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Cement and CO2A Victim of Success !

John Kline - VP Technical Expertise

Laurent Barcelo – Manager Strategic Projects and Scientific Networks

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The Blue Map Scenarios from IEA for Carbon Reduction

2007 2050 Baseline 2050 Blue Map Target

29

57

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Global CO2 emissions in Billions of Tons according to IEA…

Business as Usual Limit temperature increase to max +3°C (5°F)

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ElectricityTransport

IndustryBuildings

Average

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80 76

2824

40

52

2007

-205

0 re

du

ctio

n a

cco

rdin

g t

o

IEA

Blu

e M

ap S

cen

ario

s (%

)

The IEA Sectorial Approach : the least cost way to meet reduction targets

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The Cement Industry Technology Roadmap to Reduce Carbon Emissions

Cement Sustainability Initiative (CSI) and IEA partnered to establish a roadmap for the cement industry:

2007 2050 Baseline 2050 Blue Map Target

22.34

1.55

(in billion of tons of CO2)

(-23%)+/- 7%

of Total

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The Cement Industry Technology Roadmap to Reduce Carbon Emissions

In terms of specific emissions (kg of CO2 per ton of cement):

2006 Low Demand High Demand

680

406 338

Blue Map

(-40%) (-50%)

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Why such a high CO2 footprint?

Worldwide annual

CO2 footprint(t CO2/year)

=

Worldwide annual

production(t/year)

.IntrinsicCO2 footprint

(t CO2/t)

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data extracted from Hammond and Jones (2011), University of Bath, UK

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Why such a high CO2 footprint?

Worldwide annual

CO2 footprint(t CO2/year)

=

Worldwide annual

production(t/year)

.IntrinsicCO2 footprint

(t CO2/t)

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Relative Usage of Common Building Materials

15 Billion t/y

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Life Cycle Analysis on 2 House Types in 2 Climates

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78%

4%

18%

11%

41%

26%

16%

6%

water

sand

gravel

cement

air

clinker

gypsum

Otheradditions

Concretevs

Cement

Cementvs

Clinker

Clinkervs

Raw Materials

80%

20%

Limestone

OtherRaw

Materials

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Direct CO2 emissions in Cement Manufacture

CO2 from Limestone calcination ~535 kg/t clinker

CO2 from fuels combustion ~330 kg/t clinker

(fairly constant from plant to plant)

(larger variations from plant to plant)

+

=

~865 kg/t clinker

Note: Excludes CO2 from electricity (about 10% in the case of cement)

x

78%

~680 kg/t cement

=

Direct CO2 emissions for clinker

Average clinker content in cement (2006 value from CSI)

Direct CO2 emissions for cement

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3 main levers to reduce CO2 emissions

1

2

3

Energy Efficiency

Alternative Fuels and Biomass

Clinker Substitution

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3 main levers to reduce CO2 emissions

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1. Energy Efficiency

Process Typical Fuel Consumtion (GJ/t)

Efficiency (%)

Theoretical consumption 1.75

Vertical Shaft Kilns ~5 35%

Wet Kilns 5.9 - 6.7 25-30%

Dry Kilns

Long Dry Kilns 4.6 38%

2 Stages Pre-Heater (PH) 3.8 46%

4 Stages PH 3.3 53%

4 Stages PH + Pre-Calciner (PC) 3.1 56%

5 Stages PH+PC (BAT)* 3 58%

* Industry’s Best Available Technology

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1. Energy Efficiency

1974 1980 1990 2000 20080

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Average kiln consumption in the US

Mil

lio

n o

f B

TU

pe

r to

n

Theoretical value

5 stage pre-heater with precalciner (BAT)

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2. Alternative Fuels and BiomassA

ltern

ativ

e F

uels

use

d in

clin

ker

prod

uctio

n

2006 data

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3. Clinker Substitution

2006 data, CSI

China

and

Indi

a

Latin

Am

erica

Europ

e

Wor

ld A

vera

ge

Africa

& M

iddl

e Eas

tCIS

Ocean

ia a

nd J

apan

Other

Asia

North

Am

erica

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%26% 26%

24%22% 21% 20%

17% 16% 16%

Av

era

ge

Ad

dit

ion

co

nte

nt

in c

em

en

t

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3 main levers to reduce CO2 emissions

?

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Reducing the lime content

C3S

C2S

Compound RM CO2kg/kg

Delta HkJ/kg

C3S 0.578 1860

C2S 0.511 1334

C3A 0.489 1946

C4AF 0.362 1359

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The Cement Technology Roadmap (CSI+IEA)Bt

of C

O2

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Carbon Capture and Sequestration TechnologiesUndeveloped and Expensive

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Do Not Allow Cement to become a Victim of Success

As an industry, we must work together to:

Actively promote the overall carbon efficiency of concrete;

Support the IEA roadmap and their sectorial approach,

Develop and promote a common approach to carbon footprint analysis;

Push for a common understanding and accounting for traditional levers;

Further promote and educate others on life cycle analysis.

Ensure that everyone knows, that at least for today, cement and concrete remain the best alternative