PROPERTIES OF LIFEPROPERTIES OF LIFEWE HAVE ALREADY DISCUSSEDWE HAVE ALREADY DISCUSSED

CELLS REPRODUCTIONMETABOLISM-

USE OF ENERGY

HEREDITY RESPONSIVENESSGROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

INTERNAL BALANCE

NOW WE CONTINUE TO NOW WE CONTINUE TO FOCUS ONFOCUS ON

METABOLISM-

USE OF ENERGY

Who remembers Who remembers the formula the formula

for for PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

? ?

Write down the formula on Write down the formula on your study guide using your study guide using words, symbols or both.words, symbols or both.

The Relationship Between The Relationship Between Photosynthesis and Cell Photosynthesis and Cell

RespirationRespiration

Fill out as much as you know with your table Fill out as much as you know with your table partner!partner!

Do it NOW!Do it NOW!

Word Bank: Word Bank:

Autotrophs/HeterotrophsAutotrophs/Heterotrophs ATPATPCytoplasm/MitochondriaCytoplasm/Mitochondria COCO22 & H & H22OOChloroplasts in PlantsChloroplasts in Plants Cells FunctioningCells FunctioningThe Sun’s EnergyThe Sun’s Energy GlucoseGlucoseAutotrophsAutotrophs

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

IN

TO COMBINE

TO MAKE

Which is used for

USES

PROCESS DONE BY

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

RELEASES

PROCESS DONE BY

IN

THAT IS USED FOR

PRODUCES

RELATIONSHIP BEWTEEN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELL RESPIRATION  

AUTOTROPHS

CHLOROPLASTS IN PLANTS

THE SUN”S ENERGY

CO2 and H2O

GLUCSOSE

AUTOTROPHS & HETEROTROPHS

Cytoplasm/

mitochondria

ATP

CELLS

FUNCTIONING

Now that we have the food…Now that we have the food…

Photosynthesis makes food right? What is that food?

GLUCOSEGLUCOSE

But once the glucose is made, it needs to be But once the glucose is made, it needs to be transferred into a more useful form. It needs to go transferred into a more useful form. It needs to go from food energy to cellular energy. We call this from food energy to cellular energy. We call this energy ATP and the process defined as:energy ATP and the process defined as:

When an organism breaks glucose and transfers glucose energy into cell energy (ATP).

Is called CELLULAR RESPIRATIONIs called CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration FormulaFormula

The formula for cellular respiration is…The formula for cellular respiration is…

Glucose + OGlucose + O22 CO CO22 + Water + + Water + ATPATP

Hmmmm… that looks familiar, doesn’t it? Well Hmmmm… that looks familiar, doesn’t it? Well it should… WHY?????it should… WHY?????BECAUSE IT IS THE OPPOSITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESISBECAUSE IT IS THE OPPOSITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration What does cellular respiration produce?What does cellular respiration produce?

ATPATP

What is ATP?What is ATP?

A Molecule that transfers A Molecule that transfers ENERGY!!! ENERGY!!!

What organisms perform cellular respiration?What organisms perform cellular respiration?

Cells. Duh. Cells. Duh.

Seriously though, all cells use respiration- plants, Seriously though, all cells use respiration- plants, animals, fish, bugs, fungi etc.animals, fish, bugs, fungi etc.

TABLE PARTNER THINKING: TABLE PARTNER THINKING: “Cellular Respiration & “Cellular Respiration &

Photosynthesis”Photosynthesis”

Write in the space provided Write in the space provided similarities and differencessimilarities and differences of of cellular respiration and cellular respiration and photosynthesis. How do you think photosynthesis. How do you think they relate?!?!they relate?!?!

Also: Think about what Also: Think about what you think cells use ATP for.you think cells use ATP for.

PHOTOSYNTHESISPHOTOSYNTHESISCELLULAR CELLULAR

RESPIRATIONRESPIRATION

BOTHBOTH

ATP can be used to power such cellular reactions as active transport and protein formation.

2 Stages of Cell 2 Stages of Cell Respiration:Respiration:

Step 1:Step 1: Glycolysis- produces 2 ATP Glycolysis- produces 2 ATP

Step 2:Step 2: Aerobic (with oxygen)- 36 Aerobic (with oxygen)- 36 ATPATP

OROR

Anaerobic (without oxygen)-No Anaerobic (without oxygen)-No additional ATP madeadditional ATP made

Cell Respiration: Step 1- Cell Respiration: Step 1- GlycolysisGlycolysis

GlucoseGlucose (produced by ________) is a 6- (produced by ________) is a 6-Carbon molecule.Carbon molecule.

GlycolysisGlycolysis (occurs in the cytoplasm), using ATP to (occurs in the cytoplasm), using ATP to change Glucose into two 3-Carbon molecules called change Glucose into two 3-Carbon molecules called pyruvatepyruvate, when the pyruvate is formed , when the pyruvate is formed this also this also produces 2 ATP!produces 2 ATP!

and… 2 ATP molecules!and… 2 ATP molecules!

21 3 4 5 61 Glucose Molecule

1 2 3 1 2 32 Pyruvate Molecules

photosynthesiphotosynthesiss

ATP ATP

++

= Carbon = Carbon AtomAtom

MINI REVIEWMINI REVIEWGlycolysis (Step 1)Glycolysis (Step 1)

Where does glycolysis occur?Where does glycolysis occur?

CytoplasmCytoplasm

Glycolysis converts ________ to Glycolysis converts ________ to _______._______.

Glucose to PyruvateGlucose to Pyruvate

How many Carbons does Glucose How many Carbons does Glucose have? Pyruvate? have? Pyruvate?

6 for Glucose; 3 for Pyruvate6 for Glucose; 3 for Pyruvate

Step 2 of Cell Respiration: Step 2 of Cell Respiration: 2 Options2 Options

Two options for using the pyruvate Two options for using the pyruvate (sometimes called pyruvic acid)(sometimes called pyruvic acid)

made in glycolysismade in glycolysis

Option 1: Option 1: Without Without oxygen oxygen

Option 2: Option 2: With With OxygenOxygen

Step 2 of Cell Respiration: Step 2 of Cell Respiration:

Option 1: Anaerobic respiration Option 1: Anaerobic respiration (without oxygen- “anti aerobic”)(without oxygen- “anti aerobic”)

IN THE CELLS CYTOPLASMIN THE CELLS CYTOPLASM

Anaerobic is also called Anaerobic is also called FermentationFermentation occurs when there is occurs when there is NO OXYGENNO OXYGEN

No more ATP is formed. No more ATP is formed.

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION AKA FERMENTATIONAKA FERMENTATION

WHEN IT OCCURS IN WHEN IT OCCURS IN PLANTSPLANTS

ALCOHOLALCOHOLis produced from the pyruvateis produced from the pyruvate..

This is what brewers This is what brewers use for beers! Have use for beers! Have you heard of Beer you heard of Beer

fermentation?fermentation?

WHEN IT OCCURS IN WHEN IT OCCURS IN ANIMALSANIMALS

LACTIC ACIDLACTIC ACIDis produced from the pyruvateis produced from the pyruvate. .

Many athletes know Many athletes know about this substance about this substance and its side effects- and its side effects-

cramps/sorenesscramps/soreness

Clothespin…Clothespin…

Squeeze your clothespin for one minute Squeeze your clothespin for one minute solid… on you mark… get set…. GO!!!solid… on you mark… get set…. GO!!!

Why are your fingers tired? What do Why are your fingers tired? What do you think that has to do you think that has to do

with lactic acid? What with lactic acid? What

does it have to do with does it have to do with

cellular respiration?cellular respiration?

                                         

Step 2 of Cell Respiration: Step 2 of Cell Respiration:

Option 2: Aerobic Respiration (with Option 2: Aerobic Respiration (with oxygen)oxygen)

A whopping A whopping 36 ATP36 ATP molecules are formed molecules are formed with this method! with this method!

Takes place in the Takes place in the mitochondriamitochondria, with a , with a complex series of complex series of

chemical reactions chemical reactions

called the called the Krebs CycleKrebs Cycle..

Aerobic Cellular Aerobic Cellular respiration Produces the respiration Produces the

Most Energy!Most Energy!

Remember Aerobic Remember Aerobic means with means with oxygen. For oxygen. For

example:example: AAerobic erobic exercise is exercise exercise is exercise that requires that requires sustained amounts sustained amounts of Oxygen for long of Oxygen for long periods of time.periods of time.

Gosh, I look good.

Were you tired? Your cells Were you tired? Your cells might bemight be

To gain some appreciation for the amount of cellular energy needed to perform life functions consider the following:

–Each cell in the human body used between 1 to 2 million ATP molecules each minute.

–Now multiple that by the fact that you have 100-150 trillion cells in your body.That ends up being one heck of a lot of ATP!

In review…In review…

2 Stages of Cell 2 Stages of Cell Respiration:Respiration:

Step 1:Step 1: Glycolysis- 6 Glucose split and Glycolysis- 6 Glucose split and converted to Pyruvate… producing a small converted to Pyruvate… producing a small amount of ATP (2 molecules).amount of ATP (2 molecules).

Step 2:Step 2: Aerobic (with oxygen)-Aerobic (with oxygen)- pyruvate pyruvate is used to make large amounts of ATP (36 is used to make large amounts of ATP (36 molecules) molecules) in the mitochondriain the mitochondria..Anaerobic (without oxygen)-Anaerobic (without oxygen)- pyruvate pyruvate converted into either lactic acid or ethanol converted into either lactic acid or ethanol in the cytoplasmin the cytoplasm, no more ATP. , no more ATP.

The Basics of Cell The Basics of Cell RespirationRespiration

Step 1:Step 1:

(This step is glycolysis!)(This step is glycolysis!)

Step 2: Step 2: (Anaerobic-(Anaerobic- (Aerobic- with (Aerobic- with oxygen)oxygen)

no oxygen)no oxygen)

GlucoseIn cytoplasm

Pyruvate

2 ATP

Ethanol & CO2 or Lactic Acid

Mitochondria

36 ATPIn CytoplasmIn Cytoplasm

Just so you know…Just so you know…

LAB TIMELAB TIME

How might cells and cellular How might cells and cellular respiration be affected by a respiration be affected by a

temperature change?temperature change?

What happens when you workout? What happens when you workout? Sweat, breath heavier, heart rate goes Sweat, breath heavier, heart rate goes up, etc.up, etc.

Why? Why? Because your muscle cells are working Because your muscle cells are working harder! They are respiring just like harder! They are respiring just like you!you!

LAB TIMELAB TIME

Let’s test this out on other Let’s test this out on other cellscellsDoes anyone remember how we measured the rate Does anyone remember how we measured the rate

of photosynthesis in our last experiment?of photosynthesis in our last experiment?

So, who has an idea of how we can measure the So, who has an idea of how we can measure the rate of cellular respiration?rate of cellular respiration?

We counted the number of oxygen bubblesWe counted the number of oxygen bubbles

LAB REVEALEDLAB REVEALEDHopefully you figured out that…Hopefully you figured out that…

As temperature increases…As temperature increases…

cellular respiration increases!cellular respiration increases!

A formula called the Q10 coefficient says:

For every 10 degree increase in temperature, the rate of respiration doubles!

Before we end…Before we end…

Is there anything you want to add to your Venn Is there anything you want to add to your Venn Diagram?Diagram?

The Basics of Cell The Basics of Cell RespirationRespiration

Step 1:Step 1:(Glycolysis)(Glycolysis)

Step 2:Step 2: (Anaerobic-(Anaerobic- (Aerobic- (Aerobic-

no oxygen)no oxygen)with oxygen)with oxygen)

_ ATP

__ ATP

Cellular Respiration Glycolysis

Makes

For

First step is

Occurs in

Produces

Anaerobic Aerobic

Produces Occurs in

(In plants)aka:

(In animals)

Produces

THE ENDTHE END