cellular technology overview
TRANSCRIPT
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Cellular Technology Overview
CFLEE - 20160308
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Contents
• 1. Cellular Technology Roadmap
• 2. Cellular Architecture
• 3. Long Term Evolution (LTE)
• 4. Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS)
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1 . C E L L U L A R T E C H N O L O G Y R O A D M A P
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Cellular Technology Roadmap
W-CDMA (R99)DL: 384 KbpsUL: 64 Kbps
HSDPA (R5)DL: 14.4 MbpsUL: 384 Kbps
HSPA+ (R7)DL: 21 MbpsUL: 11.5 Mbps
LTE (R8)DL: 326.4 MbpsUL: 86.4 Mbps
1999
HSUPA (R6)DL: 14.4 MbpsUL: 5.76 Mbps
2002
2005
2007
2009LTE Communication speeds up to 1000 times faster than W-CDMA!!
W-CDMA: 4 hours HSDPA: 6 minutes LTE: Several tens of seconds
Example: Music CD (10 songs) download time
4G (R10)DL: 1 GbpsUL: 500 Mbps
2011+
GSM/GPRS(R97)DL: 40 KbpsUL: 14 Kbps
1997
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Rel. Date Main Features of Release
Phase 1 1992 GSM Features
Phase 2 1995 GSM Features, EFR Codec
Rel.96 1997 Q1 GSM Features, 14.4 kbit/s User Data Rate
Rel.97 1998 Q1 GSM Features, GPRS
Rel.98 1999 Q1 GSM Features, AMR, EDGE, GPRS for PCS1900
Rel.99 2000 Q1 UMTS 3.84 Mcps (W-CDMA FDD & TDD)
Rel.4 2001 Q1 1.28 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA)
Rel.5 2002 Q2 HSDPA
Rel.6 2005 Q1 HSUPA (E-DCH)
Rel.7 2007 Q4 HSPA+ (64QAM DL, MIMO, 16QAM UL), LTE & SAE Feasibility Study, Edge Evolution
Rel.8 2009 Q1 LTE Work Item – OFDMA air interface SAE Work Item – New IP core network UMTS Femtocells, Dual Carrier HSDPA
Rel.9 2010 Q1 Multi-standard Radio (MSR), Dual Carrier HSUPA, Dual Band HSDPA, SON, LTE Femtocells (HeNB) LTE-Advanced feasibility study, MBSFN
Rel.10 2011 Q3 LTE-Advanced (4G) work item, CoMP Study Four carrier HSDPA
Rel.11 2013 Q1 CoMP, eDL MIMO, eCA, MIMO OTA, HSUPA TxD & 64QAM MIMO, HSDPA 8C & 4x4 MIMO, MB MSR
Rel.12 2015 Q1 3DL CA, D2D, MTC, NAICS, Dual connectivity, small cells….
Rel.13 2016 Q1 LAA (LTE-U), 4 CA, >5 CA study, MIMO OTA, FD MIMO
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2 . C E L L U L A R A R C H I T E C T U R E
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Legacy Architecture
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Architecture for Evolved System (LTE/SAE)
EvolvedPacket Core
GPRS Core
WLAN AccessNetwork
Inter Access System Anchor (IASA)
Non 3GPP IPAccess
EvolvedRAN
UTRAN
GERAN
OperationalIP Services(IMS, PSS, etc.)
SGSN
3GPPAnchor
SAEAnchor
MMES-GW
P-GW
WLAN3GPP IPAccess
HSS
PCRF
Gb
Iu
S1
S3S4
S7
S6
SGi
S2a
S5a S5b
S2b
MME - Mobility Management Entity
S-GW – Serving Gateway
P-GW – PDN (Packet Data Network) Gateway
3GPP Anchor – Mobility anchor between 2G/3G and LTE access systems (based on GTP)
SAE Anchor – Mobility anchor between 3GPP RATs and non 3GPP RATs
PCRF – Policy and charging rules function
User data exchange for inter 3GPP access system mobility
Access to Evolved RAN radio resources for the transport of user plane and control plane traffic
Control and mobility support between GPRS Core and the 3GPP Anchor Transfer of (QoS) policy
and charging rules
Transfer of subscription and authentication data
Data exchange between EPC and packet data networks
Control and mobility support with non 3GPP RATs
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3 . L O N G T E R M E V O L U T I O N ( L T E )
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LTE Motivations and Goals
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LTE Major Features
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LTE Bands
Band 1: Japan, Europe, Asia
Band 2: Canada, US, Latin America
Band 3: Finland, Hong Kong, Germany
Band 4: Canada, US, Latin America
Band 5: Canada, US, Australia
Band 6: Japan
Band 7: EU
Band 8: EU, Latin America
Band 9: Canada, US, Japan
Band 10: Brazil, Uruguay, Ecuador, Peru
Band 11: Japan
Band 12: US
Band 13: US
Band 14: US
Band 20: EU
Band 38: EU
Band 40: China, India
3GPP TS36.101 Table 5.5-1 E-UTRA Operating Bands
Malaysia is using Band 3, band 5, Band 7 & Band 8 for LTE
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LTE Key Technologies
OFDMA (Downlink Signal)SC-FDMA (Uplink Signal)MIMO
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Multiple Access Methods
LTE uses
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OFDM
OFDM means Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, which is a transmission technology that superimposes multiple sub-carriers. It supports efficient frequency usage and good multipath tolerance.
Becomes 0
Sig
na
l stre
ng
th
Frequency
Superimposedmulticarriers
Superimposed multiplesubcarriers
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OFDM Disadvantage
The PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) is large because the signal has finely arranged multiple subcarriers in the spectrum.
A power amplifier with good linearity and dynamic range is required so there is no distortion even at large peak powers.
This will increase unit cost and increase the UE power consumption.
Therefore, OFDM is only suitable to use at downlink.
Peak power
PAPR
Average power
Non-linear region
Linear region
Input levelO
utp
ut
level
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OFDMA
: User A
: User B
: User C
Symbol (time)
Su
bcarrie
r
Su
b-c
arrie
r
Symbol (time)
OFDMAOFDM
LTE uses OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)more advanced form of OFDM where subcarriers are allocated to different user over time.
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SC-FDMA
For Uplink, SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) is used because it has lower PAPR compared to OFDM but with similar signal processing method.
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MIMO
MIMO is the abbreviation for Multi Input Multi Output, an antenna technology that uses multiple antennas for TRx.
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Transmit Diversity VS Spatial Multiplexing
MIMO (Transmit Diversity)
Data Stream repeated on all signal path
Purpose is to improve cell-edge coverage.
Using redudancy to improve signal quality
MIMO (Spatial Multiplexing)
Different data streams
Higher Data Rate
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Beyond LTE: LTE-Advanced (LTE-A)
The next step beyond LTE is LTE-Advanced
Next technology wave: “true” 4G, conforms with ITU’s IMT-Advanced requirements
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LTE Carrier Aggregation (CA)
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4 . U N I V E R S A L M O B I L E T E L E C O M M U N I C A T I O N S Y S T E M
( U M T S )
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WCDMA Introduction
W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is the radio access technology standard used by the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).
UMTS network consist of the Radio Access Network and the Core Network. The air interface between UE and Node B is using W-CDMA technology
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Multiple Access Methods
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Transmission Method
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Cell Planning
1
1
2
2
2
3 3
3
4
4
4
5
5
GSM Cell Planning:
Frequency Reuse
1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1
W-CDMA will use the same frequency on all the cell . Each Cell using unique scrambling code
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UMTS Frequency Band Malaysia and Singapore are using Band 1 and
Band 8
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3.5G: HSDPA & HSUPA
Specifications HSDPA HSUPA
Full form High Speed Downlink Packet Access High Speed Uplink Packet Access
3GPP Standard Release 5 Release 6
Applications Video download, video conferencing big file upload
Direction Downlink, From network to Mobile side Uplink, from mobile to network side
Modulation QPSK, 16QAM QPSK
HSPA = HSDPA + HSUPA
• Use of higher order modulation• Shorter Transmission Time Interval (TTI)• Use of shared channel transmission• Use of link adaptation• Fast Node B scheduling• Node B based Hybrid ARQ:
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HSPA+ Key Technologies
• HOM (Higher Order Modulation) used in both DL and UL
DL:64QAM UL:16QAM
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Thank you!
CFLEE - 20160308