cementation of dust young hun yoon peter brimblecombe university of east anglia school of...
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Cementation of Cementation of DustDust
Young Hun YoonPeter Brimblecombe
University of East AngliaSchool of Environmental
Sciences, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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0
2
4
6
0 25,000 50,000 75,000 100,000 125,000
Visitors/exposure period
/Gs
IMPACT OF VISITOR IMPACT OF VISITOR NUMBERSNUMBERSon DUST DEPOSITon DUST DEPOSIT
HCP
AEH
OPH
PREVIOUS WORK
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PROBLEPROBLEMM
- High Humidity
- Biological attack- Chemical attack
- Physical behaviour
CEMENTATIONACCUMULATION
Some large particles disappearing!BECOME DEEPLY BECOME DEEPLY
EMBEDDED INTO FIBREEMBEDDED INTO FIBRE
RH change
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100
200
300
400
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
RH
Ope
ning
/mic
rons
MOVING DUST!MOVING DUST! RH changeRH change
Measured by Dr D Bowden & Created by Prof. Peter Brimblecombe
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DUST SEPERATIONDUST SEPERATION COLOUR CHANGECOLOUR CHANGE
Dust from proper left upper outer valance,KNOLE
Fibre
ParticlesOriginal Dust
18% w/w
82% w/w
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A single particles A single particles adhered to adhered to
fibre surfacefibre surface
Many fine particles- fibre becomes dark
colour
DARK
COLOUR
COLOUR CHANGE
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(a)
(b)
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Excrement or egg from Excrement or egg from insect…?insect…?
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BACTERIAL EXOPOLYMERSBACTERIAL EXOPOLYMERS
Silk fibers and bacteria after three months
of growth in high humidity.
SEMs: A. Tarnowski & C. McNamara Appl.Bio. DEAS Harvard University 8
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CEMENTATION OF DUSTCEMENTATION OF DUST
Humidity and pollutants
may bind dust to
underlying surfaces
so sets cleaning frequency (Curtain from Eating Room)
Cementation?
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EXPERIMENTEXPERIMENT Soil fines (63microns) + single
fibre or
Mixed with traces of salt and sugar in small dish
Exposed for about 3 months in HCP, Knole, Dover Tunnel
Lab work - 4 weeks exposure (at RH 35, 70, 80, 98%)
Weighing
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HIGH HUMIDITY EXPOSUREHIGH HUMIDITY EXPOSURE
Concreted at High Humidity Knole & Dover Tunnel
Dust + sugar Dust + salt
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COTTON AFTER A HUMID COTTON AFTER A HUMID WINTERWINTER
HCP Knole
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0
1
2
3
4
5
Fibr
e W
eigh
t I
ncre
ased
(m
g)
RH 35%
RH 70%
RH 80%
RH 98%
Lab work: FIBRE WEIGHING
Soil + NaCl
Soil + Sugar Soil
weight 13
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0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Humidity
Fibr
e W
eigh
t In
crea
sed
(mg)
Cotton Fibre + soil finesCotton Fibre + soil fines
Lab work: FIBRE WEIGHING
weight 14
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weight
0123456789
10
Knole HCP Dover Tunnel
NaCL
Sucrose
Control
Low humidity in HCP shows small activity on cementation!
Exposures: FIBRE WEIGHING
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Exposures: FIBRE WEIGHING
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Knole HCP Dover Tunnel
Fibre
wei
ght
incr
ease
d (
mg)
Control
Control : without salt and sugar
weight 16
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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
- Cementation control
- Cleaning frequency
&
20
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SALT ENCRUSTATIONS
J.R.N. Tower Curing Works, 1880, Great Yarmouthreat Yarmouth
Fish washing box near salt store
in the building.
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SALT ENCRUSTATIONS –
WOODEN BEAM WITH SALTWOODEN BEAM WITH SALT
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
conce
ntr
ati
on (
g/k
g)
Floor dust Storage Salt adhered towooden ceiling
Chloride
Sulphate
Nitrate
Salt adhered onto the wooden ceiling
Fish washing box and Plaster degraded of the wall.
x4
Dionex
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J.R.N. Tower Curing Works, 1880, Great Yarmouthreat Yarmouth
Fish washing box near salt store
in the building.
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Plate 2. Traditional dust flaps at Nostell Priory Library
DUST FLAPSDUST FLAPS : case study and : case study and applicationapplication
Plate1. Leather dust flaps at Library in Ickworth
House
Dust flap
(Credit: Katy Lithgow, NT)
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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
- Cementation control
- Cleaning frequency
&
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