromosome during
prometaphase
Cell Division
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Kinetochores
Cell Division
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After this process, daughter cells are very small and low
on ATP
Cell Division
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Cytokinesis
Cell Division
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Proteins associated with DNA in eukaryote
chromosomes
Cell Division
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Histone proteins
Cell Division
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These often skip the G1 and G2
phases of the cell cycle to make the process faster.
Cell Division
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Eukaryotic cells
Cell Division
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In the diffusion lab, a selectively permeable membrane contained glucose, starch and water in order to
determine this of each substance
Labs
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Molecular size
Labs
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This separates molecules on the
basis of their rate of movement under the influence of electrical fields
Labs
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Electrophoresis
Labs
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In the respiration lab, the plant with the condition had
more respiration than the other
environments because of the opening of
these
Labs
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stomata
Labs
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This experimental process allows DNA to be copied with a concentration on a gene of interest using recombinant
DNA
Labs
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DNA cloning
Labs
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Gregor Mendel used these plants to
study patterns of inheritance within a single gene pool
Labs
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Pea plants
Labs
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When an organism puts itself in danger to help others of its
species
Ecology
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Altruistic behavior
Ecology
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Also known as the prey choice model, this predicts what an
animal will do when it encounters a particular food
Ecology
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Contingency Theory
Ecology
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Species whose population size is
primarily determined by birth rate
Ecology
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R-selected species
Ecology
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A key stimulus triggers an innate releasing
mechanism which produces this, a
definite, constant response
Ecology
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Fixed action pattern
Ecology
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A type of learning where the organism
associates a regular behavior with a reward or
punishment
Ecology
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Operant conditioning
Ecology
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DoubleJeopardy!!!
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Photosynthesis
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Animal Systems
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Biotechnology
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Molecular Genetics
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Respiration
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Things we didn’t cover
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Photo-synthesis
$200
AnimalSystems
Bio-technology
MolecularGenetics
Respiration Things wedidn’t cover
Final Jeopardy!
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$800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800
$1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000
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These broaden the spectrum of light absorbed by the chloroplasts
Photosynthesis
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carotenoids
Photosynthesis
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Plants get out of “ATP debt” through
this process
Photosynthesis
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Cyclic electron flow
Photosynthesis
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In the Calvin cycle, the actual output is this
which can later be made into glucose
Photosynthesis
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Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
Photosynthesis
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Chloroplasts evolved from this
engulfing a photoautotroph
Photosynthesis
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chemoheterotroph
Photosynthesis
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Part of the leaf that doesn’t contain chloroplasts and
serve primarily as protection for the rest of the leaf
Photosynthesis
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Upper and lower epidermis
Photosynthesis
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This hormone fat that suppresses
appetite
Animal Systems
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leptin
Animal Systems
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One of the five classes of
antibodies that is released in response to
allergic reactions
Animal Systems
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IgE
Animal Systems
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This is a kidney hormone that is
released in response to low O2
Animal Systems
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Erythropoeitin
Animal Systems
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In the loop of Henle, the concentration of this is decreasing in the ascending limb
through active transport
Animal Systems
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NaCl
Animal Systems
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This process is able to develop an
egg without fertilization
Animal Systems
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pathenogenesis
Animal Systems
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In protein degradation, these molecules attach to protein by enzymes in the cytosol to start the process
Biotechnology
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Ubiquitin
Biotechnology
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This is made by isolating mRNA and
reverse transcriptase on
mRNA
Biotechnology
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cDNA
Biotechnology
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These are used to provide a larger sample size for a specific gene of
interest
Biotechnology
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plasmids
Biotechnology
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Mainly used in forensics or
paternity testing, this is used to
amplify DNA
Biotechnology
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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Biotechnology
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This is missing when DNA is sequenced for the
DNA termination method
Biotechnology
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-OH
Biotechnology
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Chromosomes with this, one X becomes almost
completely inactive during embryonic development, are
reactivated in ovary cells that give rise to
the ova
Molecular Genetics
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Barr Body
Molecular Genetics
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In the Themeselson-Stahl experiment, shows how DNA does this in a semi-conservative
manner
Molecular Genetics
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replicates
Molecular Genetics
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A sex-linked allele in humans that
causes the progressive
weakening of muscles and loss of coordination
Molecular Genetics
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Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy
Molecular Genetics
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Formed from a nondisjunction
gamete, this is a type of offspring
that has an abnormal number of chromosomes
Molecular Genetics
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aneuploidy
Molecular Genetics
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These are tiny molecules of naked, circular RNA that
infect plants and are several nucleotides
long
Molecular Genetics
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viroids
Molecular Genetics
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In the final step of Glycolysis, this enzyme
catalyzes the production of
pyruvate
Respiration
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Aldolase
Respiration
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The combination of the electron transport
chain and chemiosmosis where protons are moving
down their concentration
gradient
Respiration
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Oxidative Phosphorylation
Respiration
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A type of anaerobic respiration where a cell able to perform aerobic respiration is
deprived of oxygen
Respiration
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fermentation
Respiration
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In to prevent explosions, these
“break the fall” of electrons that are
flowing to electronegative O2
Respiration
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Electron carriers (NADH, FADH2)
Respiration
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In fish, the larger amount of this enables the most respiration through the gills
Respiration
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Surface area
Respiration
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This is the identification of
chemical substances and
their concentrations
We Didn’t Cover
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Chemoreception
We Didn’t Cover
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This process is used to determine the three-dimensional
structure of macromolecules such as nucleic acids and
proteins
We Didn’t Cover
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X-ray crystallography
We Didn’t Cover
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This occurs in humans after around 52
divisions when cell division
eventually stops
We Didn’t Cover
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Hayflick limit
We Didn’t Cover
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These are small, hydrophobic transport proteins that increase bilayer permeability for specific ions.
We Didn’t Cover
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ionophores
We Didn’t Cover
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In the Paleozoic era, after this
extinction, plants and insects began to colonize the
land
Topic 12
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Ordovician
Topic 12
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FinalJeopardy!!!
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In a reproducing environment, this
principle/equation states that both allele and
genotype frequencies in a population remain
constant
Final Jeopardy!!!
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Hardy-Weinberg Principle
p+q = 1 or p2+2pq+q2=1
Final Jeopardy!!!