Cells; The Basic Units of Life

                                  

Cell Theory

• All Living things are made of cells• The cell is the basic unit of life• All cells come from other living things

#1 What are the three parts to the cell theory?

• All living things are made of cells• The cell is the basic unit of life• All cells come from preexisting

cells

Types of Cells

#2 What are the two types of cells and why are there two types?

• Eukaryotic- because they have nuclei

• Prokaryotic- they DON’T have nuclei

Major Organelles of the Cell

      

#3 What is the protective covering of all cells called?

• Cell Membrane

#4 What is the second protective covering of some cells called?

• Cell Wall

#5 What is the control center of the cell called?

• The nucleus is the control center of the cell.

#6 What is the organelle located inside the nucleus that is responsible for making ribosomes called?

• Nucleolus

#7 What is the organelle called that is responsible for transporting nutrients?

• Endoplasmic reticulum

#8 What is the storage area of a cell called?

• Vacuole

#9 What structure is responsible for breaking down molecules.

• Golgi Apparatus or Golgi Bodies

#10 What structure traps the sunlight for energy and what type of cell is it found in?

• It is the chloroplast, commonly found in plant, algae, and some bacteria cells

#11 What is the powerhouse of the cell called?

• Mitochondria

#12 What stores nutrients and pigments in plant cells?

• Plastids are like small vacuoles. They hold the leftover nutrients and pigments.

Cell MembraneAllows few things to enter the cell.Allows many things to exit the cell.

#13 What are the functions of the cell membrane?

• Protection of organelles inside the cell

• Permeation of substances• Gives the cell its shape

#14 What does permeable mean?

• Stuff can enter or exit the cell

Cell Wall (bacteria)

Cell Wall (plant cell)

Cell Wall (algae)

#15 What three types of cells contain a cell membrane and a cell wall?

• Plant cells• Algae cells• Some bacteria cells

Nucleus

• The control center of the cell.• It has its own protective membrane.• It is responsible for the overall

function of the cell. (The Brain of the Cell)

• The nucleolus makes new ribosomes.

#16 What is the function of the nucleus?

• It controls all functions of the cell. It is considered the brain of the cell.

Nucleus

#17 What regulates permeation of the nucleus?

• The nuclear envelope; which is a membrane around the nucleus only. It has small pores in it to allow information and ribosomes to leave the nucleus, but keeps everything else from entering the nucleus.

Cytoplasm

#18 What is the function of cytoplasm?

• It keeps all the organelles protected.

• It gives the cell its shape.

MitochondriaResponsible for converting food to

energy

#19 What is the function of mitochondria?

• It is the powerhouse of the cell because it converts nutrients into energy.

ChloroplastResponsible for converting sunlight into energy

#20 What is the function of chloroplasts?

• It is responsible for trapping sunlight for energy.

Ribosomes

Responsible for assembling proteins.

Located throughout the cytoplasm.Also found on the endoplasmic

reticulum.

#21 Where are ribosomes found?

• They’re found on endoplasmic reticulum as well as in the cytoplasm.

#22 What is the function of ribosomes?

• They assemble nutrients into molecules of protein to be used by the mitochondria.

Endoplasmic ReticulumTransports nutrients throughout the cell

#23 What is the function of er?

• It transports materials to be used throughout the cell.

#24 What is the difference between smooth er and rough er?

• Smooth er does not have ribosome on it.

• Rough er has ribosomes found on it.

LysosomesResponsible for cleaning the inside of the

cell.

#25 What is a lysosome?

• It is the cleaning organelle. It breaks up all the waste and dead material found in the cell.

Golgi ApparatusStorage area for proteins

#26 What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

• It breaks down large molecules so that they can be utilized throughout the cell.

VacuolesStorage for nutrients in plant and animal cells

#27 What is the function of a vacuole?

• It stores all nutrients and reserve energy.

Plastids

Stores food and pigments in plant cells.

Functions the same as a vacuole.Sometimes the chloroplast may be a

plastid because it stores sunlight.Leukocytes are good examples of

plastids.

#28 What is the function of a plastid?

• It is a secondary storage area responsible for holding extra nutrients that the vacuole can’t hold, as well as pigments.

#29 What organelle is sometimes just like a plastid? Why?

• The chloroplast is sometimes like a plastid because it holds the sunlight until it can be used.