cells & systems the excretory system. what does it do? our body produces a bunch of different...
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Cells & SystemsThe Excretory System
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What does it do?
• Our body produces a bunch of different waste products
• If they were to build up we could get seriously sick or worse
• Enter the excretory system!– The system responsible for waste removal
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Waste Products
• Example we’ve covered already…• What waste product do we breath out?
– CO2
• Digestive system breaks down protein we are left with ammonia– This is very toxic!I am
ammonia!!
Ummkay?
Noooo!!
Help!!
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Waste Products Cont …
• We also have processes that create …– Excess water– Excess salt– Solid waste (poop) – Etc …
• So how do we break them down and get rid of them?
GROSS!!!!
I’m Britney Spears. I don’t
understand science. Don’t
ask me!
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The Organs
• The Liver– Main role is the digestive system
• Enzyme release, filter, etc …
– In the excretory system it takes the toxic ammonia out of the blood stream
– Converts the ammonia to a substance called urea
– Puts the less harmful urea back into the bloodstream
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The Organs
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The Organs Cont …
• The Kidneys– A filter site for the body– Approx 10cm long &
you have 2– Filter blood of
unwanted/unneeded • Urea• Water• Salts
– They produce urine (pee!)
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The Organs Cont …
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The Organs Cont …
• Interesting kidney facts …
– Every drop of blood in your body on a given day is filtered about 300 times
– This means about 180L of blood passes through kidneys each day
– On average you produce 1.5L of urine per day
• Why do we filter so much?
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How do I make pee?
• 1) Blood enters kidney via renal artery• 2) Artery branches to smaller & smaller
vessels • 3) Now in capillaries they enter the filter
units called nephrons! We have millions of them
• 4) Nephrons remove waste & produce urine
• 5) Clean blood goes back into system via renal vein
• 6) Waste (urine) goes down ureter
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How do I make pee?
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Ureters & Bladder & Urethra
• Ureters are long tubes – Connect kidneys to bladder
• The bladder is sac covered in muscle tissue
• Urine enters bladder it expands – Can hold 1L of urine
• The muscles contract and push the urine out through the urethra
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Ureters & Bladder & Urethra
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The Skin
• Has anyone ever tasted their sweat?– What does it taste like?
• Below the surface of your skin there are 1000s of tiny sweat glands
• What does sweat do?– Keeps you cool– Removes excess salt
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The Power of Urine
• Urine can tell you if you have certain diseases– Diseases that for example affect how the
kidneys function • Could have protein in urine because
filtration is not happening correctly • Glucose in the urine if you have diabetes
The Power of the Nose
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Dialysis
• If your kidneys do not work properly medicine has invented a machine to do the work for you
• Dialysis Machine• It can remove the waste
from the blood just as your kidney would
• So how does it work?
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Dialysis Cont…
• During dialysis – Your blood enters a special tubing inside
the machine– The tubing is selectively permeable – The tube is surrounded by fluid– Waste diffuses out of the blood into the
fluid while certain substances diffuse back into the blood from the fluid
– Clean blood pumped back into patient– Can take 4-6 hours to fully clean the blood
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