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Cell Structure

& Function

Adapted from http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

Hopkins 2010


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Cell Theory

All living things are made up of cells.

Cells are the smallest working units of all

living things.

All cells come from preexisting cells

through cell division.


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Definition of Cell

A cell is the smallest unit that is

capable of performing life

functions.


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Examples of Cells

Amoeba Proteus

Plant Stem

Red Blood Cell

Nerve Cell

Bacteria


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Two Types of Cells

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic


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Prokaryotic

Do not havestructuressurrounded by

membranes Few internal

structures

One-celledorganisms,Bacteria

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html


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Eukaryotic

Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms

Plant Animal

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html


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Typical Animal Cell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif


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http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

Typical Plant Cell


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Cell Shape

Plants - Has a regular shape

Animal - has irregular or roundshape


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Cell PartsOrganelles


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Surrounding the Cell


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Cell Membrane

Outer membrane of cell

that controls movement

in and out of the cell

Double layer

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html


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Cell Wall

Most commonly found

in plant cells &

bacteria

Supports & protectscells



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Inside the Cell


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Nucleus

Directs cell activities

Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear

membrane

Contains genetic material - DNA


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Nuclear Membrane

Surrounds nucleus

Made of two layers

Openings allow

material to enter andleave nucleus



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Chromosomes

In nucleus

Made of DNA

Contain instructions

for traits &characteristics



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Nucleolus

Inside nucleus

Contains RNA to build

proteins



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Cytoplasm

Gel-like mixture

Surrounded by cell membrane

Contains hereditary material


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Endoplasmic Reticulum

Moves materials aroundin cell

Smooth type: lacks

ribosomes

Rough type (pictured):ribosomes embedded in

surface



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Ribosomes

Each cell contains

thousands

Make proteins

Found on ribosomes& floating throughout

the cell



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Mitochondria

Produces energy through

chemical reactions

breaking down fats &

carbohydrates Controls level of water and

other materials in cell

Recycles and decomposes

proteins, fats, andcarbohydrates



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Golgi Bodies

Protein 'packaging

plant'

Move materials within

the cell Move materials out of

the cell



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Lysosome

Digestives proteins, fats,and carbohydrates

Transports undigested

material to cell

membrane for removal

Cell breaks down if

lysosome explodes

Usually not found inplants



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Vacuoles

Membrane-bound

sacs for storage,

digestion, and waste

removal Contains water

solution

Help plants maintain

shape



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Vacuoles

Plant bigger

vacuoles

Animal smallervacuoles



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Chloroplast

Usually found in plant

cells

Contains green

chlorophyll Where

photosynthesis takes

place


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