5/15/2012

1

Population Geography

Geography of Long IslandGeog 202

Michael Paluzzi, ABD

PopulationHow many people live in New York?

2000 Census – 18,976,457

2010 Census – 19,378,102 ∆401,645

How many people live on Long Island?2000 Census – 7,448,618

2010 Census – 7,568,304

How many in the United States?2000 Census – 299,398,484

2010 Census – 308,745,538

How many live on earth?6.5 billion people (estimate)

Census 2010

Census 2010

Census 2010

Census 2010

5/15/2012

2

Census 2010

Census 2010

Census 2010

Census 2010

Census 20102010 Center of Population

The national center is the point where a flat, weightless map of the United States would balance perfectly.

The National Mean Center of Population based on the 2010 Census is near Plato, Mo., an incorporated village in Texas County.

Census 2010

5/15/2012

3

Census 2010

World Population1830 the world’s population was One billion.

1930 - 100 years later - 2 billion.

1960 - 30 years later - 3 billion

1975 - 15 more years later - 4 billion.

1987 - 12 years later - 5 billion.

1998 - 11 years later - 6 billion

By 2029 - 10.4 billion

Concerns?

Distribution of PopulationClusters

East Asia – 1/4 of the world’s populationChina (#1), Japan, Korean Peninsula, Taiwan

South Asia – 1/5 of the world’s populationIndia (#2), Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka

Southeast Asia – 500 million peopleJava (100 million), Sumatra, Borneo, Papua New Guinea, Philippines

Europe – most live in urban areas (15%)Eastern/Western Europe, European Russia

Northeastern United States (150 million)

Population Density

Distribution of Population

5/15/2012

4

Sparsely Populated AreasEcumene – the portion of the earth that supports permanent settlement

Covers most of the planet excepts areas:Too dry (North Africa, central Asia, Australia)

Too wet (SE Asia, C Africa, interior SA)

Too Cold (poles)

Too high (Central Asia)

Population DensityArithmetic Density – total number of people divided by total area (aka – population density)

Not always a good indicator of how densely populated an area is

Variation with a country Manhattan – 71,000/ square mile Loving County TX – 0.08 / square mile

Physiological density – number of people per unit of arable land

Arable land - Land fit to be cultivated Better indicator of overpopulation than crude population density

Population DensityEgypt – 3% of land is arable –physiological density much greater than crude population density

Physiological densities are among the highest on Earth

Agricultural density – the number of farmers per unit of arable land

Excludes city populations – rural residents (farmers

What do these densities tell us?Netherlands vs. Bangladesh

Physiological both high

Agricultural Netherlands = very low

Geographers conclude – high food demands, but Netherlands are more efficient farmers, requiring fewer farmers

Long Island’s Population DensityLength: 118 miles

Area: 1,401 square miles

Population 2000 Census: 7,448,618Population Density: 5,316/ mi2

Population 2010 Census – 7,568,304Population Density: 5,402/ mi2

Kings County: 2504700/96.90 mi2 = 25,848/ mi2

Queens County: 2230722 /109.24 mi2 = 20,420/mi2

Nassau County: 1339532 /287 mi2 = 4667 /mi2

Suffolk County: 1493350/ 912 mi2 = 1637 /mi2

Population Statistics – Long Island

5/15/2012

5

Historical populations – Long Island

Census - Pop. - % ±1790 - 37,108 —

1800 - 42,907 - 15.6%

1810 - 48,752 - 13.6%

1820 - 56,978 - 16.9%

1830 - 69,775 - 22.5%

1840 - 110,406 - 58.2%

1850 - 212,637 - 92.6%

1860 - 379,788 - 78.6%

1870 - 540,648 - 42.4%

1880 - 743,957 - 37.6%

1890 - 1,029,097 - 38.3%

1900 - 1,452,611 - 41.2% 1910 - 2,098,460 - 44.5% 1920 - 2,723,764 - 29.8% 1930 - 4,103,638 - 50.7% 1940 - 4,600,022 - 12.1% 1950 - 5,237,918 - 13.9% 1960 - 6,403,852 - 22.3% 1970 - 7,141,515 - 11.5% 1980 - 6,728,074 - −5.8% 1990 - 6,861,474 - 2.0% 2000 - 7,448,618 - 8.6% 2010 – 7,568,304 - 1.6%Est. 2008 7,713,454 - 3.6%

Population ChangeCrude Birth Rate (CBR) – total number of births divided by the total population

a figure per 1,000 of the populationworld CBR is 22 per 1,000

Crude Death Rate (CDR): total number of deaths divided by the total population

a figure per 1,000 of the populationworld CDR is 9 per 1,000

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) – annual growth rate that are caused by changes in births and deaths only.

annual number of births – annual number of deaths = RNI Current world RNI is 1.2% per year)

Population ChangeTotal fertility rate (TFR) – the average number of children born by a statistically average woman

world average is 2.8 to 1.4 in Europe to 5.2 in Africa

Percentage of population under age 15 – %aged 15 years and younger

Signals future rapid population growth

Percentage of population over age 65 – % aged 65 and older

Demographic Transition Model

Preindustrial Transitional IndustrializedEarly civilization Industrial Revolution First ½ 20th Century

Population DefinitionsPopulation measures are made more meaningful by rates and cohort measures

RatesFrequency of occurrence during a specified time period Marriages per 1000 population in the United States

Cohort Population group unified by a common characteristic, such as age Population aged 1-5 years

Population PyramidsPopulation pyramids – show the gender and percentage of the population in specific age groups

Rapidly growing population:Broad-based because a large percentage of the population is usually less than 14 years old.

Many African, Asian and Latin American countries have broad-based pyramids.

More than 40% of their populations are under age 15.

5/15/2012

6

Population PyramidsSlow Growth:

Stable population: A pyramids with proportional sides –almost equal base, mid-section and top. Countries with stable populations include France, Scandinavian countries and U.S.

Population PyramidDeclining population:A pyramid with very narrow base. Few children are born. Examples of countries with declining populations are Austria, Germany, Hungary and Japan.

What do population pyramids show us?Dependency Ratio – # of people to old or young to work vs. # of people in productive years

5/15/2012

7

OverpopulationNot always a result of high populationCarrying Capacity

The number of people the land can sustain and support

Where is overpopulation on the planet? Africa

What problems exist with it? Can’t feed peopleLeads to malnutrition.

UrbanizationTransformation from rural to urban status

Rapid growth of cities in developing countriesNearly all world population increase between 2000 and 2030 will be in urban areas of developing countries

Consumes a great deal of cropland

Problems in densely populated cities in developing countries

Lack of housing, jobs, education, health and social services