cellular respiration cellular respiration releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon-...
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Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration releases chemical
energy from sugars and other carbon-based molecules to make ATP.
It is an aerobic process.needs oxygen to take place.
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Cellular Respiration Cell respiration takes place in the
mitochondria.Foods are broken down into small
molecules like glucose.Glucose is broken down during glycolysis.
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Glycolysis Glycolysis
Takes place BEFORE cell respiration.
Splits the glucose molecule into two three-carbon molecules and makes two molecules of ATP.
It takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell.
It is an anaerobic process.○ Does NOT require oxygen
to take place.
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Krebs Cycle The first part of cellular respiration.
Sometimes called the citric-acid cycle.
Produces molecules that carry energy to the second part of cellular respiration. (NADH and FADH2)
Takes place in the interior space (matrix) of the mitochondria.
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Krebs Cycle
1. Pyruvate broken down.Pyruvate is split into 3
molecules of carbon Dioxide which are given off as waste
• 4 molecules of NADH and one FADH2 form.
• They will move to the electron transport chain.
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Krebs Cycle Products
• The Krebs cycle will break down TWO pyruvate molecules at the same time.
• Products:– 6 carbon dioxide molecules.– 2 molecules of ATP– 8 molecules of NADH
• Will go to the electron transport chain.– 2 molecules of FADH2
• Will go to the electron transport chain.
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Electron Transport Chain Second part of cellular respiration. Energy from the Krebs cycle (NADH and FADH2)
is transferred to a chain of proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
A large number of ATP molecules are made. Oxygen is used to make water molecules.
Water and heat are given off as a waste
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Electron Transport Chain1. Electrons removed.
Proteins inside the mitochondrion take high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2. ○ Two molecules of NADH and one of FADH2 are used.
2. Hydrogen ions transported.Hydrogen ions are built up along the inner
mitochondrial membrane using energy from the electrons.
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Electron Transport Chain
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Electron Transport Chain Products For EACH molecule of glucose the ETC
can make:Up to 34 molecules of ATP
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Cellular Respiration Products• Up to 38 ATP are made from the
breakdown of ONE glucose molecule.– 2 ATP from glycolysis– 36 ATP from cellular respiration (Krebs - 2)
Cycle and Electron Transport Chain - 34)
• Other products include carbon dioxide and water.
• The equation for cellular respiration is:– C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O
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Fermentation• Fermentation is an anaerobic process
that takes place when there is less oxygen in the body (i.e. during strenuous activity)
• Fermentation does NOT make ATP, but it allows glycolysis to continue.– Glycolysis needs NAD+ to pick up electrons
when it splits glucose into pyruvate. – Fermentation removed electrons from
NADH molecules and recycles NAD+ molecules for glycolysis.
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Lactic Acid Fermentation in Animals1. Pyruvate and NADH from
glycolysis enter fermentation.Two NADH molecules are used to
convert pyruvate into lactic acid.○ As the NADH is used, it converts
back to NAD+.
2. TWO molecules of NAD+ are recycled back to glycolysis.This allows your body to continue
to break down sugar for energy!
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Alcoholic Fermentation in Plants1. Pyruvate and NADH from
glycolysis enter alcoholic fermentation.The NADH molecules provide energy
to break pyruvate into alcohol and carbon dioxide.○ As the NADH are used, they are
converted to NAD+.
2. The molecules of NAD+ are recycled back to glycolysis. The recycling of NAD+ allows
glycolysis to continue.
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Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration and
Photosynthesis are approximately the reverse of each other.
Photosynthesis stores energy. Cellular Respiration releases it.
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Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Organelle for Process
Chloroplast Mitochondria
Reactants CO2 and H2O Sugars (C6H12O6) and O2
Electron Transport Chain
Proteins within thylakoid membrane
Proteins within inner mitochondrial membrane
Cycle of Chemical Reactions
Calvin cycle in stroma of chloroplasts builds sugar molecules.
Krebs cycle in matrix of mitochondria breaks down carbon-based molecules.
Products Sugars (C6H12O6) and O2
CO2 and H2O