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TRANSCRIPT
Cellular network with capacity transfer
ITU Regional Seminar for CIS and Europe «Development of modern
radiocommunication ecosystems»
6-8 June 2018
Russian Telecom
Equipment Company
Y. Gromakov
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor
Senior Vice President
Y. Borisov
Aspirant, Moscow Aviation Institute
Research Associate
Problem areas of cellular communication development: high
CAPEX/OPEX, large power consumption of sites
The cellular communications system with capacity transfer is based on changing of the network topology
without changing the generally accepted standards of cellular communications (GSM, UMTS, LTE, 5G,
etc.), using standard subscriber stations and terminals.
2
Developing markets
Rural areas
Road routes
Mountain areas
Coverage in buildings
CAPEX savings 2–3 times
OPEX savings 2–3 times
Power consumption savings 5–7 times per site
Solutions to problems of cellular communication development
Cellular communications system with capacity transfer
Principles of cellular communications system with capacity transfer
3
Cellular communications system schemes for small towns
4 base stations (BTS)
1 base station and 3 CTR
Cellular communications linear scheme
R, кмBTS2 BTS3 BTS4BTS1
R0 R0 R0 R0
41 2 3 441 2 3 4
R, км
FO
ML ML ML ML
TRX4
TRX3
TRX2
X3
X2
X1
X2
X1
X1
GSM900
BTS
DU
CTR1 CTR2 CTR3
TRX1
FRRF
Converter
FRFR
GSM900
GSM900
GSM900
PS
PS
PS
PS
TRX4
TRX3
TRX2
X3
X2
X1
X2
X1
X1
GSM900
BTS
DU
CTR1 CTR2 CTR3
TRX1
FRRF
Converter
FRFR
GSM900
GSM900
GSM900
PS
PS
PS
PS
GSM900
D U
TRX1
PSGSM900
BTS1
DU
TRX1
PSGSM900
D U
TRX1
PSGSM900
BTS2
DU
TRX1
PS GSM900
D U
TRX1
PSGSM900
BTS3
DU
TRX1
PS GSM900
D U
TRX1
PSGSM900
BTS4
DU
TRX1
PS
TRX4
TRX3
TRX2
X3
X2
X1
X2
X1
X1
GSM900
BTS
DU
CTR1 CTR2 CTR3
TRX1
FRRF
Converter
FRFR
GSM900
GSM900
GSM900
PS
PS
PS
PS
TRX4
TRX3
TRX2
X3
X2
X1
X2
X1
X1
GSM900
BTS
DU
CTR1 CTR2 CTR3
TRX1
FRRF
Converter
FRFR
GSM900
GSM900
GSM900
PS
PS
PS
PS
CTR1 CTR2 CTR3BTS1
R0 R0 R0 R0
42 3 4
R, км
1
FR
FR
FR
FO
Standard cellular communications
system
Cellular communications
system with capacity transfer
FO
F
The capacity transfer scheme is applicable for any cellular communication standards (GSM, UMTS, LTE, 5G,
etc.). The cellular communication systems with capacity transfer equipment (CTR) are compatible with base
stations of any vendor (Ericsson, Nokia, Huawei, ZTE etc.)
n CTR - Capacity Transfer
Radio
n FO - Fiber-Optic (ВОЛС)
n RC - RF convertor
CTR CTR CTR CTR CTR
CTR CTR CTR CTR CTR
CTRCTRCTR CTR
CTRCTR CTR CTR CTR
CTR CTR CTR CTR CTR
FO
FO
CTR CTR CTR
CTR CTR
CTR CTR CTR
BS
Cellular communication system with capacity transfer and option unit
at the base station
4
The option unit at the bearing base station replaces high-power (20-40 W) transceivers of the standard
base station (TRX), with low-power (0.2-0.5 W). The use of the option unit eliminates the need for the use
of a radio frequency converter RC and a microwave link (ML), since it generates a cellular signal at relay
frequencies (for example, 6-20 GHz). As a result, the cost of a bearing base station with an option unit and
its power consumption is significantly lower compared to the previous version of the capacity transfer
scheme using a standard base station with standard transceivers with a power of 20-40 W.
a)
b) CTR1 CTR2 CTR3 BTS
R0 R0 R0 R0
1 2 3 4
R, км
FO
X 3
X 2
X 1
X 2
X 1
X 1
GSM
900
BS
DU
CTR1 CTR2 CTR3
TRX1
F R F R F R
GSM
900
GSM
900
GSM
900
PS
PS
PS
PS
F R
F R
F R
2 3 4
0.2–0.5 W Option unit
n CTR – Capacity Transfer Radio
C-RAN Cellular communications system with capacity transfer
The number of Fronthaul fiber-optic (FO) lines is reduced by N times, where N is the number of
sites in the communication scheme (25 times in the presented case).
RRH RRH RRH
RRH RRH RRH
RRH RRH RRH
RRH RRH RRH
RRH RRH RRH
RRH
RRH
RRH
RRH
RRH
RRH
RRH
RRH
RRH
RRH
BBU
Core Network
BBU
F r o n t h a u l
B a c kh a u l
CTR CTR CTR
CTR RRH CTR
CTR CTR CTR
CTR
CTR
CTR
CTR
CTR
CTR
CTR
CTR
CTR
BBU
Core Network
BBU
F r o n t h a u l
B a c kh a u l
CTR CTR CTR CTR
5
Standard cellular communications system Cellular communications system with capacity transfer (CTR)
The reduction of the number of inter-cell handover and transport channels
(FO, ML) in the city
6
In a city, where the radius of the cell is 100-400 m, the quality of the communications determined largely by
the number of handovers. Use of the technology of capacity transfer in the presented scheme with CTR
reduces the number of inter-cell handover by 18 times, the area of the handover zone is reduced by 36
times.
Standard cellular communications system
Cellular communications system with capacity transfer (CTR)
handover directions
Core Network Core Network
Topology of cellular communications system with capacity transfer (1/2)
7
The cellular communications system with capacity transfer opens the possibility of use a flexible network
topology on the basis of the possibility of a chain connection of the CTR with each other and with the base
station, provides a reduction in communication disruptions, improved quality of service, providing coverage
in buildings, as well as in subways and underground premises without a handover with above-ground
network.
Standard cellular communications system Cellular communications system with capacity transfer
1 base station (BS) + 6 CTR 7 base stations (BS)
5 base stations (BS) 1 base station (BS) + 4 CTR
Topology of cellular communications system with capacity transfer (2/2)
8
The replacement of the standard connection of each base station to the Core Network via fiber optic link with the CTR communication scheme – connection of the bearing base station to CTR via the relay channel, significantly reduces the number of inter-cell handovers, increasing the reliability and quality of communications.
1 base stations (BS) + 6 CTR
7 base stations (BS) + 6 spans FO/ML
Core Network
Core Network
Base station service
area
Base station service
area
50-60 km
Standard cellular communications
system
Cellular communications
system with capacity transfer
CTR CTR CTR CTR CTR
CTR CTR CTR CTR CTR
CTRCTRCTR CTR
CTRCTR CTR CTR CTR
CTR CTR CTR CTR CTR
BS
Integrated system of satellite and cellular communication with capacity
transfer
The integrated system allows to significantly reduce the requirements for on-board equipment of the
satellite communication system due to the use of ground tracking antenna systems with a narrow beam
pattern (high gain) combined with a bearing base station of cellular communication system with capacity
transfer.
Provides communication with mobile subscribers in buildings,
Local traffic from mobile subscribers remains in the cluster of the bearing cellular base station,
Cheap cellular terminals might be used.
9
BTS2 BTS3 BTS4BTS1
R0 R0 R0 R0
41 2 3 441 2 3 4
R, км
CTR1 CTR2 CTR3BTS1
R0 R0 R0 R0
42 3 4
R, км
1
FR
FR
FR
4 Base Stations, 4 Satellite Terminals
1 Base Stations, 1 Satellite Terminal,
3 CTR
Communication scheme for rural
Linear network diagram
Cellular communication systems with capacity transfer for creating of
local zones in emergency situations
10
Cellular Network GSM/UMTS/LTE
Satellite Gateway
Teleport
Cellular Base Station
Characteristics Value
Max payload 20 kg
Max. Lifting height 100 м
Lifting time to a height of 100 m 30 s
Dimensions (length * width * height) 1,6*1,6*0,2 м
Flight time Unlimited
R -8-10 km CTR
CTR
CTR
CTR
CTR
BS
The use of the cellular communication system with capacity transfer
simultaneously by several operators (RAN Sharing)
11
BTS
1
BTS
BTS
2 3 123
BTS
BTS
BTS50 – 60 km
The ability of CTR to work with base stations of any vendor allows to implement a communication
scheme with capacity transfer simultaneously for several operators.
For each of the 3 operators provides:
6 base stations of cellular communication and 6 microwave links (ML) replaced with 6 shared CTRs;
the number of towers and sites reduced 3 times;
energy consumption per the site reduced 5-7 times;
light masts used;
significantly accelerated the construction of the network.
Scheme of the joint RAN Sharing test zone
(Operators «A» and «B»)
12
Operator «A»
The installation of CTR, shared by 2 operators, using common towers for all operators, allows to reduce the
use of standard base stations and to provide multiple expansion of coverage areas and capacity of the
network.
Operator «B» RAN Sharing
The use of CTR to provide continuous coverage of the road route for 2 operators
n RC – Radiofrequency Convertor
CTR2
CTR1
CTR1 RC1
RC2
Effectiveness of cellular communications system with capacity transfer
use for different communication schemes
13
Communication scheme Cost reduction (BS /
CTR) for network
fragment
RAN
Sharing
opera-
tors
Cost reduction (BS /
CTR) for network
fragment, for each
operator
BS based CTR based Equip-ment
Electri-city
Equip-ment
Electri-city
Linear 3 sites
2,0 2,3
2 3,4 2,6
3 3,8 2,6
Linear 5 sites
2,4 3,1
2 4,1 3,6
3 4,5 3,6
Linear 7 sites
2,6 3,6
2 4,4 4,2
3 4,8 4,2
Rectangular 9 sites
2,2 4,0
2 5,0 5,1
3 5,5 5,1
Rectangular 25 sites
2,4 5,2
2 5,6 7,0
3 6,1 7,0
CTR BS CTR
CTR1 CTR2 CTR3
CTR4 CTR5
CTR6 CTR7 CTR8
BS
CTR7 CTR8 CTR9
CTR12 CTR13
CTR16 CTR17 CTR18
BS
CTR1 CTR2 CTR3
CTR20 CTR21 CTR22
CTR4 CTR5
CTR23 CTR24
CTR10
CTR14
CTR19
CTR6
CTR11
CTR15
BS BS BS
BS BS BS BS BS
BS BS BS BS BS BS BS
BS BS BS
BS BS
BS BS BS
BS
BS BS BS
BS BS
BS BS BS
BS
BS BS BS
BS BS BS
BS BS
BS BS
BS
BS
BS
BS
BS
BS
CTR BS CTR CTR CTR
CTR BS CTR CTR CTR CTR CTR
Results of GSM 900 cellular communications system with capacity
transfer tests at commercial network of operator «A»
The tests showed that the characteristics of the GSM network fragment built on the basis of CTR are not
inferior to the characteristics of the network fragment built on the basis of standard base stations, both in
mesures of the created coverage and quality of service.
The power consumption of the radiofrequency converter RC is not more than 100 W, and the power
consumption of the CTR in the maximum configuration (6 frequency channels) is not higher than 320 W.
14
Commercial network
coverage area
CTR coverage area
High signal level
Low signal level
CTRs are installed on the
sites of base stations of
the commercial GSM 900
network
GSM 900 cellular communications system with capacity transfer tests
15
GSM 900 6 channels CTR
General view of BTS site power consumption around 5 kW
General view of CTR site power consumption up to 320 W
Six-channel CTR on mast of operator «A» at Kirov town
3x sector UMTS or LTE CTR
power consumption 180 W power consumption 320 W
Recommendation ITU-T L.1700 Supplement 30 and
invention patents
Russia USA Europe
China India
16
Ukraine