cellular respiration and photosynthesis
DESCRIPTION
Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis. Energy. All organisms use energy to survive Cells in your body use energy to maintain the organism in which they make up Examples of different forms of energy. Light Energy. Heat Energy. Sound Energy. Elastic Energy. Electrical Energy. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
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All organisms use energy to survive Cells in your body use energy to maintain
the organism in which they make up Examples of different forms of energy
Energy
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Light Energy
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Heat Energy
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Sound Energy
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Elastic Energy
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Electrical Energy
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Motion Energy
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Chemical Energy
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Cells get energy when the chemical bonds in food are broken such as glucose and starch.
The main form of cellular energy is Adenosine Triphosphate or ATP
Cellular Energy
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ATP: stores and releases energy
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Phosphates determine how much energy exists
ADP: 2 phosphate groups
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ADP is your uncharged battery; ATP is your charged battery
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ADP to ATP
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Energy is released when the 3rd phosphate group is broken off
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How Chemical Equations Work
What goes in
What comes out
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Equations are balanced
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ATP is the molecule we use to get energy. Now, we need a process in order to get a bunch of ATP so we can use it as energy.
Cellular Respiration: How we get ATP
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Starts in the cytoplasm with glycolysis Take one molecule of glucose and through a
series of chemical reactions, we get 2 ATP molecules.
Glucose = C6H12O6
Glucose Chemical Reactions 2 ATP
Cellular Respiration: Step 1
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Before step 2 takes place, you must ask a question. “Is oxygen present?”
Cellular Respiration: Step 2 (2 possibilities)
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Step 2 if oxygen is present goes to a process called Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic literally means ‘living in air’ Aerobic Respiration is divided into 2 parts
Oxygen present? YES
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Part 1 is called the Krebs Cycle This takes place in the mitochondria and
produces 2 more ATP
Aerobic Respiration: Part 1
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Part 2 of Aerobic Respiration is called the Electron Transport Chain
Take place in the mitochondria as well but produces 34 more ATP
Total ATP produced: 36 Calculate: 2 + 2 + 34 - 2 = 36
Aerobic Respiration: Part 2
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Amount used up during process
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Summary
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Chemical Equation for Aerobic Respiration
Reactants Products 36 ATP
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If no oxygen is present, then Part 2 of Cellular Respiration goes to a process called Anaerobic Respiration
Produces only 2 ATP from one glucose molecule
Occurs in the cytoplasm Two types of Anaerobic Respiration
Oxygen present? No
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Lactic acid builds up in your muscles after you do exercise.
Type 1: Lactic Acid Fermentation
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Used by plant cells and some microorganisms such as yeast
Produces ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. Other names are ethanol, pure alcohol, drinking alcohol, and grain alcohol
Type 2: Alcoholic Fermentation
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Wine through grapes Mead through honey Beer, whiskey, vodka through grain Rum through sugarcane Bread rises due to the formation of carbon
dioxide
Common products made through alcoholic fermentation
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Anaerobic Respiration Summary
Glucose
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Lactic Acid
Alcoholic Fermentation
Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide
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Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration
Oxygen must be present Oxygen NOT needed
Takes place in mitochondria Takes place in cytoplasm
Produces 36 ATP Produces 2 ATP
Compare the Two
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Cells get their energy from converting glucose into ATP.
Glucose gets its energy from the main source, which is the sun.
Living things are divided into two categories
Energy: the source
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Heterotrophs: organisms that must eat other organisms to survive (consumers)
Autotrophs: Organisms that use the energy directly from the sun (producers)
Two types of living things
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The process that uses the energy from the sun to change water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen.
The equation for Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
Inorganic: cannot consume
Organic: CAN consume
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Photosynthesis ‘fixes’ carbon so we can eat it though a process called carbon fixation
Fixing Carbon
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Light dependent reactions Must have light Chlorophyll, the green pigment in
chloroplasts, absorbs sunlight. This energy is used to convert ADP to ATP Water molecules are split to form oxygen,
hydrogen ions, and electrons
Photosynthesis: Part 1
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NADP: a molecule similar to ADP that carries hydrogen ions to the next step which then becomes NADPH
The ADP cousin
CO2 H+
6CO2 + 6H2OO2
NADP
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This stage is called the Calvin Cycle also called light independent reaction
Light is NOT needed here
Photosynthesis: Part 2
CO2 + H+ C6H12O6
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Both equations are opposites
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Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis
Takes place where? All cells Cells with chlorophyll
Occurs when? All of the time In the presence of light
What goes in? (the reactants)
Glucose and oxygen Carbon dioxide and water
What comes out? (the products)
Carbon dioxide and water
Glucose and oxygen
Energy source? Chemical bonds in glucose
Light
Result? Energy is stored as ATP
Energy is stored as glucose
Comparison Chart